Effectiveness of weight management programs in children and adolescents (original) (raw)
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Guidelines for treating child and adolescent obesity: A systematic review
Frontiers in Nutrition, 2022
evaluate pharmaceutical and surgical interventions in children, and these were generally not recommended. It should be noted that this review addressed documents published in English only, and therefore the included guidelines were applicable predominantly to high-resource settings.
Treatment of overweight and obesity in children and youth: a systematic review and meta-analysis
CMAJ Open, 2015
A ccording to the World Health Organization, schoolaged children and youth (aged 5-19 years) whose weight is greater than the 85th centile are overweight, and those whose weight is above the 97th centile are obese; younger children (aged 2-5 years) must be over the 97th centile to be considered overweight and more than the 99.9th centile to be considered obese. 1 A recent Canadian Health Measures Survey (2009-2011) reported obesity prevalence among 5-to 17-year-olds at 11.7%, with an additional 19.8% classified as overweight. 2 In the United States, obesity prevalence among 2-to 19-year-olds (2009-2010) was reported at 16.9%, with another 14.9% considered overweight. 3 Obesity that begins in childhood usually persists into adulthood 4 and is associated with adverse outcomes including metabolic, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, neurologic, gastrointestinal, respiratory and psychosocial disturbances. 5-10 The predicted increase in childhood obesity has intensified the urgency of improving treatment approaches for the pediatric population. Treatment of childhood and adolescent obesity is an active area of research, and a number of systematic reviews have been published recently. 11-17 Comprehensive behavioural interventions including changes in diet, physical activity and lifestyles involving individual patients or families are
Treatment of Pediatric Obesity: An Umbrella Systematic Review
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2017
Multiple interventions are available to reduce excess body weight in children. We appraised the quality of evidence supporting each intervention and assessed the effectiveness on different obesity-related outcomes. We conducted a systematic search for systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials evaluating pediatric obesity interventions applied for ≥6 months. We assessed the quality of evidence for each intervention using GRADE (Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach. From 16 systematic reviews, we identified 133 eligible randomized controlled trials. Physical activity interventions reduced systolic blood pressure and fasting glucose (low to moderate quality of evidence). Dietary interventions with low-carbohydrate diets had a similar effect to low-fat diets in terms of body mass index (BMI) reduction (moderate quality of evidence). Educational interventions reduced waist circumference, BMI, and diastolic blood pressure (low quality of ev...
Journal of Adolescent Health, 2018
Adolescent obesity is a powerful predictor of morbidity and mortality, yet amenable to modifiable behaviors. To accurately summarize the effects of behavioral interventions on changes in adolescent body mass index and/or weight status, we assessed existing systematic reviews for reporting transparency and methodological quality. Methods: Five databases were searched through September 2017 to identify relevant systematic reviews. Reviews were evaluated for reporting transparency and methodological quality using PRISMA Reporting Checklist and Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews Instrument. Evidence was synthesized across high-quality reviews. Results: Four of twelve systematic reviews were of high methodological quality. All four focused on the treatment of overweight/obesity in adolescent populations, representing 97 international studies. Findings indicate intervention compared with no intervention/wait list showed larger effects for improving BMI/BMI z-scores. Small improvements (averaging a 3.7-kg decrease) in weight/weight percentile were observed following a supervised exercise plus dietary and/or behavior support intervention. Healthrelated quality of life may improve following interventions, but overall attention to associated psychological variables (depression, self-esteem/perception) is limited. Conclusions: Adherence to objective checklists and protocols for rigorous conduct and reporting of systematic reviews is warranted. Consensus evidence is urgently needed to define and report behavior change interventions related to obesity prevention and treatment.
Systematic Reviews
Background Childhood overweight and obesity is a global public health issue. Although there is evidence of a reduced prevalence in some countries, there is still much controversy about the efficacy of health interventions that aim to prevent and treat obesity in this specific population. The objective of the present study is to develop an overview of systematic reviews (OSRs) that assesses the effects of school-based, family, and multi-component health interventions for the prevention and treatment of obesity, change in physical activity, dietary, and/or hydration behaviors, and change in metabolic risk factors in school-aged children. Methods This protocol was developed using the methodology proposed by Cochrane. It outlines a comprehensive search in 12 electronic databases to identify systematic reviews of health interventions, including studies that evaluate and how to prevent and/or treat overweight and/or obesity in children aged 6 to 12 years. The risk of bias of the included ...
Evidence-Based Interventions for Pediatric Weight Control
The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 2011
Childhood obesity can lead to later life-threatening conditions that impact negatively on quality of life, morbidity and mortality outcomes. There are a considerable number of research studies, specifically interventions that have been conducted the last 2 decades with overweight children and their families. Yet, there is variability in the methodological rigor of the studies, and some of the more rigorous designs reported in meta-analyses are a challenge to implement in practice. Therefore, nurse practitioners who work with these children find it challenging to make feasible and effective recommendations. This paper describes a method that can be used to evaluate individual interventions that have been found effective for long-term weight control in children and adolescents. The RCTs from a 2009 meta-analysis of interventions for treating obesity in children and adolescents were evaluated for external validity using a generalizability assessment framework by Green and Glasgow. Pediatric nurse practitioners who deal with the complicated health challenges of obesity in children are best positioned to use evidence-based interventions to guide their recommendations to children and families. The framework presented in this paper will help guide their decisions on which interventions should be implemented.
Systematic reviews, 2014
Childhood overweight and obesity are associated with significant health consequences. Early and successful treatment of this public health issue is necessary. Although several intervention programs for children result in weight loss or stabilisation in the short term, preventing relapse after weight loss remains an important challenge. Weight loss maintenance approaches in childhood are thought to be promising, but a structured overview of these maintenance interventions is lacking. The aim of the systematic review described in this protocol is to provide an overview of reports published about maintenance interventions in childhood overweight and obesity following initial treatment, in order to guide future directions in the development of maintenance programs for childhood obesity. The electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Scopus, and SocINDEX will be searched for this review. Reference lists of eligible study reports will be scann...
2006
Objective: Preventive measures to contain the epidemic of obesity have become a major focus of attention. This report reviews the scientific evidence for medical interventions aimed at preventing obesity during childhood and adolescence. Design: A systematic literature review involving selection of primary research and other systematic reviews. Articles published until 2004 were added to an earlier (2002) review by the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care. Methods: Inclusion criteria required controlled studies with follow-up of at least 12 months and results measured as body mass index, skinfold thickness or the percentage of overweight/obesity. Children could be recruited from normal or high-risk populations. Results: Combining the new data with the previous review resulted in an evaluation of 24 studies involving 25 896 children. Of these, eight reported that prevention had a statistically significant positive effect on obesity, 16 reported neutral results and none reported a negative result (sign test; P ¼ 0.0078). Adding the studies included in five other systematic reviews yielded, in total, 15 studies with positive, 24 with neutral and none with negative results. Thus, 41% of the studies, including 40% of the 33 852 children studied, showed a positive effect from prevention. These results are unlikely to be a random chance phenomenon (P ¼ 0.000061). Conclusion: Evidence shows that it is possible to prevent obesity in children and adolescents through limited, school-based programs that combine the promotion of healthy dietary habits and physical activity.