Coins from Allianoi Excavations: Campaign of 1998 (original) (raw)
Related papers
2019
The Urartian Kingdom was on the historical stage as a sovereign power beginning in the mid-9th century BCE, located in mountainous eastern Anatolia and the lands nearby. During its most powerful era, the kingdom extended its borders to the Euphrates in the west, to Lake Urmiye in the southeast, to the plateau of Erzurum-Kars in the north, and to Lake Sevan in the southeast (Salvini 1995; Çilingiroğlu 1997; Köroğlu 2011). The Urartian kings who reigned in this vast and harsh geography for almost three centuries constructed magnificent castles in order to make the central authority permanent. Rusa II, who was the last great king of the Urartians, and reigned during the 7th century BCE, had five large castles constructed in the mountainous zone during this tumultuous era. There is no doubt that the most majestic of these is Ayanis Castle, which rises on a natural hill on the eastern coast of Lake Van. The castle, which is just a one-day walk (35 km) away from the capital Tušpa, must have been constructed just after 673–672 BCE according to the inscriptions from the monumental gate and temple, and based on the results of dendrochronological analysis (Çilingiroğlu 2011; Manning et al. 2001). The excavations at Ayanis Castle, which have continued for 30 years, have provided a rich inventory belonging to the Urartian culture. Excavations were carried out in two areas, the Citadel and the outer town, in areas identified as “The Temple Area, Domestic Buildings, Pillared Hall, Monumental Gate, East and West Storerooms, South-North- East and West Fortification Walls and a part of the outer city” (Çilingiroğlu and Salvini 2001; Çilingiroğlu and Işıklı 2014) (Fig. 7-1). Among this group of structures, the most prominent is the Hall with Podium, which also includes the Temple of Ḫaldi and which is a unique element in Urartian architecture discovered in the excavations of the Temple Area; the new phase of archaeological excavations here are the topic of this study. The excavations that began in 2011 have continued with a focus on solving the archaeological problems in the temple area, and related restoration and protection. Within these studies the focus was on the new monumental building, which is located east of the temple area and just behind the core temple of Ḫaldi (cella). This new building, renamed “The Hall with Podium,” is an authentic structure that has caused us to revise what was already known about the Urartians and raises new questions regarding Urartian archaeology.
UNESCO World Heritage in Turkey 2019, 2019
The chapter gives information on the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Ani in Turkey, under the titles of geographic location and boundaries; physical, natural, and cultural characteristics; history and components; history of excavations; state of conservation and conservation measures; UNESCO World Heritage List nomination process and management planning; and present and future scientific research, with a short list of references for further reading.
Protection of the Archaeological Remains in the Reservoir of Yortanli Dam, Turkey
International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 2012
This study discussed conflicts in a large-scale development project realized in an archaeological area. The dam reservoir of Yortanli constructed as a part of a contemporary irrigation project in Western Turkey conflicted with the antique settlement of Allianoi, which had developed in the same area around a natural thermal spring in the 2nd century ad. The aim was to present the protection decisions and implementations related with the archaeological site of Allianoi in the Yortanlı Dam Reservoir so that monitoring and criticism of its consequences can be possible in the future. The tools of the three disciplines, hydraulic engineering, structural engineering and conservation, were emphasized. The following conclusions were derived: The understanding of the protection-development conflict of archaeological heritage-dam relations in the case of Allianoi-Yortanlı necessitates the evaluation of its legal, administrative, technical, and managerial aspects with all related governmental and non-governmental parts. The presented evaluation provides an opportunity for the discussion of the validity of the protection intervention, which is reburial of the remains prior to water retention in the dam, within an international framework. The presentation of the details of the protection process may facilitate the monitoring and criticism of its consequences in the future.