Research on Environmental Pollution When Using Shielded Metal Arc Welding (Smaw) (original) (raw)
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THE EFFECTS OF ARC WELDING HAZARDS TO WELDERS AND PEOPLE SURROUNDING THE WELDING AREA
Arc welding is a family of fusion welding processes that utilizes heat of an electric arc for the purpose of welding. In every arc welding method, safety should be the paramount consideration. It requires the most protection of the face, body and welding area during welding to reduce the welding hazards to welders and non-welders. The intensity of the arc produces strong ultraviolet and infrared radiation, fumes and dusts. Any person exposed during the welding process can be affected. This paper is adapted from different publications to provide an overview of welding hazards, health effects and safety measures. The review describes information currently available from different published research works. It involves the group of people that can be affected by arc welding hazards including arc welders, the crafts constitute the subset of welding group, passerby, bystanders and residents near the welding shop. It has been revealed from different studies that the profession is very hazardous and most of the stakeholders involved possess limited knowledge of welding hazards and hence to avoid these hazards, it is advised to abide to all safety measures.
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Shielding gas composition is an important parameter for successful gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and has been shown to affect the fume formation rate (FFR). The present paper compares thirteen shielding gases and their impact on FFR in spray transfer. In Ar-based mixtures, increasing CO 2 had a greater impact than raising O 2 on FFR. When O 2 was increased in ternary mixtures, the FFR increased for Ar-5%CO 2 but no discernable increase was observed for the Ar-12%CO 2 mixtures. Ar-He-CO 2 mixtures had the most stable FFR's. The FFR for 100% CO 2 was significantly higher due to the change in weld transfer mode to globular and increased spatter. Results indicate that CO 2 additions in Ar-based shielding gases are the controlling factor in determining FFR due to the effect of CO 2 on welding arc characteristics. There was no obvious influence from the shielding gas on particle composition and fume particles were identified as (Fe,Mn) 3 O 4 .
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Hazard of Ultraviolet Radiation Emitted in Gas Metal Arc Welding of Mild Steel
Journal of occupational health, 2016
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) emitted during arc welding frequently causes keratoconjunctivitis and erythema in the workplace. The degree of hazard from UVR exposure depends on the welding method and conditions. Therefore, it is important to identify the UVR levels present under various conditions. We experimentally evaluated the UVR levels emitted in gas metal arc welding (GMAW) of mild steel. We used both a pulsed welding current and a non-pulsed welding current. The shielding gases were 80% Ar + 20% CO2 and 100% CO2. The effective irradiance defined in the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists guidelines was used to quantify the UVR hazard. The effective irradiance measured in this study was in the range of 0.51-12.9 mW/cm(2) at a distance of 500 mm from the arc. The maximum allowable exposure times at these levels are only 0.23-5.9 s/day. The following conclusions were made regarding the degree of hazard from UVR exposure during the GMAW of mild steel: (1) It i...
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