Infections of the lymphatic system (original) (raw)
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Spectrum of morphological changes in lymph nodes of HIV infected patients with lymphadenopathy
Indian Journal of Pathology and Oncology, 2020
Lymphadenopathy is frequent in persons with HIV infection, occurring either as one of the earliest manifestations of infection or as a finding at any time during the course of disease. The evaluation of lymph node morphology has been one approach to diagnosis and in understanding the nature of the immune dysfunction in these conditions. Aim: To identify the various causes of lymphadenitis and evaluate the various morphologic patterns in HIV positive patients with lymphadenopathy. Materials and Methods: Total eighty lymph node biopsies were examined. Six lymph nodes were found to be inadequate. The precise history of the patients which included ESR, fever, opportunistic infection, any other complaints, CD4+, CD8+ counts were noted. The different histological changes in the lymph nodes were evaluated. Special stain was used to detect the microorganisms. Results: Reactive hyperplasia was the most common cause of lymphadenitis. Type B pattern was seen in most of the patients. The type of pattern correlated with the CD4 counts. Tuberculosis was the most common opportunistic infection. Conclusion: Lymph nodes biopsy is a valuable tool in the evaluation of HIV positive patients to identify the cause of lymphadenopathy.
Evaluation of the patient with lymphadenopathy: Is it always easy to reach the correct diagnosis?
Medicine Science | International Medical Journal, 2021
Lymphadenopathy (LAP) is a common clinical problem in adult patients and should be thoroughly evaluated in a tertiary hospital to investigate its reasons. In this study, we aimed to present the demographic characteristics, etiology, diagnosis and follow-up results of the patients who applied with LAP symptoms and findings. This study was designed to include adult patients with neck, armpit, or groin swelling accompanied by symptoms, such as fever, night sweats, weight loss, cough and sputum between January 2010 and August 2017, retrospectively. Patients' data were collected from electronic files. Patients were diagnosed using radiological, histopathological, bacteriological, serological and other microbiological methods. Two hundred-thirty patients were included in this study. The mean age was 43.12±17.06 SD in males and 45.74±16.64 in females. On admission, the most common symptoms were night sweats (31%), fever (23%), weight loss (17%) and cough and/or sputum (13%) in order of frequency. However, 16% of the patients were asymptomatic. In this study, 157 (68.26%) patients were diagnosed. Tuberculosis (n=76; 33%), malignancies (n=28, 12.1%) and tularemia (N=14; 6.1%) were the most common diseases causing LAP that was most commonly located in the bilateral cervical chain. Lymphadenopathy should be evaluated comprehensively concerning diagnosing or ruling out many diseases that must be treated necessarily. Knowledge and awareness of the diseases as a cause of LAP may contribute to the early and correct diagnosis. Therefore, undiagnosed patients should be followed, and the institutions should develop policies for this purpose, such as telemedicine applications.
The Examination Results of Lymph Nodes in a Tertiary Health Center
2020
Introduction: Lymphadenopathy is the rapid or slow growth of lymph nodes. The differential diagnosis of lymphadenopathy frequently encountered in internal diseases, Ear Nose Throat and infectious diseases clinics has a wide range. The growth of lymph nodes is a common finding during physical examination and most of them are benign. It usually develops due to infectious, neoplastic or autoimmune diseases Localization of lymphadenopathies may also provide important clues in diagnosis. Lymphoma, toxoplasma, rubella, tuberculous lymphadenitis in cervical lymphadenopathies; gastrointestinal system malignancies or lymphoma in supraclavicular lymphadenopathies; In patients with axillary lymphadenopathies, infections such as lymphoma, brucellosis and catarrest disease are common. Objective: To review the diagnostic data of lymphadenopathies in the pathology department of the Faculty of Medicine of Ataturk University. Materials and Methods: The diagnostic results of lymph node excisions in A...
The National medical journal of India
In patients presenting with peripheral lymphadenopathy, excision biopsy of the most accessible lymph node provides material to establish an early diagnosis, and is important in the management of these patients. A retrospective study was done of 1724 lymph node biopsy specimens obtained from adult patients and submitted for histopathological examination over a 12-year period. About one-third (n = 614; 35.6%) of these patients had non-specific lymphadenitis. This included a heterogeneous group of disorders comprising benign follicular hyperplasia, reactive hyperplasia, marked follicular hyperplasia and reactive sinus histiocytosis. Tuberculosis lymphadenitis (n = 540; 31.3%) and malignancy (n = 447; 25.9%) were the other common causes. Of the 540 patients with tuberculosis lymphadenitis, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status was tested in 424 (78.5%) patients; of these, 34 patients (8%) were HIV-seropositive. Epithelioid granulomas with caseation necrosis were more frequently ...
The Evaluation of Lymphadenopathy in a Resource-Limited Setting
Cureus, 2022
Lymphadenopathy (LAP) refers to abnormalities in the size or consistency of lymph nodes. A wide range of etiologies contributes to the difficulty in diagnosing LAP, from mild self-limited viral infections to grave autoimmune diseases and malignancies. Detailed history-taking and a thorough physical examination are essential. Some physicians in developing countries may consider therapeutic testing. Certain groups may require additional evaluations and special treatment. When treating LAP, the etiology is targeted, but corticosteroids should not be administered before a complete diagnosis has been established due to their ability to mask the histological diagnosis of lymphoma and malignancy. This review aims to provide more straightforward and affordable methods available in almost all healthcare settings, especially those with limited resources.
Cytomorphological Profile and Patterns of Lymphadenopathy
International Journal of Current Research and Review
Background: Enlargement of lymph nodes or lymphadenopathy is one of the ubiquitous clinical presentations of patients attending the outpatient department (OPD). Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), as the initial investigation, has assumed importance in diagnosing various diseases. It is a cost-effective, reliable, immediate, preliminary, relatively little traumatic procedure compared to open biopsy. However, there is not always a specific diagnosis, thus providing ample information for further management and reducing the amount of open biopsy. Objectives: In the present study, we identified the pattern of diseases in the different anatomical locations of lymph nodes and the role of FNAC in the diagnosis of diseases. Materials and Methods: A two-year study of 920 cases of lymphadenopathy presenting to the Department from January 2016 to December 2017 taken up for our study. FNAC performed using a 23/24 gauge needle and a 20 ml syringe. Four of the prepared smears, two were fixed in alcohol and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Papanicolaou stain. Two smears air-dried, one stained with Leishman stain, and the other by May-Grunwald-Giemsa (MGG) stain. Special stains like periodic acid-Schiff for mucin (PAS) and Ziehl-Neelsen stain (ZN) stain for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) performed for the diagnosis of peculiar lesions. Results: Most common lesion observed in our study was reactive lymphadenitis (33.26%), followed by granulomatous lymphadenitis (28.15%), tubercular lymphadenitis (17.39%) and metastatic lesions (14.23%). Cervical lymphadenopathy found to be the most common site in our study. Conclusion: Our study highlighted the various morphological patterns and incidence of lymphadenopathy concerning various regions and sex. FNAC as a straightforward, cost-effective, relatively painless, quick, repeatable, and reliable method of investigation for lymphadenopathy and also very useful in developing countries like India where costly investigations are not easily affordable.
Histopathological analysis of lymph nodes in patient with clinical lymphadenopathy - 266 cases
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2016
Lymphadenopathy is one of the commonest clinical problems in patients being examined for various reasons or it may be a presenting sign or symptoms of the illness. 1,2 It is the most common cause of swelling in the neck and is one of the commonest presentations in inflammatory and neoplastic disorders. 3 Lymphadenopathy are either generalized or localized and signify. 4,5 Benign condition such as reactive hyperplasia, acute or chronic inflammation. A primary malignancy of the lymphoid system like Hodgkin or Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. A Metastatic lesion of a solid tumor. Generalized lymphadenopathy is seen in a large number of systemic illnesses while localized lymphadenopathy is more often seen with local infection or malignancy. 6. First step in developing better therapies is the recognition of distinct specific disease entities by pathologists. Since there is no specific treatment for most forms of reactive lymphadenopathy, even a non-specific diagnosis is ABSTRACT Background: Lymphadenopathy is one of the most common clinical presentations among patients of all ages. This study has undertaken to study the histological patterns in various non-neoplastic condition, lymphoma and metastatic carcinoma in patient with lymphadenopathy and to do the clinico-pathological correlation with respect to age, sex and site of lymph node involved. Methods: Total 266 cases of lymph node biopsy were studied, for a period of 28 months at Pathology department, Government Medical College, Surat, Gujarat, India. Tissues were adequately fixed in formalin and blocks prepared, sections cut and slides were prepared, stained by routine H&E stain. A complete and thorough histopathological examination of all the slides was undertaken. Results: A total of 266 cases were studied, age range was 1-75 years, 136 were males and 130 were females. Out of 266 cases, 96 cases (36%) were non-specific lymph node hyperplasia, 81 cases (31%) were of metastatic deposits in lymph node, 70 cases (26%) were of specific non neoplastic conditions and 19 cases (7%) were of lymphoma. Conclusions: Lymph node biopsy plays an important role in establishing the cause of lymphadenopathy. Among the biopsied nodes, non-specific lymph node hyperplasia was the most common followed by metastatic deposits, specific non neoplastic conditions especially tuberculous lymphadenitis and lymphoma. Non neoplastic conditions were more common in early age while neoplastic conditions were more common in late age. TB lymphadenitis was more common in HIV positive patients as compared to general population.
Aims and Objective-This study has been undertaken to evaluate the role of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive lymphadenopathy patients. Materials And Method-Forty HIV positive Patients with lymphadenopathy were subjected to FNAC over a period of eight months i.e. from January, 2011 to August, 2011 in pathology department in our tertiary care hospital. Aspiration was done as a routine procedure using 22 gauge needle with standard precautions after taking detailed clinical history and physical examination of the patients. Smears obtained were stained with May-Grunwald-Giemsa (MGG), Papanicolaou (PAP) and Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) stains. Special stain used was Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain for Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB). Result-Age distribution was noted between 5 years to 67 years during the present study. The peak incidence was noted in fourth decade of life (32.5 %). In HIV positive patients, lymphadenopathy showed male predominance, with the male: female ratio of 3.44:1. Cervical lymph nodes were the most common site encountered (62.5 %) as an initial affected site. FNAC results were classified as an inadequate material, non-neoplastic lesions and neoplastic lesions. The most common etiology associated with HIV was Tuberculous lymphadenitis (40.54 %) followed by acute suppurative lymphadenitis (27.03 %). Conclusion-FNAC is simple and safe investigative procedure for diagnosis of lymphadenopathy in HIV positive patients. It obviates surgical excision and guides subsequent therapy and management. Many opportunistic infections can also be found out with the help of this procedure.