Short-Term Coagulation Complications Following Total Knee Arthroplasty (original) (raw)
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Incidence and Time Course of Thromboembolic Outcomes Following Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty
Archives of Internal Medicine, 1998
Background: Little is known about the incidence and time course of clinical thromboembolic events after total hip or knee arthroplasty, particularly after hospital discharge. Methods: We used a linked hospital discharge database provided by the State of California to identify cases diagnosed as having deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism within 3 months of unilateral total hip or knee arthroplasty. Also, we surveyed orthopedic surgeons to estimate the frequency of postoperative thromboprophylaxis during July 1991 through June 1993. Medical charts were audited to determine the accuracy of the coded records. Results: Among 19 586 primary hip and 24 059 primary knee arthroplasties, the cumulative incidence of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism within 3 months of surgery was 556 (2.8%) after hip arthroplasty and 508 (2.1%) after knee arthroplasty. The diagnosis of throm
The Journal of Arthroplasty, 2008
Our objective of the study was to address the question: "What is the efficacy of a deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolus prophylaxis protocol after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in which low-risk patients had only aspirin and mechanical devices for prophylaxis?" A multimodal approach to DVT prophylaxis using aspirin as the primary mode of chemoprophylaxis was successful in preventing DVT-related morbidity and mortality in 312 consecutive TKAs performed in low-risk patients. There were no DVT-related deaths and no deaths in general at 90 days of follow-up coupled with a low rate of readmission for thromboembolic events and no readmissions or reoperations from bleeding in this group. This lowmorbidity, low-cost prophylaxis should be considered an appropriate protocol for low-risk patients undergoing TKA. Of all TKAs performed during the time period of the study, 73% qualified for the low-risk group.
Acute Arterial Thrombosis After Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty
The Journal of Arthroplasty, 2008
Arterial thrombosis is a rare complication of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The overall incidence of arterial complications after TKA, including arterial occlusion, arteriovenous fistula, arterial aneurysm, and arterial severance, varies between 0.03% and 0.17% in reports published in the orthopedic literature (J Vasc Surg 1994;20:927-932). We report a case of acute popliteal artery thrombosis and its sequelae immediately following bilateral TKA performed sequentially under the same anesthesia. This is the first reported case of a post-TKA popliteal artery thrombosis in a patient younger than 60 years without the commonly accepted risk factors.
Journal of Arthroplasty, 1997
A consecutive series of 1,390 primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) procedures (1,201 patients, 1,600 arthroplasties) performed between January 1980 and July 1994 were reviewed to establish the incidence of death from pulmonary embolism (PE). Nine hundred twenty-three bi-or tricompartment TKAs and 467 unicompartment TKAs were performed as one-stage procedures. Chemical thromboprophylaxis was used only in high-risk cases in which there was a history of previous thromboembolism or obesity. There were no deaths from PE after unicompartment arthroplasty procedures. Autopsy confirmed PE as the cause of death in 2 patients following bi-and tricompartment TKAs (0.22%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03-0.8%). The incidence was higher for one-stage bilateral TKA as 1 of the autopsy-confirmed deaths occurred in this group 0.7% (95% CI, 0.02-3.78%). Two other deaths were certified without postmortem examination (pneumonia and myocardial infarction in each case). As PE could not be ruled out as the cause of death in the latter 2 cases, these were considered as possible PE deaths to provide the maximum possible death rate that could result. Thus, the maximum possible incidence of fatal PE after TKA without routine use of chemical anticoagulation was 0.4% (95% CI, 0.1-1.I%). It is concluded that the risk of fatal PE after unilateral TKA and unicompartment knee arthroplasty is low. The risk of clinical, nonfatal thromboembolic events, which might themselves warrant prophylaxis, was not quantified in this article.
2014
Background: Deep venous thrombosis (DVT), which is often associated with pulmonary embolism (PE), is a serious complication after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In the present study, we examined the overall thrombotic and thrombolytic status using Global Thrombosis Test (GTT) in non-anticoagulated blood of patients undergoing TKA to develop the predictable marker for the incidence of DVT. Methods: DVT was diagnosed using doppler ultrasonography a day after the surgery in 31 patients with osteoarthritis (n = 24), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 6) and ankylosing spondylitis (n = 1) by the well-trained operator. We measured overall thrombotic and thrombolytic status using GTT and other biomarkers, which is associated with blood coagulation and fibrinolysis, before and immediately after the surgery. Results: Newly-generated DVT during the operation was detected in 11 of 31 patients (35.4%) 1 day after TKA. There were no differences in markers of coagulation (PT and APTT), platelet activity (platelet aggregation-induced by ADP and collagen) and fibrinolysis (FDP and D-dimer) between non-DVT and DVT group both before and after the surgery. Both Pre-and Post-operative GTT-occlusion times (OT), an index of platelet reactivity, were tended to be shorter, but not significant, in DVT group compared with non-DVT group. Pre-operative GTT-lysis time (LT), an index of thrombolytic activity, was significantly shorter in DVT group compared with non-DVT group, while there were no differences in post-operative value of this index between DVT group and non-DVT group, suggesting overall thrombolytic activity was enhanced in DVT group before surgery. Conclusions: Our data suggest that enhancement of pre-operative thrombolytic activity assessed by GTT may be a predictable marker for the incidence of DVT after TKA.
Venous thromboembolism incidence in unilateral versus bilateral total knee joint replacement
MOJ Orthopedics & Rheumatology, 2018
Background: The commonest joint replacement performed around the world as well as in Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, is total knee joint replacement (TKR). Bilateral TK requires single anesthesia, short hospital stay, single rehabilitation, and is cost-effective. However, some post-TKR risks have been reported. Objective: To determine the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) associated with bilateral TKR. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery in PSMMC. Data on arthroplasties performed during June 2012 until June 2014 were retrieved. A total of 181 patients who had undergone TKR (unilateral = 94; bilateral = 87) for knee arthritis were included in the study. The patients had undergone primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using a mechanical compressive device and had received pharmaceutical prophylaxis. Color Doppler ultrasonography was performed for the bilateral common femoral veins, superficial veins, popliteal veins, and calf veins by a skilled radiologist for all symptomatic (VTE symptoms) patients. Lower-extremity venography dynamic computed tomography was performed for patients suspected of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE). Results: A total of 181 patients had TKR. Of these patients, 84 (46.41%) were male and 97 (53.59%) were female. VTE was diagnosed in 4 patients (2.21%) only. A preoperative anticoagulant was given to 58 patients (32.04%) only. The mean age of the 4 patients diagnosed with VTE was 73.5±7.93 years. Among these patients, 2 (50%) were male and 2 (50%) were female. Only 1 patient (25%) underwent unilateral TKR and the remaining 3 patients (75%) underwent bilateral TKR. Regarding type of VTE, 2 patients (50%) had PE, 1 patient (25%) had massive PE, and 1 patient (25%) had DVT. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates a low frequency of VTE after TKR in patients with and without chemoprophylaxis. Even so, orthopedic surgeons should carefully consider the risk factors of VTE before performing major orthopedic surgeries and should remain aware of the possibility of the development of DVT after surgery in high-risk patients.
Prevention of Deep Vein Thrombosis After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 1991
Enoxaparin, a low-molecular-weight heparin, has been used together with spinal or general anaesthesia in a prospective, randomised study of 188 consecutive elective hip replacements. Bilateral venography was performed on all patients on day 13 after operation. Group I (65 patients) received spinal anaesthesia and no immediate injection ofenoxaparin. Group II (61 patients) received spinal anaesthesia and 20 mg of enoxaparin one hour after the onset of anaesthesia. Group III (62 patients) was operated on under general anaesthesia
Instructional course lectures, 2008
Venous thromboembolic disease is the single most common reason for readmission to the hospital following total hip and total knee arthroplasty and remains a genuine threat to the life of the patient. Nevertheless, advances in surgical procedure, anesthetic management, and postoperative convalescence have altered the risks of venous thromboembolism after total joint arthroplasty in the lower extremity. Regional anesthetic techniques reduce the prevalence of venographic thrombosis by approximately 50%, and intraoperative monitoring has identified preparation of the femoral canal as the sentinel event that activates the coagulation cascade by the intravasation of marrow fat into the systemic circulation. Prevention of venographic thrombosis is most efficacious by administering fractionated heparin followed by warfarin; warfarin (international normalized ratio 2.0) appears to have a greater safety margin than fractionated heparin based on clinically meaningful bleeding events. Preventio...
Prevention of deep-vein thrombosis after total knee replacement
The journal of bone and joint surgery, 1999
T he optimal regime of antithrombotic prophylaxis for patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has not been established. Many surgeons employ intermittent pneumatic compression while others use low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) which were primarily developed for total hip arthroplasty. We compared the efficacy and safety of these two techniques in a randomised study with blinded assessment of the endpoint by phlebography. We randomised 130 patients, scheduled for elective TKA, to receive one daily subcutaneous injection of nadroparin calcium (dosage adapted to bodyweight) or continuous intermittent pneumatic compression of the foot by means of the arteriovenous impulse system. A total of 108 patients (60 in the LMWH group and 48 in the mechanical prophylaxis group) had phlebography eight to 12 days after surgery. Of the 47 with deep-vein thrombosis, 16 had received LMWH (26.7%, 95% CI 16.1 to 39.7) and 31, mechanical prophylaxis (64.6%, 95% CI 49.5 to 77.8). The difference between the two groups was highly significant (p < 0.001). Only one patient in the LMWH group had severe bleeding. We conclude that one daily subcutaneous injection of calcium nadroparin in a fixed, weight-adjusted dosage scheme is superior to intermittent pneumatic compression of the foot for thromboprophylaxis after TKA. The LMWH scheme was also safe.
The Journal of Arthroplasty, 2012
This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of clinically significant venous thromboembolic events (VTE) in Asian patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) without anticoagulation. All patients who underwent TKA by a single surgeon from 2006 to 2010 in Singapore General Hospital were reviewed. Only symptomatic patients were referred for ultrasonography. Of the 531 patients reviewed, 3 patients developed symptoms of deep vein thrombosis with subsequent ultrasonographic confirmation, whereas 1 patient developed fatal pulmonary embolism without any clinical or radiologic evidence of deep vein thrombosis. Hence, the incidence of clinically significant VTE was 0.75%. Given the low incidence of clinically significant VTE, there is a need to review the current practice of routine chemoprophylaxis in Asian patients undergoing TKA. Keywords: venous thromboembolism, total knee arthroplasty, anticoagulation.