Effect of postoperative analgesic protocol on limb function following onychectomy in cats (original) (raw)
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A comparison of four methods of analgesia in cats following ovariohysterectomy
Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 2006
To evaluate the effectiveness of preoperative administration of oral carprofen, subcutaneous ketoprofen, and local nerve block with bupivacaine in preventing postoperative pain-associated behavior in cats after ovariohysterectomy. Fifty-two female intact cats. Materials and methods Cats received butorphanol (0.44 mg kg(-1) IM), carprofen (2.2 mg kg(-1) PO), ketoprofen (2.2 mg kg(-1) SQ), or bupivacaine infiltration block (1.1 mg kg(-1) SQ) before surgery. Cortisol and drug concentrations and visual analog scale (VAS) and interactive visual analog scale (IVAS) pain-associated behavior scores were measured 2 hours before and 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours after ovariohysterectomy. Cats receiving butorphanol had significantly increased IVAS scores 2 hours after surgery compared with baseline measurements. Cats receiving carprofen, ketoprofen, and bupivacaine had significant increases from baseline in VAS and IVAS scores 1 and 2 hours after surgery. VAS and IVAS scores for cats receiving bupivacaine were significantly greater 1 and 2 hours after surgery than for cats that received butorphanol. Cats receiving carprofen had significant increases in cortisol 1 hour after surgery and significant decreases 24 hours after surgery compared with baseline measurements. Preoperative carprofen and ketoprofen have effects on pain-associated behavior similar to butorphanol in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Cats receiving bupivacaine blocks may require additional analgesics immediately after surgery.
A Comparison of Four Methods of Analgesia In Cats Following Ovariohysterctomy
Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 2006
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of preoperative administration of oral carprofen, subcutaneous ketoprofen, and local nerve block with bupivacaine in preventing postoperative pain-associated behavior in cats after ovariohysterectomy. Animals Fifty-two female intact cats. Materials and methods Cats received butorphanol (0.44 mg kg)1 IM), carprofen (2.2 mg kg)1 PO), ketoprofen (2.2 mg kg)1 SQ), or bupivacaine infiltration block (1.1 mg kg)1 SQ) before surgery. Cortisol and drug concentrations and visual analog scale (VAS) and interactive visual analog scale (IVAS) pain-associated behavior scores were measured 2 hours before and 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours after ovariohysterectomy. Results Cats receiving butorphanol had significantly increased IVAS scores 2 hours after surgery compared with baseline measurements. Cats receiving carprofen, ketoprofen, and bupivacaine had significant increases from baseline in VAS and IVAS scores 1 and 2 hours after surgery. VAS and IVAS scores for cats receiving bupivacaine were significantly greater 1 and 2 hours after surgery than for cats that received butorphanol. Cats receiving carprofen had significant increases in cortisol 1 hour after surgery and significant decreases 24 hours after surgery compared with baseline measurements. Conclusions and clinical relevance Preoperative carprofen and ketoprofen have effects on painassociated behavior similar to butorphanol in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Cats receiving bupivacaine blocks may require additional analgesics immediately after surgery.
Management of Acute Postoperative Pain in Dogs and Cats
Journal of Chemical Education, 1994
Alleviation of animal pain is a central value of the veterinary profession as written in the Veterinarian's Oath-'... I solemnly swear to use my scientific knowledge and skills for the benefit of society through the protection of animal health, the relief of animal suffering, ... ' In addition, the AVMfi:s 1987 Panel Report on the Colloquium on Recognition and Alleviation of Animal Pain and Stress reminds veterinarians of their responsibility to provide effective management of pain in their patients. 8 Understanding and management of pa.in in anirnals is a challenging and often subjective task that faces practitioners. Factors that contribute to an ambiguous approach for managing pain in animals include, to what extent should pain be treated in an animal, inability of animals to verbally communicate, variation in signs of pain displayed by an animal, complex mechanisms and pathways involved in pain recognition, the variety of analgesic options available for therapy and when to use them, and failure to stay informed of current concepts in management of animal pain. The intent of the following article is to convey some of the recent information and its potential application towards management of acute postoperative pain in animals. Understanding concepts related to mechanisms of pain recognition, assessment of pain, preemptive considerations, and management options, contribute to effective management of acute postoperative pain in dogs and cats. Mechanisms of Pain Recognition Pain is a perception and is a result of cortical processing that began as activation of receptors
Journal of Small Animal Practice, 2000
Postoperative analgesia in the cat after ovariohysterectomy by use of carprofen, ketoprofen, meloxicam or tolfenamic acid The adequacy of postoperative analgesia was assessed in 40 cats following ovariohysterectomy. A t extubation, cats were given one dose of carprofen, ketoprofen, meloxicam or tolfenamic acid. Postoperative analgesia was assessed using visual analogue scale (VAS) scoring for pain and sedation; measurement of mechanical nociceptive thresholds at the wound; recognition of the requirement for rescue intervention analgesia; and an overall clinical assessment score at 18 hours. VAS pain scores were low throughout the trial, with no significant differences found between the groups. Postoperative mechanical nociceptive thresholds decreased significantly from baseline in all four groups, with no significant differences between the groups. One cat in each of the tolfenamic acid, ketoprofen and meloxicam groups required rescue intervention analgesia. Nine out of 10 cats in all four groups were classified as having desirable overall clinical assessment scores. In summary, all four drugs provided good postoperative analgesia, although none was able to prevent postoperative wound tenderness.
2020
Background Infiltration of the surgical site with local anesthetics combined with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may play an important role in improving perioperative pain control. This prospective, randomized, blinded, controlled clinical trial aimed to evaluate intraoperative isoflurane requirements, postoperative analgesia, and adverse events of infiltration of the surgical site with ropivacaine alone and combined with meloxicam in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Forty-five cats premedicated with acepromazine/meperidine and anesthetized with propofol/isoflurane were randomly distributed into three treatments ( n = 15 per group): physiological saline (group S), ropivacaine alone (1 mg/kg, group R) or combined with meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg, group RM) infiltrated at the surgical site (incision line, ovarian pedicles and uterus). End-tidal isoflurane concentration (FE’ISO), recorded at specific time points during surgery, was adjusted to inhibit autonomic responses to surgical...
Animals
Unilateral mastectomy is a common surgical procedure in feline species and requires postoperative pain management. Our study aimed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of subarachnoid anaesthesia combined with an intercostal nerve block, in comparison with the use of sufentanyl citrate administered as a constant-rate infusion (CRI). Twenty cats were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10/group) based on the analgesic protocol used: the first received loco-regional anaesthesia with levobupivacaine (LR group), and the second received a CRI of sufentanyl (SUF group). The evaluation criteria during surgery were the need for a bolus of fentanyl in the event of an increased heart rate or increased blood pressure. In the postoperative period, the levels of comfort/discomfort and pain were used to obtain a score according to the UNESP-Botucatu multimodal scale. Subjects who scored above seven received analgesic drug supplementation. Intraoperative analgesia was satisfactory, with good haemo...
Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 2014
Objective To compare post-operative pain in cats after alfaxalone or ketamine-medetomidine anaesthesia for ovariohysterectomy (OHE) and physiologic parameters during and after surgery. Study design Prospective 'blinded' randomized clinical study. Animals Twenty-one healthy cats. Methods Cats were assigned randomly into two groups: Group A, anaesthesia was induced and maintained with alfaxalone [5 mg kg À1 intravenously (IV) followed by boli (2 mg kg À1 IV); Group MK, induction with ketamine (5 mg kg À1 IV) after medetomidine (30 lg kg À1 intramuscularly (IM)], and maintenance with ketamine (2 mg kg À1 IV). Meloxicam (0.2 mg kg À1 IV) was administered after surgery. Basic physiological data were collected. At time T = À2,
BMC veterinary research, 2014
BackgroundA variety of analgesic agents are available, and which one can be used in dogs and cats is a highly controversial issue, existing however a fear in the use of opiates due to possible adverse effects that these drugs can cause. The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic effect provided by the administration of tramadol or pethidine on early postoperative pain of cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy in a double-blind prospective study. Fourty-two animals were randomly assigned into three groups. Pet received pethidine (6 mg/kg), Tra 2 received tramadol (2 mg/kg) and Tra 4 received tramadol (4 mg/kg); all intramuscularly and associated with acepromazine (0.1 mg/kg). The efficacy of each analgesic regimen was evaluated prior to surgery (baseline - TBL), during surgery and 1, 3 and 6 hours after extubation with subjective pain scale, physiologic parameters, serum concentrations of glucose, cortisol and IL-6.ResultsChanges in cardiovascular system were not clinically relev...
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2012
Objective-To evaluate the use of a ketamine-propofol combination, with or without dexmedetomidine, in cats undergoing ovariectomy and to assess Heinz body formation following administration of these drugs. Design-Randomized clinical trial. Animals-15 client-owned female cats. Procedures-Anesthesia was induced with a ketamine (2.0 mg/kg [0.91 mg/lb])-propofol (2.0 mg/kg) combination with (n = 7) or without (8) dexmedetomidine (0.003 mg/kg [0.0013 mg/lb]) and was maintained via continuous IV infusion of a 1:1 ketamine-propofol combination (administration rate for each drug, 10.0 mg/kg/h [4.54 mg/lb/h]). Cats underwent ovariectomy; duration of infusion was 25 minutes. Physiologic variables were measured at predetermined time points. Heinz bodies were quantified via examination of blood smears. Numeric scales were used to assess quality of recovery, degree of sedation, and signs of pain after surgery. Results-The ketamine-propofol group had a significantly higher mean heart rate at several time points during drug infusion, a significantly shorter time from the end of infusion to extubation (7 vs 29 minutes), and significantly lower sedation scores for the first hour after surgery than did the ketamine-propofol-dexmedetomidine group. Other variables were similar between groups; recovery was smooth, and anesthesia and postoperative analgesia were deemed adequate for all cats. The number of RBCs with Heinz bodies was not increased after surgery, compared with values immediately after anesthetic induction. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Total IV anesthesia with a ketamine-propofol combination, with or without dexmedetomidine, appeared to be effective in healthy cats. These short-term infusions produced smooth recovery and adequate analgesia during the postoperative period.