MACHINABILITY OF NICKEL AND TITANIUM ALLOYS UNDER OF GAS-BASED COOLANT-LUBRICANTS (CLS) – A REVIEW (original) (raw)
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Advanced materials like nickel and titanium have unique combinations such as low thermal conductivity, high chemical reactivity, and high hardness. Machining these materials requires suitable lubricant and proper cooling technique for increasing tool life, decreasing cutting temperature, and improving surface roughness. This paper presents a brief review done on gasbased coolant-lubricants (CLs) used in the form of either gas or cooled-pressured air and gases. Main gas-based CLs are air, N 2 , and CO 2 . Investigations of previous researches include hypered cooled air (at different cooling temperatures), minimum quantity lubrication (MQL), and gases which have been used on machining operation that affect tool life and surface finish. Compresed N 2 and cooled air with MQL was identified as the most suitable coolant-lubricants for machining performance. Furthermore, this type of gas-based coolant-lubricant (CLs) is considered as one of the environmentally conscious machining.
A Review on Different Cooling/Lubrication Techniques in Metal Cutting
American Journal of Mechanics and Applications, 2019
Various types cooling/lubrication techniques are used in machining processes for enhancing machining performances. Conventional way of cooling/lubrication requires higher coolant cost, waste and disposal cost. Not only has that it had many negative impacts on environment and operators health. For attaining highest efficiency of cutting fluids with minimum quantity, different sustainable strategies are tried to develop. In recent decades researchers are worked out on different cooling/lubrication strategies alternative to conventional cooling. This paper represents a comprehensive review of all presently practiced cooling/lubrication strategies and their effects on different aspects such as surface quality of machined component, tool wear, tool life, cutting temperature, cutting forces etc. through analyzing selected papers. The influence of different cutting fluids such as solid lubricants, nanofluids, ionic liquids etc. with their positive and negative impacts is also discussed. The research gaps are also identified for further research works. From review it is clear that the machining performance is highly affected by cooling techniques and coolant types. Selection of proper cooling technique with suitable cutting fluids depends on work material, tool material and cutting variables.
Use of Coolants and Lubricants in Hard Machining
Nowadays, the consideration of environmental protection viewpoints is a social obligation in all fields of life. These expectations are even more increased during the manufacturing of machine industrial products, which is why the demand for the reduction of environmental load is becoming predominant in production. This is why the application of used coolants and lubricants (CL) has gained the centre of interest in metal processing procedures. In the development of machining procedures CL contributes not only to the increase of the effectiveness of material removal but it helps to achieve the appropriate accuracy and quality. At the same time coolants and lubricants, depending on their composition, pollute the environment to different extents. That is why it is an emphasized task of technologists in the planning and execution of material removal to reduce the amount of these auxiliary materials, or do without them if possible. In this paper we focus on the determination of the ratios...
Dry machining has been successfully used in several machining applications with different cutting tools and workpiece materials due to its environmental friendliness. Dry hard turning has become an alternative machining process to grinding due to its ability to increase material removal rate, reduce production costs, and enhance of material properties. However, hard turning has several issues such as high temperatures at the tool-chip and tool-workpiece interfaces which are affecting negatively on the surface integrity of the machined parts. Using conventional cutting fluids can improve machining performance by reducing the temperature in the cutting area. However, conventional cutting fluids have some issues such as pollution, hazard on operator, high cost, and corrosion for machine tool and workpiece. All these issues related to applications of conventional cutting fluids have encouraged the researchers to look up for another alternative cooling technique in machining operation. Cooling gas has been explored as one of the alternative cooling techniques. The present paper studies the effect of applying nitrogen gas on surface roughness and tool life under different cutting parameters (cutting speed of 100, 135, and 170 m/min, feed of 0.16, 0.2, and 0.24 mm/rev, with constant depth of cut of 0.2 mm) for hard turning of stainless steel (hardness of 48 HRC) using coated carbide tools. Results showed that better surface finish and longer tool life were achieved by using nitrogen gas coolant condition compared to dry cutting.
Procedia Manufacturing, 2019
Increasing production quality and minimizing costs in machining process have become an important aspect for green machining. In order for this to be sustained, high concern towards human health and high environmental awareness has resulted to the minimization and elimination of cutting fluids. Therefore, this research project aims at investigating the feasibility of some selected nano-particles dispersed in water as the base fluids. This is deemed a promising solution due to cooling and lubricating attributes of nano-fluids. In this case Al2O3, TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles were individually dispersed in water and then used to determine the variation of temperature with machining time and also the surface morphology of chip formation observed from mild steel subjected to an end milling operation in a vertical milling machine. Two pass end milling operation was carried out on the work piece while monitoring temperature response at 30 seconds interval for each trial of experiment with K thermocouple. The mean temperature distribution result obtained were 65.977ºC, 37.542ºC, 36.868ºC and 36.5796ºC for dry, TiO2, SiO2 and Al2O3 water based nano-fluids. The results showed that Al2O3 water base nano-coolant performed better in all the 5g/L nanoparticle concentration, nano-fluids in terms of heat transfer because it had the least mean temperature when compared to dry machining. In conclusion, 5g/L concentration of nano-coolants were efficient in machining but can be improved further by optimization.
Influence of Different Cooling and Lubrication Techniques on Material Machinability in Machining
Strojniški vestnik – Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2013
In this paper, a novel approach to the definition of universal machinability is presented. The machinability model is based on analysing the vector of the cutting process performance. The machinability of C45E steel was analysed and evaluated according to the developed machinability definition. As the machinability criteria, cutting force, intensity of tool wear and surface roughness were used.
Journal européen des systèmes automatisés, 2022
Machining is the art of developing sustainable mechanical components by transforming solid raw materials into the finished product. Because for any Nation to achieve sustainable development, the Nation must have quality manufacturing industries. This paper summarizes existing articles on the effects of high-pressure lubrication conditions on chip formation and temperature distribution. Also, surface roughness, tool wear, and vibrations in machining operations when considering the current trend. Furthermore, the study of nano-lubricant and their application in reducing friction and temperature were also reviewed. The study also examined other lubrication conditions, cutting parameters with the high-pressure machining operations to draw a definite conclusion. The review confirms that applying a high-pressure lubrication system is very efficient. However, it has some challenges. Cooling technology is not built into the system, discovered during this review. Therefore, the study will recommend a developed machine that can function in multiple faces. Industrial 4.0 additive manufacturing techniques can build the cryogenic systemmaking the lubricant delivery machine a sustainable technology in machining operation. A high-pressure-cryogenic-MQL lubrication process is needed for sustainable machining operations of various alloys and metal composite materials for automobile, aerospace, and structural applications. The sustainable lubrication system will also help eradicate hightemperature occurrence in the machining region with a sustainable way of removing the chips without experiencing chip breakage at the cutting region.
Investigation of Coolants in Machining of Titanium Aluminides
Annals of DAAAM for ... & proceedings of the ... International DAAAM Symposium .., 2016
Titanium and nickel based alloys are two types of industrially used materials. Especially in aerospace and automotive industry, the intermetallic titanium aluminides tend to replace these prevailing materials. Their density is only a half of nickel based alloys and a high strength at room temperature and hot condition is retained. But the high reaction affinity against tool materials, their low Youngs modulus and low heat conductivity cause difficulties in machining. During the machining process, low heat conductivity leads to high thermal loading of tools and therefore a well-directed cooling strategy is necessary. In this paper an overview about different cooling strategies, such as cryogenic carbon dioxide cooling and minimum quantity lubrication of the titanium aluminide Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb is shown. Based on a literature research and the experiments conducted in this investigation, cryogenic cooling is a reliable option for reducing toolwear.
Influence of Cooling Fluid Application on Tool Wear During Machining of Hardened Chrome Nickel Steel
2014
Influence of cooling fluid application on the tool wear, during longitudinal turning of hardened chrome nickel steel, on the basis of experimental investigations is presented in this paper. Cutting tool wear investigation through comparation dry machining and machining by cooling fluid application, for the same other machining conditions, are conducted. Tool wear size, tool wear shape and cutting tool life are taken into account by cutting tool wear investigation. Analysis of experimental results showed inverse proportion between coolig fluid application and flank wear size, as well as significance of influence on tool wear and its characteristics, via the flank wear shape. Also, analysis of experimental results showed significance of influence coolig fluid application on increase of cutting tool life.