SEROPREVALENCE OF TRICHINELLA SPP. IN PIGS AND KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES OF PIG FARMERS OF EASTERN AND MIDWESTERN REGIONS OF NEPAL (original) (raw)
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Serological evidence of Trichinellosis in local pigs of Nepal
Veterinary Parasitology, 2005
In Nepal, animal husbandry is a major source of income. Pig husbandry is practiced in rural, peri-urban, and urban communities. Free ranging ''back yard'' pigs and the practice of feeding offal is a very common management practice which potentially allows for the transmission of trichinellosis; however, this zoonosis has never been reported from this region. A total of 425 serum samples were collected from local pigs. These were initially screened by ELISA after which positive samples were examined by Western blot. This procedure identified two samples which had clear specific bands for Trichinella; however, muscle samples tested by HCL-pepsin digestion were found to be negative. If these highly specific serological analyses are confirmed, this would be the first report of trichinellosis in Nepal and a prevention program should be initiated to limit the access of pigs to open garbage dumps which exist both in towns and on farms. #
The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health
This epidemiological cross-sectional study was conducted in five major pig-producing districts of CDR, Nepal from November 2006 to April 2007. A total of 576 slaughtered pigs were randomly selected and diaphragmatic crus muscles (n=551), corresponding sera (n=487) and sera only (n=25) were collected from them. Meat samples were examined by pepsin digestion to evaluate for larvae of Trichinella spp. The sera were investigated using ELISA to evaluate for antibodies against T. spiralis. The doubtful and positive sera from the ELISA test were investigated by end-point ELISA, and the Western blot was used for confirmatory diagnosis. Pepsin digestion did not detect the larvae of Trichinella spp. AB-ELISA showed 2 positive and 14 doubtful results, out of 344 sera analyzed. End-point ELISA and the Western blot had revealed that all 16 samples were truly negative. A questionnaire revealed no rodent control (70%), left over feeding practices (65%), dumping of farm waste (82.5%) and uncooked meat was being used as feed (100%). This study reveals that Trichinella spp has a low prevalence.
Nigerian Journal of Parasitology, 2020
Trichinellosis is a cosmopolitan zoonotic disease that affects a large array of mammals, birds and reptiles caused by the eating of raw or undercooked pork containing Trichinella larvae. In this study, 200 pigs slaughtered at abattoirs and slaughter slabs within Kaduna Metropolis were screened for antibodies to Trichinella excretory-secretory (E/S) antigen using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). An overall prevalence rate of 16% was established. Age of the pigs revealed an association with trichinellosis (p-value=0.001) with juvenile and adult pigs recording prevalence rates of 5% and 11% respectively. Sex of the animals showed no significant association with trichinellosis but the females had a higher prevalence of 9.5% compared to the 6.5% of the males who had a greater odds (O=1.083) compared to the females (O=0.950). The farm management practices: intensive (1%), semi-intensive (2.5%) and extensive (12.5%) recorded a significant relationship with trichinellosis (p-value=0.001). Sources of the pigs whether markets, backyard farms or inheritance was significantly associated with trichinellosis (p-value=0.00) with backyard farm having the highest prevalence of 7%. Poor rodents control program, presence of snakes around and within piggery, feeding of pigs with dead animals and leftovers, lack of knowledge of pork-borne diseases, allowing pigs to scavenge and interaction of the pigs with stray pigs were very important predisposing factors to trichinellosis in pig farms established from this research. The result of this work therefore, is ofpublic health importance because meat and meat products are considered very important sources of daily protein in-take in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria. Keywords: Antibodies; ELISA; Kaduna Metropolis; Nigeria; trichinella; trichinellosis; predisposing factors; farm management.
International journal of life science and medical research, 2015
An experiment was conducted to detect antibodies against Trichinella in slaughtered pigs and to identify farm management practices and risk factors associated with trichinellosis in pigs and pig farms in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria. A total of 286 pigs, 186 from slaughterhouses and 100 from pig farms, were tested in this study. Serum samples collected from the slaughtered pigs were tested serologically for antibodies for Trichinella by ELISA using excretory-secretory (E/S) antigen. Out of the 186 pig serum samples collected from slaughtered pigs at the main pig abattoir in Kaduna Metropolis, 56 were from juvenile pigs (10.7%) and 130 from adult pigs (14.6%). Male pigs had a prevalence rate of 12.6%, which was slightly lower than that of the females (14.1%). An overall prevalence rate of 13.4% was observed in this study. The age and sex of the animals were not associated with the infection. Also, a survey of 100 slaughtered pigs from 100 pig farms was carried out. From the structured questionnaire administered, 90% of the pig farmers had scavenging pigs, 98% had seen rodents around and within their piggeries, 85% had no rodents control program, 70% feed their pigs with food leftovers, 4% had seen their pigs interact with stray pigs, 16% feed their pigs with dead animals, and 10% had seen snakes around their piggeries. Only 2% were aware of trichinellosis while 30% knew of pork-borne diseases. Significant association existed between all the risk factors studied in the backyard pig farms visited with trichinellosis except for factors such as rodents around and within pig pens. The result also classified the distribution of pig owners based on farm management practices into categories of extensive (55%), semi-intensive (40%), and intensive (5%) with prevalence rates of 96.4%, 70.0% and 0.0% respectively. The survey established serological evidence of trichinellosis in slaughtered pigs in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria.
Epidemiological Studies on Porcine Trichinellosis in Five States of North East India
Iranian Journal of Parasitology, 2019
Background: This study was carried out to evaluate the epidemiological studies of trichinellosis in five states of North East India from Apr 2016 to Dec 2017. Methods: Overall, 865 different meat samples for detection of Trichinella larvae and 1580 sera samples for detection of anti-Trichinella antibody were collected. Intensity of infection with Trichinella larvae in meat was determined by HCL: Pepsin digestion procedure and anti-Trichinella IgG in serum were detected using excretory/secretory antigens, according to validated ELISA. Results: No Trichinella larva was detected by HCL: Pepsin digestion method. However, four (0.25%) samples were seropositive for Trichinella IgG and four inconclusive results as per cut off value. The highest seroprevalence was observed in Meghalaya (0.41%) followed by Assam (0.27%) whereas no seropositive cases were recorded in Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram and Tripura. Conclusion: Trichinellosis is common in North East, India. However, it is suspected in ...
Veterinary World, 2022
Background and Aim: Trichinellosis is a neglected and emerging foodborne zoonosis in Africa. Trichinella infection occurs through the consumption of raw or undercooked infected meat and meat products. This study aimed to assess pigs' management practices and determine the exposure of pigs and warthogs to Trichinella spp. in the northern area of Senegal. Materials and Methods: Surveys and observations were carried out among 40 pig farmers to assess husbandry practices regarding Trichinella spp. life cycle. In addition, 201 pig meat juices and 83 warthog meat juices were extracted and tested for anti-Trichinella antibodies by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Most (97%) of farms practiced a traditional farming system with free-ranging of pigs in 85% of farms. Farms had local pig breed without housing and supplementary feeding. Some farmers (27.5%) used slaughter waste to feed pigs and farmers were not aware that free-range farming is a source of infection to Trichinella infection. They were also unaware that some pig diseases could be transmitted to humans. The seroprevalence of Trichinella infection was 10.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.6–15.2%) in pigs and 10.8% (95% CI: 4.16–17.52%) in warthogs with significantly higher seroprevalence in male (22.2%: 95% CI: 6.6–37.8%) compared to female (9.2%; 95% CI: 4.9–13.5%) (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The confirmation of exposure to Trichinella spp. in this area in pigs and warthogs shows a significant risk of transmission of this disease to humans if the farming conditions and the health surveillance system are not respected. However, control measures are needed to reduce any risk of transmission of Trichinella infection to humans.
Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2012
The aim of this study was to determine the presence of trichinellosis in backyard-farmed pigs and the risk factors associated with the infection in Zaria, Kaduna State. Serum samples were collected from 120 pigs selected at random from 50 small backyard farms, and the presence of Trichinella spp. antibodies was determined using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Data on farm management practices from the farms were obtained through the use of a structured questionnaire. The overall seroprevalence of Trichinella spp.-specific antibodies was 40 % (48/120) by ELISA. All the extensive farms sampled had at least one Trichinella-positive animal. The age and sex of the animals were not significantly (p>0.05) associated with the infection; however, the management systems, presence of rodents, rodent control, and access to dead pigs showed significant (p<0.05) association with Trichinella spp.-infected pigs on the farm. In conclusion, there was a high prevalence of antibodies to trichinellosis in backyard raised pigs in Zaria, and intensive pig farming with the adoption of proper biosecurity measures is advocated to prevent the transmission and spread of trichinellosis.
Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2015
Swine are implicated as one of the important contributors of foodborne infections in humans. Management systems influence presence of and exposure to infections. Trichinellosis, a neglected tropical disease is widely misdiagnosed due to its similarities in clinical signs to a lot of ailments. We investigated the prevalence of Trichinella specific antibodies in pigs raised under different management systems in Southwestern Nigeria. Blood samples (450) were collected from different pigs raised under intensive, semi-intensive and extensive management systems between January and December, 2010. Demographic factors like age and sex were also recorded. The overall prevalence of trichinellosis in Southwestern Nigeria was 10.89%. The extensive system had the highest prevalence (12.80%) followed by the semiintensive (10.00%) and intensive (9.00%) systems. The prevalence was 12.44%, 8.28% and 12.50% in adults, growers and weaners respectively. The males had a prevalence of 12.17% while females had a prevalence of 9.55%. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between ages and sexes. Farm observations revealed most intensively managed farms were neither rodent nor wildlife free. To enhance the chances of raising Trichinella infection-free pigs, adherence to strict biosecurity measures is recommended in intensive management.
2015
Trichinellosis is a food-borne parasitic zoonosis recognized for its importance to public health and for its economic impact, being one of the most common diseases in Romania. This study was conducted to evaluate the spatio-temporal trends related to the incidence of Trichinella infections in pigs raised in farms and in households in Romania, in order to obtain accurate information on the probability of occurrence for this parasite in pigs according to the raising system. Cumulative incidence-rates for Trichinella infections in pigs were determined for the 1994-2013 period and expressed as number of infected animals per 10,000 tested pigs. Between 1994 and 2013, in slaughterhouses supervised by local authority veterinary services, 49,076,180 muscle samples from pigs raised in farms were collected and analysed for Trichinella larvae. Out of them, 21,225 samples were positive, with an incidence-rate of 4.32/10,000 samples. At the same time, 22,259,233 samples from pigs raised in house...
Studies on Occurrence of Trichinella spp. in Pork Meat Sold in Goa and Assam States of India
International Journal of Livestock Research, 2018
Trichinellosis is rare but an important zoonotic disease around the world which occurs due to consumption of raw or under cooked pork infected with parasitic larvae of the genus Trichinella. The occurrence of Trichinellosis in domestic animal populations is mainly due to poor management practices which allow them to feed on meat infected with Trichinella. Certain parts of the India such as Goa and Assam are reported to have high demand for pork and pork products which is met through good piggery farming system. However, no significant study has been carried out on occurrence of trichinellosis in these states. Considering the above facts, the present study was carried out to know the exact burden or existence of Trichinellosis in pigs of Goa and Assam states of India. A total of 421 samples (diaphragm and tongue/masseter muscle) were collected from different retail pork shops from Goa (n=346) and Assam (n=75). The samples so obtained were subjected to Acid-pepsin digestion assay for the detection of Trichinella larvae. None of the samples were found to be positive for Trichinella spp. indicating very low or zero occurrence in Goa and Assam. Further studies should direct towards continuous monitoring and surveillance of trichinellosis in pigs, to declare pig industry in these regions free from Trichinella.