A lactogenic-immune-deficiency-syndrome in cows: unexplained phenomenon (original) (raw)
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For this study were carried out several tests of cow mastitis investigation – the most well known – which may lead to a presumptive diagnosis of clinical or subclinical mastitis, comparative evaluations, and with an emphasis on the value of cytological tests. The main goal of the research subject was to establish, precisely, the value of the advantages and disadvantages of cytological test (milk cytogram) in compare with other diagnostic tests, such as: R-Mastitest, electrical conductivity, somatic cell count and bacteriological exam. Also, in order to achieve our main goal, we will be able to establish the minimum number of indirect and direct examinations, which may indicate, with certainty, the installation of an infectious process in the mammary gland. The installation and the evolution of cattle mastitis affect the quality and quantity of milk products and represent a potential risk factor for other cows from the same habitat. In a well managed farm, subclinical mastitis, together with the clinical cases, should be effectively and rapidly detected. Any mastitis type can produce changes in the composition of the milk, but the magnitude and variety of them depend on the inflammatory response induced (6). In other words, changes in the composition of milk secretion depend on the pathogenicity of bacteria and on the degree of deterioration in the mammary gland tissue, especially if they include alveolar epithelial secretory cells. The main changes which are found in the mammary gland, following the installation of infectious and inflammatory processes, include:-increased vascular permeability, which is followed by the penetration of protein enzymes and ions from the blood into the milk;-massive influx of phagocytes, which penetrate the mammary glandular cisterns;-decreased secretory ability of alveolar epithelial cells, manifested by decreasing the concentration of certain constituents of milk;-presence of substances produced as a result of inflammatory reactions, such as acute phase proteins in affected quarter`s milk (3, 7).
The prevalence of celiac disease (CD) has increased worldwide, which could be related to some dietary proteins in infant regimens and/or new food processes, affecting CD-predisposed infants and older children or adults differentially. IgA reactivity to human and bovine caseins, as well as yogurt caseins and prolamins from wheat or maize breads, microbial transglutaminase (mTG)-treated or not, was evaluated in three patient groups: G1, <2 years old; G2, ∼3 years old; and G3 >8 years old. Human caseins were not recognized by IgA, whereas IgA reactivity of G2 and G3 was higher to bovine milk caseins. Immunoreactivity of G1 to yogurt caseins was lower and comparable to controls, with no effects due to mTG treatment. However, mTG treatment increased reactivity of G3 to wheat and maize prolamins. IgA immunoreactivity of CD patients to caseins and mTG-treated or not prolamins was agedependent, which could reflect a differential manifestation of the effects of such proteins on the intestinal barrier.
Food and Agricultural Immunology, 2017
Despite the numerous benefits of milk constituents for human health a considerable number of the general population follow a milk-restricted diet due to clinically confirmed or self-assessed adverse reactions to cow's milk consumption. Recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAU) are currently one of the most common oral disorders, with a worldwide distribution and insufficiently defined etiology, which, among other factors, implies the immunological reaction to food proteins. The aim of this study was to determine the immune-reactivity to donkey's milk proteins in patients with RAU and compare it to the reactivity towards the proteins from cow's and goat's milks, in a set of simultaneous experiments. Levels of serum IgA, IgG and IgE antibodies to the same quantity of the examined antigens were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results indicate that patients with RAU with increased immunity to cow's milk proteins could consider the use of donkey's milk as the best protein source.
Kuzu Ve Oğlaklarda Kri̇ptospori̇di̇ozi̇ste Patoloji̇k Ve İmmunohi̇stoki̇myasal Bulgular
Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 2016
The present study examined the mammary glands and supramammary lymph nodes of cows with a history of abortion due to Brucella abortus, and presents the histopathological, immunohistochemical, and bacteriological results. The study included 11 Brucella-seropositive cows that aborted during their first gestation. Histopathologically, the mammary glands showed lymphoplasmacytic and histiocytic interstitial mastitis. The lymph nodes had lymphofollicular hyperplasia and medullary plasmacytosis. Immunohistochemistry results showed brucellar antigens, predominantly in the cytoplasm of macrophages, and neutrophils in the intralobular interstitium and periductal stroma in the udders of 3 cows. Desquamated alveolar epithelium also indicated intense immunopositivity. In the lymph nodes, macrophages containing the antigen were frequently observed in the medullary region. B. abortus biotype 3 was isolated from the udders and supramammary lymph nodes of 4 cows. Although the most specific procedure for diagnosing the disease is isolation of the causative organism, for suspected cases in which the bacteriologic culture is negative or the material is fixed in formalin, immunohistochemistry may be used as a diagnostic tool for the detection of Brucella organisms.
8- J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 84, Suppl. 1J. Dairy Sci. Vol. 89, Suppl. 1
sample at the rst milking after calving was analyzed for total IgG concentrations. Concentrations of Se in plasma were determined at-45, 0, 21, 42 and 60 d relative to calving. Glutathione peroxidase activity in plasma, neutrophil phagocytic activity and its oxidative metabolism were determined on days 0 and 42 postpartum. Each animal received an i.m. injection of 1 mg of ovalbumin at-45,-25 and 0 d relative to calving. Anti-ovalbumin IgG concentrations in serum were analyzed at every injection and at 21 and 42 d postpartum. Concentration of Se in plasma was similar (P = 0.38) for SY and SS throughout the study (0.107 vs 0.101 µg/mL). Glutathione peroxidase activity in plasma was not affected (P = 0.70) by source of Se. Concentration of IgG in colostrum was similar (P = 0.24) for SY and SS (60.9 vs 71.0 g/dL). Phagocytic and killing activities of neutrophils were inuenced (P < 0.01) by days postpartum, but not (P > 0.10) by source of Se. Similarly, the ability of neutrophils to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium was not (P > 0.10) inuenced by source of Se in stimulated and nonstimulated neutrophils. Incidence of retained placenta (SY=9.4 vs SS=8.6%), fever (SY=47.0 vs SS=44.7%), clinical ketosis (SY=22.1 vs SS=22.3%), displacement of abomasum (SY=2.5 vs SS=3.8%), and mastitis (SY=27.3 vs SS=25.1%) were not affected (P > 0.10) by source of supplemental Se, but a greater (P < 0.01) proportion of cows fed SY experienced acute metritis (21.3 vs 13.4%). Source of Se did not inuence health or immunological status of periparturient dairy cows.
The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue vétérinaire canadienne, 2010
Nine lactating dairy cows were evaluated because of eye lesions. Examination revealed mild to severe ulceration of the lower and/or upper eyelids, mild to severe swelling surrounding affected eyes, and profuse lacrimation. Lesions typically affected 1 eye, and involved the eyelid skin and conjunctiva. Oxytetracycline treatment led to cure within 2 wk.
Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2022
Epidemiological studies comparing risk factors for subclinical mastitis (SM) in organic (OP) and conventional dairy production systems (CP) are lacking. In 60 OP and 60 CP farms, 970 cows were used to study risk factors for SM at 31 days postpartum. Cows showing a positive (≥ 1+) California Mastitis Test (CMT) in at least one quarter, but without clinical symptoms, were classified SM-positive. For OP cows increased (P < 0.05) odds ratios (OR) for SM were found for other than Simmental and Simmental × Red Holstein breeds, for increasing number (> 27) of cattle on the farm, for the use of mineral feed supplements, for irregular milking intervals (< 12 and > 12 h/day), and for milk urea concentrations of 210.1-270 mg/dl, whereas decreased OR for SM were recorded for cows kept in barns on beddings other than on rubber mats or concrete, for farms with rinsing water temperatures of milking systems between 54.75 and 60°C, for milk lactose > 50.5 g/l, and for blood albumin levels of ≥ 38.5 g/l. For cows on CP farms, increased (P < 0.05) OR for SM were found for other than Simmental × Red Holstein and Simmental breeds, for a bedding area width of > 117 cm, and for antibiotic mastitis treatment since the last dry period, whereas reduced (P < 0.05) OR for SM were found for farms with a moderate (in contrast to good) hygiene status and for routine application of antibiotics during the dry period. Observed differences between OP and CP were assumed to be partially related to system-specific management, such as antibiotic dry cow therapy, nutrition and milking routine.
Acta Veterinaria Brno, 2014
Passive transfer of immunity in dairy calves is routinely monitored in North America. This study analyzes such type of biochemistry monitoring in 591 calves (Holstein, Fleckvieh) from 19 large farms in the Czech Republic. All calves, aged 1–6 days, were blood sampled once. Serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, zinc sulphate turbidity units and γ-glutamyltransferase activity were analysed by photometry methods. The samples were divided according to concentrations of total protein and zinc sulphate turbidity units, and the age of calves. These groups were compared using nonparametric tests. The samples had good mean values (total protein 63.5 g·l-1, albumin 30.5 g·l-1, zinc sulphate turbidity 11.5 U, γ-glutamyltransferase 10.7 μkat·l-1) but 41% and 54% of calves had low total protein (< 60 g·l-1) and zinc sulphate turbidity (< 12 U), respectively. The calves with low total protein showed markedly worse values in all indicators (P < 0.001). The groups according to zi...
Oral Diseases, 2009
OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to determine the incidence of serum antibodies to gliadin and to cow's milk proteins (CMP) using ELISA test, within patients who have recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAU). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifty patients with recurrent aphthous ulcers and fifty healthy people were included in this research. Levels of serum IgA and IgG antibodies to gliadin and IgA, IgG and IgE to CMP were determined using ELISA. RESULTS: The levels of serum antigliadin IgA and IgG antibodies were not significantly higher in patients with RAU in comparison with the controls (P = 0.937 and P = 0.1854 respectively). The levels of serum anti-CMP IgA, IgG and IgE antibodies were significantly higher in patients with RAU in comparison with the controls (P < 0.005, P < 0.002 and P < 0.001 respectively). In general, the increased humoral (IgA or IgG) immunoreactivity to CMP was found in 32 of 50 patients, while 17 of them showed the increased levels of both IgA and IgG immunoreactivity to CMP. At the same time, 16 out of 50 patients had IgA, IgG and IgE immunoreactivity to CMP. CONCLUSION: These results indicate the strong association between high levels of serum anti-CMP IgA, IgG and IgE antibodies and clinical manifestations of recurrent aphthous ulcers. Oral Diseases (2009) 15, 560-564