Fabrication and experimental characterization of d31 telescopic piezoelectric actuators (original) (raw)
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Piezoelectric actuators have been commercialized in various areas such as information technology, robotics, bio-, medical engineering, ecological and energy engineering. This paper reviews their recent application developments and foresees the future of piezoelectric actuators. The advantages of piezoelectric devices over electromagnetic (EM) types are summarized [10]: a. More suitable to miniaturization-From the market research result for 80 Japanese component industries in 1992, tiny motors in the range of J Electroceram (
DEFORMATION AND FORCE CHARACTERISTICS OF LAMINATED PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATORS
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ii ii This research discusses the mechanical characteristics of laminated piezoelectric actuators that are manufactured at an elevated temperature, to cure the adhesive bonding the layers together, or to cure the layers made of polymeric composite material, and then cooled to a service temperature. Mainly discussed are actuators that are composed of layers of passive materials and a layer of piezoelectric material. THUNDER (THin layer UNimorph ferroelectric DrivER and sensor) and LIPCA (LIghtweight Piezo-composite Curved Actuator) actuators, which consist of layers of metal, adhesive and piezoelectric material, and carbon-epoxy, glass-epoxy and piezoelectric material, respectively, are studied and investigated in detail to understand the thermal effects due to the elevated manufacturing temperature. Owing to the large out-of-plane deformations of the THUNDER actuators as a result of cooling to the service temperature, inclusion of geometric nonlinearities in the kinematic relations is taken into consideration for prediction of the thermally-induced deformations and residual stresses. The deformations and residual stresses are predicted by using a 23-term Rayleigh-Ritz approach and more rigorous, time-consuming, finite-element analyses performed with ABAQUS. The thermally-induced deformations of THUNDER actuators can result in multiple room-temperature manufactured shapes, whereas those of LIPCA actuators (LIPCA-C1 and LIPCA-C2) exhibit single room-temperature manufactured shape. Actuation responses of these actuators caused by a quasi-static electric iii iii field applied to the piezoelectric layer are also studied with the Rayleigh-Ritz approach. It is shown that geometrical nonlinearities play an important role in the actuation responses, and these nonlinearities can be controlled by the choice of actuator geometry and the materials in the passive layers. In addition, blocking forces representing load-carrying capability of THUNDER and LIPCA actuators are determined. Support conditions and again geometrical nonlinearities are vital factor in load-resisting performances. Amongst the actuators considered, the actuated deflection and blocking forces are compared. Finally, based on the outcome of this study, new criteria for designing a new type of laminated piezoelectric actuators with improvement of performance characteristics are proposed. iv iv DEDICATION To my mother and my father, whose love to me is never ended v v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS During the course of my Ph.D. study, there are many people who have taught, supported, and assisted me. The one whom I must single out and acknowledge first is my own research advisor, Professor Michael W. Hyer. Without his intelligent guidance, consistent support, and opportunity and time given to me, this dissertation would never have existed. I also would like to thank Professors R. C. Batra, M. R. Hajj, E.R. Johnson, and S.
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This paper presents the results of measurements of free displacement and blocked force generated from piezo-composite unimorph actuators made from three different substrate materials (aluminium, brass and mild steel) of different thicknesses. Values of free displacement and blocked force were compared with the results from a finite-element analysis. An actuator with stiffer substrate material provides relatively larger force and less displacement. Conversely, greater displacement and less force are obtained from a less stiff substrate. It is hoped that this information will be useful to designers in selecting the appropriate size and substrate material in applications, depending on whether the desired goal is large displacement or large force.