Acute Toxicity Evaluation, Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Effects of Melastoma malabathricum (original) (raw)
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Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2014
The study is aimed to evaluate the antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity properties of the Methanol extract of Melastoma malabathricum (MMML). The antibacterial of the Methanol extract of M. malabathricum leaves (MMML) was assessed against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by disk diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration and direct-TLC bioautography. In addition, the antioxidant activity was detected by DPPH radical scavenging activity and cytotoxicity property was determined by MTT assay. The data obtained from disk diffusion method and (MICs) values showed that the MMML possesses antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with various values. In addition, direct TLC-bioautography revealed the presence of antibacterial components. The MMML exhibited higher antioxidant activity equal to standard antioxidant ascorbic acid accompanied with low cytotoxicity. Therefore, the MMML has potent antibacterial and antioxidant activities that are strongly associated with its ethno medicinal values.
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015
Objective: The initial study was to screen the phytochemical content of methanol extract of M. malabathricum from seven different locations. The other objective was to evaluate the total phenolic content (TPC), Total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant potential and cytotoxic activity (on Hepatoma G2 cells) of these extracts and to determine the relationship between TPC and other parameters. Methods: The preliminary phytochemical screening for the presence of the secondary metabolite was carried out according to standard procedures. The TPC, TFC and antioxidant activity were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu method, aluminium chloride (colorimetric) methodand1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity respectively. Results: Qualitative phytochemical screening showed the presence of tannins, analkaloid, steroids, flavonoid, phenols, terpenoids and fixed oil but tested negative for the presence of glycoside and saponins. The samples were found to have high TPC and antioxidant activity. The Bachok Kelantan sample (L7) showed highest phenolic content (671.51±50.07 mg of GAE/g) as well as highest DPPH free radical scavenging activity (80.81% and IC50 102 µg/ml). The highest cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cells (IC50 1.4 µg/ml) was shown by KualaTerengganu, Terengganu sample (L1). The Spearman correlation showed that, there is a strong positive correlation between TPC and antioxidant activity (r = 0.714) as well as strong negative correlation between MTT IC50 Conclusion: The phenolic compounds are associated with the cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of M. malabathricum, whereas flavonoids are poorly and weakly associated with cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of M. malabathricum respectively. The total phenolic content, mean flavonoid content and mean antioxidant activity of M. malabathricum from different locations were significantly different across seven locations (p<0.05). and TPC (R =-0.649) of M. malabathricum from different locations. Moreover, there is a weak positive correlation between TFC and antioxidant activity (R = 0.286, p= 0.535). Also, there is poor correlation between TFC and cytotoxicity (R =-0.216, p= 0.64).
Nusantara Bioscience
Cengkodok plants (Melastoma malabathricum L.) from the Melastomataceae tribe have properties as a fever reliever (antipyretic), pain reliever (analgesic), relieve swelling, and treat burns or bleeding wounds. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity, total phenol content, total flavonoids and, MIC value of ethanol extract of M. malabathricum leaves against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The method used in this study was the antioxidant activity was carried out using DPPH test, the total phenolflavonoid content by using gallic-quercetin acid comparison and measurement with Spectrophotometry UV/Vis. Antibacterial activity was carried out by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Antioxidant activity in this study showed is IC50 value = 5.28µg/mL. Chemical constituents total phenols are 36.645 ± 5.14%, and total flavonoids is 4.163 ± 0.2%. Antibacterial activity MIC values obtained at a concentration of 6.25 mg/mL against B. cereus with a diameter of 8.28 mm ± 0.225, against B. subtilis with a diameter of 8.53 mm ± 0.275, against S. aureus with a diameter of 7.23 mm ± 0.275, against S. epidermidis with a diameter of 6.18 mm ± 0.104; MIC values obtained at a concentration of 1.56 mg/mL in E. coli with a diameter of inhibition zone 6.77 ± 0.72 mm, P. mirabilis with a diameter of inhibition zone 6.32 ± 0.19 mm, and P. aeruginosa with a diameter of inhibition zone 6.40 ± 0.26 mm. The characteristic of the combination of c leaf ethanol extract, and Amoxicillin towards S. epidermidis and B. subtilis with FICI value is one categories additive; P. aeruginosa with FICI value is two categories indifferent; E. coli, B. cereus, S. aureus, and P. mirabilis with FICI value is 0.5 categories synergistic.
2023
Melastoma malabathricum Linn. is a traditional medicinal plant used to treat wounds, infections, and diabetes. We investigated the phytochemical content, thinlayer chromatography (TLC) profile, and pharmacological properties of M. malabathricum. An ethanolic extract of M. malabathricum was prepared and subjected to phytochemical screening and analysis of the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). TLC was performed to characterize the constituents. Antioxidant activity was measured using the 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Antibacterial activities against antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterococcus faecium, and Klebsiella pneumoniae) were determined using a resazurin-based assay. Hypoglycemic activity was determined using the alpha-glucosidase inhibition assay. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, polyphenols, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and saponins. TPC was 298.68±7.79 mg GAE/g, and TFC was 37.34±1.87 mg QE/g. The ethanolic extract inhibited DPPH free radical formation by 82.59% (IC50, 57.98±2.80 μg/mL) and was active against the grampositive pathogens E. faecium and MRSA (MICs, 4 mg/mL and 8 mg/mL, respectively). In addition, the extract inhibited alpha-glucosidase activity more potently (99.35%) than the positive control, acarbose (93.57% inhibition). Overall, this study demonstrates M. malabathricum contains bioactive compounds with antioxidant, antibacterial, and potent hypoglycemic activities. These pharmacologic activities support the traditional use of this plant in the management of infections and diabetes.
Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2019
ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to explore phytochemical profiling, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of four medicinal plants including Catharanthus roseus, Aegle marmelos, Moringa oleifera, and Ageratum conyzoids grown in Sylhet district, Bangladesh. In this study, total 11 phytochemicals were screened from methanol extract of four medicinal plants, wherein flavonoid, tannin, sterol, phenol were present in all four medicinal plants. In vitro, antioxidant activity of these medicinal plants extract was investigated by DPPH-radical scavenging assay. The Aegle marmelos exhibited the highest antioxidant activity followed by Moringa oleifera, Ageratum conyzoids, and Catharanthus roseus extract. Methanolic extracts of same medicinal plants were subjected to a test of their antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., Pseudomonas sp .and Salmonella sp. by agar disc diffusion method. The highest antibacterial potential was observed in the extract of Aegle marmelos against Salmonella sp. followed by Catharanthus roseus against Pseudomonas sp .with zone of inhibition of 18.67 mm, 15.0 mm, respectively. This study confirmed the efficacy of some native medicinal plants extract as potential source of phytochemicals, along with natural antioxidant and antimicrobials, which provide new possibilities to employing them against disease causing test organisms.
Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Various Meliaceae Plants Extract
2023
Meliaceae plant is a large, evergreen plant which extracts are rich in natural promising compounds with numerous bioactivities including antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of phenolic and flavonoid which were investigated using DPPH and ABTS methods. In addition, MCF7 cells were also used to assess the cytotoxic activities of 11 potential extracts derived from various Meliaceae plants family with MTT assay. Antioxidant activity as a scavenger of large DPPH free radicals is known to have a small IC 50 value. The highest antioxidants are in Toona ciliata leaves extract with the IC 50 value of 7.68 μg/mL, while the lowest DPPH antioxidants are in Aglaia foveolata twig with the IC 50 value of 256.07 μg/mL. As for the ABTS antioxidant showed the highest value are in Aglaia tomentosa-Bengkulu with the IC 50 value of 8.91 μg/mL, while the lowest is Aglaia foveolata leaves (IC 50 of 1170.2 μg/mL). Moreover, MCF7 epithelial cells challenged with the extract showed a concentration dependent increase in cytotoxicity. Based on MCF7 inhibition, Aglaia foveolata leaves had enough active cytotoxic activity followed by Dysoxylum parasiticum-Jawa, Dysoxylum parasiticum-Sumatera, Aglaia tomentosa-Central Sulawesi and Aglaia faveolata stem bark. The IC 50 value is focus on Aglaia foveolata i.e., leaves and stem bark part of plant, namely 72.4 and 103.2 μg/mL, respectively. In this study, the highest free radical scavenging activity and also antimicrobial activity was exhibited by the methanolic extract of Toona ciliata leaves. It suggests that Toona ciliata leaves extract may become a promising antioxidant of Meliaceae. Moreover, remarkable cytotoxic activity against MCF7 cell line was found for the methanolic extracts of Aglaia foveolta leaves. The phytochemical screening demonstrated the presence of different types of compounds like phenol, flavonoids, and others, which could be responsible for the obtained activities.
Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant and Antibacterial.pdf
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 2019
Five medicinal plants such as Melastoma malabathricum, Mimosa pudica, Ricinus communis, Solanum torvum, Alocasia macrorrhiza were employed to investigate the presence of various phytochemicals using different biochemical tests, to determine total phenolic content based on Folin-Ciocaltaeus reagent method, total flavonoid contents using aluminium chloride colorimetric method, antioxidant potentiality according to DPPH assay and antibacterial efficacy by disc diffusion assay of the selected medicinal plants. The phytochemical screening exhibited that the extracts were enriched with the existence of alkaloid, steroids, phenols, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponin, quinones, coumarins etc. Presence of phytochemicals varied from plant to plant. Quantitative analysis of phenolics revealed that Melastoma malabathricum contained maximum phenolics compound counting 76.29 mg/g gallic acid equivalent (GAE) of dry leaves powder. Total flavonoids content was found to be highest in Ricinus communis extract amounting 23.23mg/g quercetin equivalent(QE) of dry leaves powder. Mimosa pudica and Melastoma malabathricum extract possessed the highest free radical scavenging activity against DPPH. IC50 values, obtained by DPPH activity, was very high in Heliotropium indicum (228.58µg/ml). In contrast, lowest value of IC50 was found in Mimosa pudica (32.46µg/ml) which was followed by Melastoma malabathricum (48.90 µg/ml) and Ricinus communis (54.84µg/ml). IC50 values were shown inversely proportional to the free radical scavenging activity. Furthermore, antibacterial activities of methanolic extracts of selected plant’s leaves were analyzed against five clinically significant organisms (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella sp, Staphylococcus aureus). Comparing six medicinal plants, the crude extract of Melastoma melabathricum and Solanum torvum exhibited potent antibacterial activity against all studied bacterial strains (11-16.75 mm zone of inhibition). Other four medicinal plant’s extracts showed antibacterial activity against different bacterial strains. To broaden this study, further in vivo models are essential for proving the effectiveness of leaves as candidate drug. Keywords: Medicinal plant, phytochemical, antioxidant, antibacterial activity
Bio-Guided Study on Melastoma Malabathricum Linn Leaves and Elucidation of Its Biological Activities
American Journal of Applied Sciences, 2013
The present study aimed to isolate and identify constituents with antibacterial activity from the methanol extract of Melastoma malabathricum leaves (MMML) through bioassay guided fractionation. Furthermore, the study scoped to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of M. malabathricum leaves fractions for possible protective effect of antoxidative constituents present in the fractions. The MMML extract was fractionated by Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC) to afford M. malabathricum leaves fractions (ML1-ML6) of increasing polarities. Antibacterial activity of plant extract, six fractions and two bioactive constituents against Staphylococcus aureus reference strain, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus reference strain (MRSA), eleven clinical MRSA isolates, three clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates and P. aeruginosa reference strain was evaluated using Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). The bioactive constituents responsible for antibacterial activity of MMML, fractions were detected by direct TLC-bioautography. The data obtained from MIC assay showed that ML5 effectively inhibited growth of all test bacterial pathogens. Direct TLC-bioautography revealed that ML5 had the highest number of antibacterial compounds. Following bioassay-guided fractionation, Kaempferol-3-O-(2", 6"-di-O-p-trans-coumaroyl)-β-glucopyranoside and Kaempferol were isolated from ML5. The structures of bioactive compounds were elucidated using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy from 1 HNMR and 13 CNMR. In addition, the cytotoxic effect of M. malabathricum leaves fractions (ML1-ML6) revealed that ML5 had the highest Cytotoxicity Concentration (CC 50) at 0.75 mg mL-1 , an observation traceable to the presence of flavonoids constituents with antioxidant properties. Therefore, the results clearly indicate that MMML, fractions and bioactive constituents have profound antibacterial activity. Furthermore, antioxidative compounds from ML5 fraction exert their effects by enhancing the level of CC 50 .