Upgrades of the tevatron electron lens (original) (raw)
Related papers
Tevatron electron lenses: Design and operation
Physical Review Special Topics-accelerators and Beams, 2008
The beam-beam effects have been the dominating sources of beam loss and lifetime limitations in the Tevatron proton-antiproton collider [1]. Electron lenses were originally proposed for compensation of electromagnetic long-range and head-on beam-beam interactions of proton and antiproton beams [2]. Results of successful employment of two electron lenses built and installed in the Tevatron are reported in [3,4,5]. In this paper we present design features of the Tevatron electron lenses (TELs), discuss the generation of electron beams, describe different modes of operation and outline the technical parameters of various subsystems.
Tevatron Beam-Beam Compensation Project Progress
Proceedings of the 2005 Particle Accelerator Conference, 2005
In this paper, we report the progress of the Tevatron Beam-Beam Compensation (BBC) project . Proton and antiproton tuneshifts of the order of 0.009 induced by electron beam have been reported in [2], suppression of an antiproton emittance growth in the Tevatron High Energy Physics (HEP) store has been observed, too [1]. Currently, the first electron lens (TEL1) is in operational use as the Tevatron DC beam cleaner. Over the last two years, we have greatly improved its reliability. The 2nd Tevatron electron lens (TEL2) is under the final phase of development and is being prepared for installation in the Tevatron in 2005.
Experimental studies of compensation of beam–beam effects with Tevatron electron lenses
New Journal of Physics, 2008
Applying the space-charge forces of a low-energy electron beam can lead to a significant improvement of the beam-particle lifetime limit arising from the beam-beam interaction in a highenergy collider . In this article we present the results of various beam experiments with "electron lenses," novel instruments developed for the beam-beam compensation at the Tevatron, which collides 980-GeV proton and antiproton beams. We study the dependencies of the particle betatron tunes on the electron beam current, energy and position; we explore the effects of electron-beam imperfections and noises; and we quantify the improvements of the high-energy beam intensity and the collider luminosity lifetime obtained by the action of the Tevatron Electron Lenses.
2007 IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference (PAC), 2007
Electromagnetic long-range and head-on interactions of high intensity proton and antiproton beams are significant sources of beam loss and lifetime limitations in the Tevatron Collider Run II (2001-present). We present observations of the beam-beam phenomena in the Tevatron and results of relevant beam studies. We analyze the data and various methods employed in high energy physics (HEP) operation, predict the performance for planned luminosity upgrades and discuss ways to improve it.
Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams, 2008
In the Collider Run II, the Tevatron operates with 36 high intensity bunches of 980 GeV protons and antiprotons. Particles not captured by the Tevatron RF system pose a threat to quench the superconducting magnet during acceleration or at beam abort. We describe the main mechanisms for the origination of this uncaptured beam, and present measurements of its main parameters by means of a newly developed diagnostics system. The Tevatron Electron Lens is effectively used in the Collider Run II operation to remove uncaptured beam and keep its intensity in the abort gaps at a safe level.
Beam-beam studies for the Tevatron
In the first stage of Run II, the Tevatron will be operated with 36 bunches in each beam with bunch separations of 396 nanoseconds. The expected peak luminosity is L = 8.6 × 10 31 cm −2 sec −1 with an average number of 2.3 interactions per bunch crossing. In the second stage of Run II, the goal is to increase the luminosity to about 1.5×10 32 cm −2 sec −1 . If the bunch spacing were kept constant, the average number of interactions per bunch crossing would increase to about 4. This is thought to be unacceptably large and might saturate the efficiency of the detectors. This is the main reason for decreasing the bunch spacing at higher luminosities.
Applying EVM principles to tevatron beam position monitor project
Proceedings. 2005 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference, 2005.
At Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), the Tevatron high energy particle collider must meet the increasing scientific demand of higher beam luminosity. To achieve this higher luminosity goal, U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored a major upgrade of capabilities of Fermilab's accelerator complex that spans five years and costs over fifty million dollars. Tevatron Beam Position Monitor (BPM) system upgrade is a part of this project, generally called RunII upgrade project. Since the purpose of the Tevatron collider is to detect the smashing of proton and anti-protons orbiting the circular accelerator in opposite directions, capability to detect positions of both protons and antiprotons at a high resolution level is a desirable functionality of the monitoring system. The original system was installed during early 1980s, along with the original construction of the Tevatron. However, electronic technology available in 1980s did not allow for the detection of significantly smaller resolution of antiprotons.
Tune-shift compensation using the Tevatron electron lens
Proceedings of the 2003 Bipolar/BiCMOS Circuits and Technology Meeting (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37440), 2000
The Tevatron Electron Lens was originally designed to alleviate the tune shift and spread induced in Tevatron antiproton bunches from interactions with the proton bunches. We report recent developments and successful results of such tune-shift compensation.
Experimental Demonstration of Colliding-Beam-Lifetime Improvement by Electron Lenses
Physical Review Letters, 2007
We report successful application of space-charge forces of a low-energy electron beam for improvement of particle lifetime determined by beam-beam interaction in high-energy collider. In our experiments, an electron lens, a novel instrument developed for the beam-beam compensation, was set on a 980-GeV proton bunch in the Tevatron proton-antiproton collider. The proton bunch losses due to its interaction with antiproton beam were reduced by a factor of 2 when the electron lens was operating. We describe the principle of electron lens operation and present experimental results.
Electron Lenses for the Large Hadron Collider
2014
Electron lenses are pulsed, magnetically confined electronbeamswhosecurrent-densityprofileisshapedtoobtain the desired effect on the circulating beam. Electron lenses were used in the Fermilab Tevatron collider for bunch-bybunch compensation of long-range beam-beam tune shifts, for removal of uncaptured particles in the abort gap, for preliminaryexperimentsonhead-onbeam-beamcompensation, andforthedemonstrationofhaloscrapingwith hollow electron beams. Electron lenses for beam-beam compensation are being commissioned in RHIC at BNL. Within the US LHC Accelerator Research Program and the European HiLumi LHC Design Study, hollow electron beam collimationwasstudiedasanoptiontocomplementthecollimation system for the LHC upgrades. A conceptual design was recently completed, and the project is moving towards a technical design in 2014–2015 for construction in 2015–2017, if needed, after resuming LHC operations and re-assessing collimation needs and requirements at 6.5 TeV. Because of their ...