Renal failure in Indian dogs : An epidemiological study (original) (raw)

Influence of Age Breed and Sex on Incidence of Renal Disorders in Dogs

Indian Journal of Animal Research, Volume 57 Issue 7: 939-942 (July 2023)

Background: Kidneys play an essential role in health, disease, and growth. Renal disorders are among the most common ailments of dogs and contribute substantially to canine mortality, particularly in older dogs. Fewer published reports are documenting the prevalence of renal diseases in dogs in India. The current study was undertaken to find out the incidence of renal disorder in dogs based on their age and breed and sex. Methods: The assessment of the incidence of renal disorders in dogs was done in the clinical cases reported at Referral Veterinary Polyclinic, IVRI during the period i.e. February 2010 to January 2011. The total numbers of 880 cases of dogs suffering from different ailments were reported during this period, out of which 63 dogs were suspected and screened for renal disorders based on clinical signs, ultrasonographic findings, serum and urinary biochemical alterations and urine analysis. Result: The overall incidence of renal disorders was 7.15% recorded according to the age of dogs. No renal disorders were detected in the dogs < 6 years of age. 3.26% dogs of 6-8 year age group were confirmed for kidney diseases. W hereas 9.30% and 13.94% dogs in the age groups of 8-10 year and 10 years, respectively had renal disorders. The breed wise renal disorders in dogs showed the highest incidence in Labrador dogs followed by Bulldogs, Dalmatian, Great Dane and Rottweiler, Doberman, German Shepherd and Pomeranian. Interestingly lowest incidence was recorded in the mixed or nondescript breed. Out of 63 dogs, 36 male (57%) and 27 female (43%) dogs were confirmed for renal disorders indicating a higher prevalence of renal diseases in males than females.

An epidemiological and ultrasonographic study of renal failure in canine

The Pharma Innovation, 2020

Renal failure (RF) in canine is mainly identified as progressive and irreversible loss of functioning nephrons and thus kidney, may lead to considerable morbidity and mortality. To understand such changes, an experiment was conducted in Department of Veterinary Medicine targeting the incidence and ultrasonographic findings. A total of 2480 canine patients were screened, apparently showing symptoms of renal failure, during the study period from November 2015 to April 2016 at teaching veterinary clinical complex, Bihar Veterinary College, Patna. Level of Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine were applied for preliminary screening and ultrasonographic changes in kidney in renal failure were appreciated. Out of 2480 patients selected for assessment of renal failure, 42 animals(1.69%) were found to be suffered from both acute and chronic renal failure.Retrospective study on canine cases presented in the year 2014 and 2015 suggest the incidence of renal problem as 1.19% and 2.39% in the year 2014 and 2015, respectively. On the basis of biochemical (serum creatinine and BUN) and clinical study, the suspected and confirmatory percentage of renal problem in canine in year 2014, 2015 and 2016 were (56.17% & 27.65%) (62.37% &30.06%) and (60.91% & 24.27%) respectively. The average age for renal failure (both sexes) were found to be 7.95 years. Significant ultrasonoraphic findings were hydronephrosis (8.33%), hyperechoic cortex (33.3%), oval and small sized kidney (25%), loss of corticomedullary junction (58.33%), renomegaly (12.5%) and renal calculi (4.16%).

Incidence of chronic kidney disease in dogs

The present study was aimed to record incidence in different stages CKD. A total of 56 dogs which were diagnosed to be suffering from chronic kidney disease on the basis of history, clinical observations and haemato-biochemical alterations were selected for the study. Incidence of CKD in the present study was 40%. The maximum cases (50%) were found in dogs of more than 7 years of age. Males (64.28%) were affected more than females. Labrador Retriever breed was most affected (28.57%), followed by German Shepherds (19.64%), Pomeranians (16.07%), and Mongrels (12.5%).

Histopathological retrospective study of canine renal disease in Korea, 2003~2008

Journal of Veterinary Science, 2010

Renal disease includes conditions affecting the glomeruli, tubules, interstitium, pelvis, and vasculature. Diseases of the kidney include glomerular diseases, diseases of the tubules and interstitium, diseases of renal pelvis, and developmental abnormalities. Renal tissue samples (n = 70) submitted to the Department of Veterinary Pathology of Konkuk University from 2003 to 2008 were included in this study. Tissue histopathology was performed using light microscopy with hematoxylin and eosin stains. Masson's trichrome, Congo Red, and Warthin starry silver staining were applied in several individual cases. Glomerular diseases (22.9%), tubulointerstitial diseases (8.6%), neoplastic diseases (8.6%), conditions secondary to urinary obstruction (24.3%), and other diseases (35.7%) were identified. Glomerulonephritis (GN) cases were classified as acute proliferative GN (5.7%), membranous GN (4.3%), membranoproliferative GN (4.3%), focal segmental GN (2.9%), and other GN (4.2%). The proportion of canine GN cases presently identified was not as high as the proportions identified in human studies. Conversely, urinary obstruction and end-stage renal disease cases were relatively higher in dogs than in human populations.

Clinical Assessment of Renal Function in the Dog with a Reduction in Nephron Number

Australian Veterinary Journal, 1980

The viewpoint presented is that, because compensatory functional adjustment of the residual nephrons occurs in chronic renal disease, reduction in nephron number usually exceeds 70% before a diagnosis is made. The case that earlier diagnoses are likely if laboratory medicine values are measured and interpreted with a maximum of efficiency is then made. The laboratory data more commonly used in practice for the clinical assessment of renal function in the dog are presented and some comparisons with findings in man are made. The information originates from clinical and experimental observations of the authors, as well as from a literature review. The laboratory data presented and discussed Includes glomerular filtration rate and the clearance of nitrogenous waste (urea and creatinine), plasma protein concentration, plasma osmolality, renal concentrating capacity, and urinary constituents, particularly its protein concentration and sediment (centrifuge deposit). All parameters recommended for the clinical assessment of chronic renal failure are considered qualitatively, and some are also dealt with quantitatively.

Evaluation of Serum Biochemical Profile of Kidney Disorders in Canine

2020

Clinical biochemistry in nephrology is mainly used to diagnose and monitor renal dysfunction/damage. Kidney function can be ascertained from the components of plasma that mainly depends on their elimination rate (e.g. creatinine, BUN and phosphorus). These indirect markers can be easily and rapidly measured to ascertain the renal function as against the direct measurements like GFR and renal clearance tests (Seegmiller et al., 2018). The frequency of renal disease increases with age, especially in dogs and cats like human beings (Gobar et al., 1998)