Comparative efficacy of seven brands of albendazole against naturally acquired gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep in Hawassa, southern Ethiopia (original) (raw)
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Open Access Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
A study aimed at assessing parasites control practices in use and to determine existence of gastro intestinal nematodes resistance for Albendazole, Tetraclozash and Ivermectin, in naturally infected sheep under field conditions in and around Bekoji Town. Sheep of both sexes were randomly selected from small holder farmers from different peasant associations were used for this study. Before administering of the drugs, screening was done to identify infected sheep with gastro-intestinal nematodes and eggs per grams (EPG) greater than 200 were eligible for inclusion in the field experiment following guidelines by Coles and his colleagues (1). Accordingly a total of 48 animals grouped into four treatment groups’ of Albendazole, Tetraclozash, Ivermectin and Control (i.e. left untreated). Albendazole, Tetramisole and Ivermectin were found 90.53%, 98.1% and 96.59 % respectively. The percentage reduction of fecal egg counts (FECs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), for Albendazole, Tetracl...
A combination of cross-sectional and experimental study was conducted from December 2014 to January 2015 with the objectives of determining the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes and evaluating the efficacy of commonly used anthelmintic drugs in different sheep breeds in Areka agricultural research center sheep breed improvement farm, Wolayita, Southern Ethiopia. Prevalence study was conducted on the total of 229 sheep on station, belonging to 3 different breeds and the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was used to evaluate the efficacy of anthelmintics. For the anthelmintic efficacy trial, a total of 72 sheep; 24 sheep for each breed were selected based on their higher fecal egg count (FEC) (>150 eggs).The sheep were randomly assigned in to four groups for each breed. Anthelmintics tested were Albendazole, Tetramizole and Ivermectin for each group of sheep breed. From the total 229 different sheep examined, the overall prevalence of one or more gastrointestinal parasites was 86.6%. Individual breed prevalence was 90% for pure dorper, 92.9% for cross bred and 84.2% for local indigenous breed Predominant worm species were strongyle (71.9%), Trichuris (1.5%) and 26% of the positive specimens were harboring multiple worm species. Evaluation of the efficacy of anthelmintic by using FECRT revealed that Ivermectin and Albendazole did show resistance while Tetramizole was 100% effective against parasite treatment in all sheep breeds. Therefore the farm should practice strategic deworming system to reduce the problem of anthelmintic resistance and more controlled experimental trials that consider different season, agro ecology and using more sensitive methods like egg hatch and larval motility assay with varieties of anthelmintic brands to complement and support this finding.
Goat production is of great importance especially to the rural farmers in Uganda, serving a number of socioeconomic functions. Among the limitations of goat production in Uganda are Gastro Intestinal Nematodes (GINs). These are usually controlled using commercial Anthelmintic compounds. Due to continual improper usage of these drugs by the farmers, evolution of resistant strains has resulted thus affecting their effectiveness in controlling the GINs. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of four commercially available anthelmintics used for controlling Gastro Intestinal Nematodes (GINs) in goats on natural pastures in the south western highlands of Uganda. A mini survey was conducted prior to the current study to get information about the most commonly used anthelmintics in the study area. Initially, 240 goats were enrolled into the study and, 210 were used in the final analysis. The goats were randomly allocated to 5 different treatment groups at district level namely; untreated controls (CTRL), Albendazole 10% (ABZ), Ivermectin (IVE), Levamisole (LEV) and Closantel (CL). Faecal and blood samples were collected from each animal at 0, 14, 28 and 42 days post-treatment respectively and analysed for faecal egg counts (FEC) using the modified McMaster method. The percentage reduction, FECR % was calculated from the arithmetic mean and difference in FEC between breeds, district and age were assessed by univariate analysis of variance in SPSS. Results at day zero indicated that age and district had significant effect on FEC (P-value= 0.001 and 0.035respectively) while breed had no significant effect (P-value=0.465). At 14 days post-treatment, district, breed and treatment had significant effects on FEC (P-value=0.00, 0.02 and 0.05 respectively) while age was not (P=0.931). Albendazole and Levamizol were the most used drugs in the study area while Closantel and Ivermectin were the least used. Drug efficacy varied between districts, with the highest mean Fecal Egg Count Reduction (FECR) achieved with Closantel (FECR%=100%), while the lowest mean FECR observed with Albendazole (FECR%=49%) in Rukungiri and Kisoro districts respectively. Ivermectin was effective in all the four districts (FECRT% > 95%). Our study confirmed presence of Anthelmintic resistance (AR) by GIN in goats in the south western highlands of Uganda. Closantel is highly effective against GINs, but albendazole is not due to its wide spread usage. Further research is necessary to find and validate alternative strategies for the control of GINs in goats.