The response of a liquid scintillator detector to 21– neutrons (original) (raw)
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Nuclear Instruments and Methods, 1980
The associated particle technique, with a gas target, has been used to measure the absolute central neutron detection efficiency of two scintillators, (NE213 and NE102A) with an uncertainty of less than-+ 2%, over the energy range 1.5-25 MeV. A commercial n/3, discrimination system was used with NE213. Efficiencies for various discrimination levels were determined simultaneously by two parameter computer storage. The average efficiency of each detector was measured by scanning the neutron cone across the front face. The measurements have been compared with two Monte Carlo efficiency programs (Stanton's and 05S), without artifically fitting any parameters. When the discrimination level (in terms of proton energy) is determined from the measured light output relationship, very good agreement (to about 3%) is obtained between the measurements and the predictions. The agreement of a simple analytical expression is also found to be good over the energy range where n-p scattering dominates.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2015
A first comparison has been made between the pulse-shape discrimination characteristics of a novel 4 He-based pressurized scintillation detector and a NE-213 liquid-scintillator reference detector using an Am/Be mixed-field neutron and gamma-ray source and a high-resolution scintillation-pulse digitizer. In particular, the capabilities of the two fast neutron detectors to discriminate between neutrons and gamma-rays were investigated. The NE-213 liquid-scintillator reference cell produced a wide range of scintillation-light yields in response to the gamma-ray field of the source. In stark contrast, the 4 He-based detector registered a maximum scintillation-light yield of 750 keV ee to the same gamma-ray field. Pulse-shape discrimination for particles with scintillation-light yields of more than 750 keV ee was excellent in the case of the 4 He-based detector, and above 750 keV ee its signal was unambiguously neutron.
Measured response of a liquid scintillation detector to quasi- monoenergetic electrons and neutrons
Journal of Instrumentation, 2018
The response of a liquid scintillator (EJ-301) to monoenergetic electrons tagged by Compton backscattered gamma-rays has been measured using various radioactive -ray sources. It is observed that the measured electron response is linear up to an energy of 4 MeV. The resolution of the liquid scintillator at an energy 1 MeVee is found to be 11%. The pulse shape discrimination and pulse height response of the liquid scintillator for neutrons have been measured using the 7Li(p,n1)7Be*(0.429 MeV) reaction. A nonlinear response to mono-energetic neutrons for the liquid scintillator is observed at energies En=5.3 MeV, 9.0 MeV and 12.7 MeV. In addition, the measured response of the liquid scintillator for electrons and neutrons has been compared with simulated results obtained using the Monte Carlo based Geant4 toolkit.
Performance of a Large Volume Liquid Scintillation Detector for the Measurement of Fast Neutrons
2000
The KIMS collaboration is an experimental group searching for the Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) which is one of the strongest candidates of dark matter. In a WIMP search experiment, the neutron is an important background because the nuclear recoil signal of a neutron is indistinguishable from that of a WIMP. We have constructed a 20-liter liquid scintillation detector to measure the neutron background. We present the performance of the neutron detector, as well as its structure and electronics system. We have achieved a good neutron/gamma separation and a good position measurement. A position dependent energy calibration has also been performed to correct the nonlinear response of the detector for different particle incident positions.
Response to Neutrons and γ-rays of Two Liquid Scintillators
Journal of Nuclear Physics, Material Sciences, Radiation and Applications
UltimaGold TM AB and OptiphaseTrisafe are two liquid scintillators made by Perkin Elmer and EG & G Company respectively. Both are commercially promoted as scintillation detectors for α and β particles. In this work, the responses to γ-rays and neutrons of UltimaGold TM AB and OptiphaseTriSafe liquid scintillators, without and with reflector, have been measured aiming to use these scintillators as γ-rays and neutron detectors. Responses to γ-rays and neutrons were measured as pulse shape spectra in a multichannel analyzer. Scintillators were exposed to gamma rays produced by 137 Cs, 54 Mn, 22 Na and 60 Co sources. The response to neutrons was obtained with a 241 AmBe neutron source that was measured to 25 and 50 cm from the scintillators. The pulse height spectra due to gamma rays are shifted to larger channels as the photon energy increases and these responses are different from the response due to neutrons. Thus, UltimaGold TM AB and OptiphaseTrisafe can be used to detect γ-rays and neutrons.
Measurement and simulation of neutron response function of organic liquid scintillator detector
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2012
The response of the liquid scintillator array Nordball to neutrons in the energy range 1:5oT n o10 MeV has been measured by time of flight using a 252 Cf fission source. Fission fragments were detected by means of a thin-film plastic scintillator. The measured differential and integral neutron detection efficiencies agree well with predictions of a Monte Carlo simulation of the detector which models geometry accurately and incorporates the measured, non-linear proton light output as a function of energy. The ability of the model to provide systematic corrections to photoneutron cross-sections, measured by Nordball at low energy, is tested in a measurement of the two-body deuteron photodisintegration cross-section in the range E g ¼ 14218 MeV. After correction the present 2 Hðg; nÞp measurements agree well with a published evaluation of the large body of 2 Hðg; pÞn data.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 1994
A study of the n-y discrimination with NE213 and BC501A liquid scintillators, carried out with 40 and 56 MeV neutron beams, reflects different reaction channels involved in the detection process of high energy neutrons. Up to seven different reaction channels were identified in the pulse shape discrimination spectrum measured by a digital charge comparison method. The analysis of the energy spectra of the secondary particles allowed the cross sections for different reaction channels to be estimated as well. This is shown for the important 1Z C(n, d) reaction and the non-negligible contribution of the 12C(n, t) reaction to the total efficiency of the NE 213 liquid scintillator for neutrons .
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 1995
Neutron response functions of 12.7 cm diameter by 12.7 cm long BCSOlA organic liquid scintillator have been measured for energy range up to 135 MeV continuously with the TOF method. The measured response functions were compared with Monte Carlo calculations using some codes which are widely used. The comparison showed good agreement below 20 MeV, but some discrepancy above 20 MeV, owing to the inaccurate cross sections of carbon reactions and light yields of produced charged particles. Finally, the new response matrix which covered from 0 to 120 MeV based on the measured data was constructed by the help of calculation data.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2015
The neutron sensitivity of a cylindrical ⊘1.5 in. Â 1.5 in. LaBr 3 :Ce scintillation detector was measured using quasi-monoenergetic neutron beams in the energy range from 40 keV to 2.5 MeV. In this energy range the detector is sensitive to γ-rays generated in neutron inelastic and capture processes. The experimental energy response was compared with Monte Carlo simulations performed with the Geant4 simulation toolkit using the so-called High Precision Neutron Models. These models rely on relevant information stored in evaluated nuclear data libraries. The performance of the Geant4 Neutron Data Library as well as several standard nuclear data libraries was investigated. In the latter case this was made possible by the use of a conversion tool that allowed the direct use of the data from other libraries in Geant4. Overall it was found that there was good agreement with experiment for some of the neutron data bases like ENDF/B-VII.0 or JENDL-3.3 but not with the others such as ENDF/B-VI.8 or JEFF-3.1.