BLAST LOADING ON STRUCTURES (original) (raw)
Related papers
2013
This technical report describes a procedure that can be followed for the calculation of the loads to be applied to a structure as a consequence of a blast. The report considers explosions taking place outside a building, which are not addressed directly at the relevant European Standards (Eurocode EN1991-1-7) dealing with accidental loading scenarios. The aim is the production of a simple, self-contained guide enabling the structural engineer to conduct a preliminary design of buildings for possible terrorist attacks. Aspects of the theory of blast waves have been included at an introductory level. The approach of the empirical methods for the prediction of blast loads has been chosen, which is more straightforward and has resulted from extensive experimental testing. For the determination of the main blast parameters, several graphs and diagrams have been included, which have been collected and properly adapted from several authoritative sources. This should make the load calculati...
Design and Analysis of Blast Load on Structures
2015
The increase in the number of terrorist attacks especially in the last few years has shown that the effect of blast loads on buildings is a serious matter that should be taken into consideration in the design process. Although these kinds of attacks are exceptional cases, man-made disasters; blast loads are in fact dynamic loads that need to be carefully calculated just like earthquake and wind loads.
Analysis of Structural Response under Blast Loading Using Sap 2000 and Autodyn
The study and analysis of the explosive atmosphere in the building began in the 1960s. In the United States, the US Department of Defense released a 1959 technology textbook "Resistance to Traumatic Result" in 1959. Revised version of the brochure TM 5-1300 (1990) which is widely used by military and civil society organizations to design buildings to prevent the spread of explosions and to provide protection for personnel and critical equipment. The following methods are available in predicting the effects of explosions on building structures e.g. Empirical (or analytical) methods Semi-empirical methods Number Methods Art methods are actually related to test data. Most of these methods are limited to the basic test database level. The accuracy of all the powerful figures is reduced as the blast event approaches the field. Semi-empirical methods, based on simple material models. An attempt to model important body processes in a simple way. These methods rely on comprehensive data and case studies. The accuracy of the guesswork is often better than that given by the construction methods. The overloading features of the event due to atomic weapons, high-powered explosives and unconventional cloud explosions are modified and followed by a description of other explosive loading features associated with air flow and display process. Fertice G. conducts extensive architecture and explosive load calculations for surface structures. KEYWORDS-massive dynamic load, explosion-resistant structure, oxidation, blast phenomenon and unconventional cloud explosions
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF BLAST LOADING FOR NUCLEAR EXPLOSION ON STRUCTURES
In today's geopolitical environment, the need to protect both military facilities and civilian population from enemy attack has not diminished. Furthermore, we noted an increasing need to protect civilian populations against terrorism and social and subversive unrest. Protecting society against this form of featureless evolving type of warfare will remain a challenge, at least through the first half of 21st century and certainly longer. Any outstanding recognition will require a well planned multi-layered contribute to that strikes a fine coordination between ensuring a nations security and support the freedoms that modern society enjoys. In this context, this project is done to study the impact of blast loading for nuclear explosion on buildings. On high these recommendations define the structural strength pre-eminent to withstand the force produced by a surface burst of a nuclear weapon. A brief forum of the major parameters which exercise the force acting on a structure is followed by a specification of the peak magnitude and time variation of these forces. Specific details which define the net forces acting on an element of the basic structural types are given. As this design requires a sound background on blast loading mitigations and as it not economical only. Following the discussion of the effects of the size and function of a structure is specification of basic properties of reinforced concrete and steel. The protective structural analysis is based upon the Tri Service Manual TM 5-1300, ASCE Manual 42, FEMA guidelines and Indian Standards
The state of the art of explosive loads characterisation
This paper presents the state of the art of characterisation of explosive loads of engineering structures. In recent years, high explosive devices have become the weapon of choice for the majority of terrorist attacks. Such factors as the accessibility of information on the construction of bomb devices, relative ease of manufacturing, mobility and portability, coupled with significant property damage and injuries, are responsible for significant increase in bomb attacks all over the world. In most of cases, structural damage and the glass hazard have been major contributors to death and injury for the targeted buildings. Following the events of September 11, 2001, the so-called "icon buildings" are perceived to be attractive targets for possible terrorist attacks. Research into methods for protecting civilian buildings against such bomb attacks has been initiated. Several analysis methods available to predict the loads from a high explosive blast on buildings in complex city geometries are examined. Analytical and numerical techniques are presented and the results obtained by different methods are compared. Results of the numerical simulations presented in this paper for multiple buildings in an urban environment have demonstrated the importance of accounting for adjacent structures when determining the blast loads on buildings.
IJERT-Numerical Analysis of Steel Building Under blast Loading
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2014
https://www.ijert.org/numerical-analysis-of-steel-building-under-blast-loading https://www.ijert.org/research/numerical-analysis-of-steel-building-under-blast-loading-IJERTV3IS110846.pdf Explosions are widely used for demolition purpose such as in construction or development works, military applications and destruction. But also it is common to use in terrorist activities and easy to produce with a great power to cause structural damage and injuries.The aim of the paper is to understand the explosion phenomena and its load on structures by introducinga historical studies and equations.Moreover, finite element program SAP2000 was conducted to study and analyze the real behavior of steel structure which subjected to blast loads withdifferent charge weights at the same building situation.The main parameters considered in this study were displacement, terrorist threat and demand capacity ratio (D/C). The blast load was determined as a pressure-time history.
Analytical Investigation of High rise Building under Blast Loading.pdf
This paper presents the dynamic response of high rise building subjected to blast loading. It is about understanding the explosion phenomena and investigating the dynamic response of a concrete frame structure by using SAP2000. Building is of 10 storey is exposed to 30kg TNT and 60kg TNT with three different standoff distances of 10m, 12.5m and 15m respectively. A non-linear three Dimensional is used for analyzing the dynamic response of a structure. In the present scenario, structures under blast loading (i.e. bomb explosion) are acting in short duration with high pressure intensity of shock wave which is outlined in section of TM-5 1300.The aim of this paper is to investigate the performance of high rise buildings under blast loading, blast phenomena and dynamic response of a concrete frame structure under blast loading by using SAP2000 software. Blasting vibration responses are simulated by using MATLAB program. The result obtained in terms of time history function, displacements and influence of the parameter considering the resistance of structure. Therefore, for decreasing the facade on surrounding buildings, moderate explosive energy is used to control the structural damages due to explosion.
DETERMINATION OF BLAST LOAD PARAMETERS FOR A MULTI STOREY STRUCTURE
Blast resistant analysis explores non linear Two Dimensional dynamic responses of tall building (G+10) storey. Tall reinforced concrete structural buildings have been designed for normal loads like dead, live, and wind. As all of us are aware that in today's world terrorist's attacks are common and not a single country is completely safe. High-Explosive detonations propagate blast energy in all directions, causing extensive damage to both the target structure and nearby buildings. These blast loads are of high intensity and these loads acts on the structure for short durations. Hence blast loading is nothing but impulsive loading. These loads are analyzed by TM-5 1300. In there comes the major challenge for civil engineers to design the structure for blast loads. In the Impact from the blast loads damages the target structure as well as the surrounding structures. Hence the structure should be designed for the blast loads along with normal loads, so that can be resist shock waves due to blast (impact) loading. The blasting energy releases high intensity pressure waves which are called as incident pressure waves. Then the incident waves affect the surrounding structures along with target structure. Those waves touches the structure and rebounds to the source after which they gets combined with the incident waves forming high intensity waves called reflected pressure waves. With that the reflected pressure waves a mach front is formed with the summation of the both incident pressure as well as reflected pressure. The dynamic blast loads are needed to be carefully calculated just like wind loads and earthquake loads. In this paper the blast load parameters are calculated for 2-D G+10 structural frame which is done manually. Columns are key load bearing elements in the frame structure.
Prediction of Blast Loading and Its Impact on Buildings
A bomb explosion within or immediately nearby a building can cause catastrophic damage on the building's external and internal structural frames, collapsing of walls, blowing out of large expanses of windows, and shutting down of critical life-safety systems. Loss of life and injuries to occupants can result from many causes, including direct blast-effects, structural collapse, debris impact, fire, and smoke. The indirect effects can combine to inhibit or prevent timely evacuation, thereby contributing to additional casualties. In addition, major catastrophes resulting from gas chemical explosions result in large dynamic loads, greater than the original design loads, of many structures. The analysis and design of structures subjected to blast loads require a detailed understanding of blast phenomena and the dynamic response of various structural elements. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the effects of explosion on structures. An explanation of the nature of explosions and the mechanism of blast waves in free air is given. This paper also introduces different methods to estimate blast loads and structural response.
Blast assessment of RC structures
In last few years, many people and structures have been subjected to explosions stemming from terrorist attacks all around the world. These terrorist attacks generally targeted the governmental buildings, police stations and dense or reputable public buildings. The blast resistance of these buildings is vitally important for preventing/reducing structural damage and resulting casualties/injuries. On the contrary, generally effects of blast loads are neglected in design process of these buildings. In the light of above mentioned facts, an existing public building, which was built in 1970s in Istanbul, is analysed for two different potential explosion scenarios. These scenarios are represented with different locations of explosion. Blast pressures and impulses are calculated for these different scenarios and taken into consideration in dynamic analysis to assess the structural performance against very short duration impact. In conclusion, structural performance of this typical building is evaluated in terms of damage characteristics of structural members.