Bioaccumulation of 4-nonylphenol and effects on biomarkers, acetylcholinesterase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase, in Mytilus galloprovincialis mussel gilla (original) (raw)
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2021
4-Nonylphenol (4-NP) is a breakdown product of nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE) and attains much concern because of its persistence and toxicity to aquatic organisms. 4-nonylphenol is a known endocrine disruptor and a legendary xenoestrogen. However, non-estrogenic impacts of 4-NP were scarcely studied in aquatic organisms. Hence, the present study evaluated the effects of sublethal concentrations of 4-NP (1.5, 2 and 2.5µl/l) on major carp, Labeo rohita in the intermediary and mitochondrial metabolism. Exposure to 4-NP shows significant changes in the activities of intermediary enzymes like glucose 6 phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, cytosolic malic enzyme and isocitrate dehydrogenase and mitochondrial enzymes like malate dehydrogenase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase when compared to the control (p<0.05). Therefore, the current study indicates that 4-NP at environment concentration impairs the activity of metabolic ...
Since it is often difficult to estimate possible adverse effects due to contamination in selected ecosystems, multi-species biomonitoring may provide more information, taking into account different routes of exposure, ecological roles and metabolic capabilities of animals. In this context, we exposed for 7 days the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and the crab Carcinus aestuarii to 4-nonylphenol (NP), a well-known xenoestrogen. In mussels (0–0.2 mg NP l À1), we measured NP bioaccumulation in soft tissues and vitellogenin (Vg)-like protein levels in digestive glands from both males and females by the alkali-labile phosphate assay (ALP). As no reference data were available for crab exposure, the NP 96-h LC 50 value was previously determined. Then, in sublethally exposed (0–1.0 mg NP l À1) male crabs, NP bio-accumulation and Vg levels were measured in hemolymph, gonads and digestive gland. Bioaccumulation of NP increased from 43 to 371 lg g À1 d.w. in mussels, and from 3.6 to 37 lg g À1 d.w. in crabs, depending on the NP concentration in water. Dose-dependent Vg-like protein induction was observed in both species, appearing to be related to NP bioaccumulation, although a partial decrease was recorded at the highest concentration tested. A similar trend was observed in both digestive gland and gonad of exposed crabs; Vg increased to a lesser extent, although significantly, in hemolymph. Results demonstrated that NP induces Vg synthesis both in male and female mussels, as well as in male crabs. On the basis of the responsiveness of both species investigated, a multi-species approach is indicated in biomonitoring programmes.
Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry, 2001
A very sensitive and efficient analytical procedure is presented for the determination of 4-nonylphenols (NP) in blue mussels by use of off-line coupling of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS). Combined steam distillation and solvent extraction were used to extract the analytes from the mussel samples. Before quantification by GC-MS the raw extracts were purified by normal-phase HPLC. 4-n-Nonylphenol was used as internal standard. The detection limit was 15 ng NP absolute, calculated from the blank value. The method was applied to the determination of NP in blue mussel samples from the German North Sea sampled over a period of 10 years. Collection, homogenization, and storage of the mussels were performed according to the Standard Operating Procedures of the German Environmental Specimen Bank since 1985. The total NP concentrations in the mussels decreased significantly from 1985 (4 microgram kg (-1)) to 1995...
Chemosphere, 2017
The changes of acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE), metallothioneins content (MTs), catalase activity (CAT) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were assessed after 4 days exposure of mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis to a wide range of sublethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos (CHP, 0.03-100 μg/L), benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P, 0.01-100 μg/L), cadmium (Cd, 0.2-200 μg/L) and copper (Cu, 0.2-100 μg/L). The activity of AChE in the gills decreased after exposure to CHP and Cu, whereas no change of activity was detected after exposure to B(a)P and Cd. Both induction and decrease of MTs content in digestive gland occurred after exposure to CHP and B(a)P, while a marked increase was evident at highest exposure concentrations of Cd. The content of MTs progressively decreased of MTs with increasing concentration of Cu. CAT activity and LPO in the gills did not change after exposure to any of the chemicals. The results demonstrate different response profile in relation to the type of chemical compound, and...