Morphological and macrostructural studies of dog cranial bone demineralized with different acids (original) (raw)
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Assessment of acidic bone demineralization process via optical properties
In the present investigation, a variety of strong and weak acids have been chosen for the bone decalcification process. Demineralization of dog cranial bone was carried out using 0.6 M concentration of either hydrochloric, lactic or citric acid. Optical characterization such as: reflectance spectra, tristimulus values and color parameters were employed and related to the degrees of demineralization. The CIE Lab method was used to determine the L (luminosity), 'a' (red-green) and 'b' (yellow-blue) color values of the samples. The study has been extended to include the absorption and extension coefficients of the prepared samples. The variation in the optical parameters proved that the spectral behavior depended on the nature of the bone matrices which resulted from the phase composition of bone. The results indicate that the variation in the optical band gap was derived from Tauc's extrapolation for the demineralizing acids. The data obtained are attributed to the differences of the demineralizing acids and their consequent actions on the products.
Reaction and diffusion during demineralization of animal bone
Aiche Journal, 2004
The demineralization of animal bone is investigated. Experimental results show an increase in penetration rate of hydrochloric acid into animal bone particles, and thereby increased demineralization, at increasing temperature and concentration of HCl. Fick's law is used to calculate the effective diffusivities of HCl in animal bone from these experimental results, showing a decrease in effective diffusivity at increased HCl concentration, which proves Fick's law unsuitable for describing the process, whereas a Maxwell-Stefan-based model is used successfully. This model is able to take into account gradients in composition as well as electrical potential, and also addresses the frictional resistances between the various components in the multicomponent system. The results of the Maxwell-Stefan model are in good agreement with the experimental data. From the Maxwell-Stefan model and the experiments, it follows that at high concentrations of HCl, the friction between the diffusing ions (H ϩ , Cl Ϫ , H 2 PO 4 Ϫ , and Ca 2ϩ) becomes more important and lowers the increase of demineralization rate caused by the increase in the concentration gradient.
Influence of hydrochloric acid concentration on the demineralization of cortical bone
Chemical Engineering Research & Design, 2011
Although demineralized bone matrix has been considered a successful grafting material, combining both osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties, conflicting results have been published in the literature regarding its bone-inducing abilities. This may be a consequence of following different demineralization procedures that naturally result in products with different properties.The present work examines the evaluation of the demineralization process of similar samples of
Comparison of different protocols for demineralization of cortical bone
Scientific Reports
Bone is a biological composite material consisting of two main components: collagen and mineral. Collagen is the most abundant protein in vertebrates, which makes it of high clinical and scientific interest. In this paper, we compare the composition and structure of cortical bone demineralized using several protocols: ethylene-diamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA), formic acid (CH2O2), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and HCl/EDTA mixture. The efficiencies of these four agents were investigated by assessing the remaining mineral quantities and collagen integrity with various experimental techniques. Raman spectroscopy results show that the bone demineralized by the CH2O2 agent has highest collagen quality parameter. The HCl/EDTA mixture removes the most mineral, but it affects the collagen secondary structure as amide II bands are shifted as observed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals that HCl and EDTA are most effective in removing the mineral with bul...
COMPARISON OF DEMINERALIZED AND DEPROTEINIZED BONE
MRS Proceedings, 2011
Cortical and cancellous bones were demineralized and deproteinized using 1 N HCl and 6% NaOCl, respectively. Experiments were performed at 37°C. The rate constants were calculated and the structural features of untreated and completely demineralized and deproteinized samples were studied by scanning electron microscopy, showing that intact, contiguous structures were obtained. For both cases, the rate constant was higher for cancellous bone than the cortical bone.
X-ray and electron diffraction patterns of bone mineral component are very diffuse and distorted in comparison with those of the well crystallized synthetic hydroxyapatite biomaterials. This is connected with small crystallite size and microdeformations of the crystal lattice of natural bone mineral. In this work the crystal structure clanges in the bone mineral subject to demineralization in 0.1 M HCl and 0.1 M EDTA solution were studied by X-ray diffraction analysis. The bone specimens were cut perpendicular to the proximal, radial or tangential bone axis, respectively. This permitted a comparison between structural characteristics of hydroxyapatite crystals of different morphology. From the and diffraction line widths the crystal dimensions L and the microdistortions were estimated for different types of morphology for initial and demineralized specimens. For initial specimens with proximal orientation L was in the range of 30 to 40 nm and was 0.1-0.2 %. The microstrain of the hydroxyapatite crystal lattice correlated in a wide range with the crystal dimension along the [00.1] axis irrespectively of the morphology type and the degree of demineralization. Appreciable destruction of the hydroxyapatite crystal lattice accompanied by stress relaxation occurred after treatment for 6 h by HCl or 48 h by EDTA.
Dielectric properties of natural and demineralized collagen bone matrix
IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2011
In this paper, measurements of dielectric properties of fluid-saturated cortical and trabecular bovine bones are presented. Results are reported for native and demineralized states from 80 MHz to 1 GHz. A non invasive technique using open-ended coaxial lines is proposed, and compared to invasive configurations. Measurements are performed in time domain and data are processed using system identification techniques in continuous and discrete domains. These are very interesting tools for signal processing when working with time domain spectroscopy data. As a validation test for the system identification technique, data are also obtained in the frequency domain. A clear evidence of relaxation processes around 0.2 to 0.4 GHz is shown, which may be due to the movement of polar side chains of the collagen fibers. A strong difference between the dielectric properties of native and demineralized bones was found. The experiments here reported aim to contribute to a more in-depth knowledge of the relaxation processes due to the fully hydrated collagen matrix and its relation to the mineralized phase.
Interrelationships between electrical, mechanical and hydration properties of cortical bone
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2018
Interrelationship between electrical and mechanical properties of cortical bone and the role of bone composition in this interrelationship are not comprehensively investigated to date. This study aimed to investigate associations of electrical properties (i.e., specific impedance, dielectric constant, and conductivity) with mechanical properties (i.e., toughness, strength and elastic modulus) of wet and sequentially dehydrated cortical bone. Bovine cortical bone samples (N = 24) were subjected to three-point bending test. A sequential heat treatment protocol ensued to tease out contributions of unbound water and bound water. Demineralization was performed to understand contributions of organic matrix and the mineral phase to the electrical properties of cortical bone. Raman-spectroscopy based water measurement was used to investigate involvement of collagen-and mineralbound water in the electrical properties. Our results showed statistically significant correlations between electrical and mechanical properties of cortical bone. Toughness and ultimate strength were negatively correlated with impedance and positively correlated with conductivity and dielectric constant. The highest correlations between electrical and mechanical properties of cortical bone were typically found at the frequencies of 0.2, 0.5 and 1 MHz. The electrical properties of bone changed significantly as a result of sequential dehydration, indicating that unbound and bound water compartments are the key determinants of the electrical properties. Comparison of porosity matched bone samples with high and low amount of bound water showed that bound water compartments may have an independent role in determining electrical properties of cortical bone. Furthermore, the results indicated that collagen and mineral-bound water may contribute differentially to the electrical properties of a bone. In the overall, our results suggest that electrical properties of cortical bone may be used to assess bone toughness and strength, and also underline the necessity for developing techniques to measure these electrical properties in vivo.
Electric properties of non-irradiated and gamma-irradiated bone
Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 2002
Dielectric spectroscopy has been applied to study the effect of water and c-irradiation on bone. Measurements were performed in the electric field frequency range of 10 1-10 5 Hz and at temperatures from 22 to 240°C. The bone samples contained about 3% water by mass at room temperature. The doses of c-irradiation were 5, 50, 100, 300 and 1000 kGy. The influence of water and c-irradiation on the permittivity and conductivity of bone is significant at temperatures above 100°C. Results of this paper would suggest that c-irradiation initiates two important processes: cross-linking for doses 5 and 50 kGy and main-chain degradation for higher doses. Analysis of polarisation and conduction mechanisms for bone was interpreted on the basis of proton transport.