Stage of change is associated with assessment of the health risks of maternal smoking among pregnant women (original) (raw)
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Assessment of Women's Knowledge of the Impact of Smoking During Pregnancy
KnE Social Sciences, 2023
Smoking affects women's health and increases their risk for some diseases. Women who smoke have problems with the reproductive system, and if women are pregnant have a high risk for fetal, and neonatal problems and consequences on their health. Quitting smoking at any time during pregnancy improves the condition of mother and baby. This study aims to identify the level of knowledge women have about smoking and effects on pregnancy aged between 1545 years. This study is cross-sectional and was implemented for the period of August-November 2021 was conducted at UHOG "Queen Geraldine" Tirana, Albania. The survey included 200 pregnant women, who agreed to complete the questionnaire. Data were coded and elaborated using IBM SPSS Statistics 26 software. Descriptive results on each question, comparison between important topics, and binary logistic regression for the five final questions were performed. Nevertheless, 30% of the total women in the study were smokers, 16% of them were pregnant smokers, and 14% were smokers before pregnancy. The women who continued to smoke were from urban areas, we do not have heavy smokers, and only 2.9% of them smoked >10 cigarettes a day. Women with secondary education report that the chance of ectopic pregnancy from smoking increases OR = 0.73. As the weeks of pregnancy pass, the likelihood of discovering that smoking increases the risk of having a baby with birth defects (OR = 0.78) increases. There were women in the first pregnancy and younger age groups that represented the highest level of knowledge related to the birth of an underweight baby because of smoking p = 0.003. In 31.6% of cases, the cessation of smoking had come because of the nursing counseling that they had received in the primary service. The trend of smoking among Albanian women is growing and information on the consequences of smoking is a necessity for a healthy population in the future. Women who smoke need assistance and counseling to quit smoking before becoming pregnant. The role of health care professionals in informing women about the risks of smoking to the baby and the mother should be expanded.
Smoking in pregnancy - The size of our challenge
The Ulster medical journal
Reducing the prevalence of smoking in pregnancy is a priority target for health care. We administered a semi-structured questionnaire to mothers in an inner city general practice who were given brief anti-smoking advice during routine antenatal care. Of a cohort of 113 mothers, 52(46%) reported smoking at the start of pregnancy. Six(12%) of these 52 smokers reported no change in smoking habit during pregnancy; 24(46%) cut down; 12(23%) stopped; 10(19%) increased their cigarette consumption. Of the 52 smokers, 41(79%) believed smoking was harmful to an unborn baby, yet 30(73 %) of these women continued smoking. Almost all recalled having been given anti-smoking advice by the GP and/or hospital. There is an urgent need to identify more effective methods of reducing smoking in pregnancy.
Midwifery, 2002
Objective: to ascertain the signif|cant factors that in£uence women to stop/not stop smoking during pregnancy and the postnatal period. Design:Twenty-four women were interviewed two-three years after delivery with regard to their smoking habits during and after pregnancy.The material was analysed based on a phenomenological approach in order to provide an accurate description of lived experience. Findings: women who still smoked at their ¢rst visit to the antenatal clinic often had an established smoking pattern.They had vague knowledge about the risks of smoking during pregnancy. All women interviewed stated that the midwife played an important role in their motivation to stop/reduce smoking during pregnancy. Many women, however, lacked the support from doctors, delivery and maternity ward sta¡ and district nurses. Conclusion: during pregnancy midwives and doctors have a unique opportunity to in£uence and help women who smoke to give up smoking. It is necessary that the di¡erent personnel have a similar approach to counselling.
Predictors of smoking in pregnancy and attitudes and knowledge of risks of pregnant smokers
Drug and Alcohol Review, 1997
This study examined the prevalence and predictors of smoking by pregnant women attending a public antenatal clinic. The prevalence of smoking in this population (n = 2577) was found to be 38.0% (95% CI 36.1-39.9°/0). A review of previous research investigating variables associated with smoking in pregnancy indicated that only three of 42 studies had used multivariate analysis. Using step-wise logistic regression analysis, five variables were found to be independent predictors of smoking in pregnancy: education (having 4 years or less high school), marital status (being unmarried), gravidity (being multigravida), age (being under 25 years) and language spoken at home (speaking English). The model correctly predicted 63.7% of cases. The knowledge and attitudes of pregnant smokers were also investigated using data from a sub-sample of consenting subjects. Three-quarters of the women claimed that they had reduced their smoking since discovering they were pregnant. However, their mean intake of 13.7 cigarettes daily remained at a hazardous level. Approximately half (51%) these smokers claimed to have tried to quit smoking in the current pregnancy. Most (61%) women said they believed smoking was definitely harmfid to the unborn child. However, awareness and acceptance of specific risks were inadequate. Of the women in a current relationship, 72% said their partner was a regular smoker. Less than half (45%) the continuing smokers who had seen a doctor abom their current pregnancy could recall being advised to stop smoking. There is a need for health care providers to adopt a more systematic and tailored approach to smoking cessation counselling. Efforts to convert quit attempts in pregnancy into sustained cessation represent a priority area of programme development and evaluation.
Maternal and Child Health Journal, 2014
Smoking during pregnancy is causally associated with many adverse health outcomes. Quitting smoking, even late in pregnancy, improves some outcomes. Among adults in general and reproductive-aged women, we sought to understand knowledge and attitudes towards prenatal smoking and its effects on pregnancy outcomes. Using data from the 2008 HealthStylesÓ survey, we assessed knowledge and attitudes about prenatal smoking and smoking cessation. We classified respondents as having high knowledge if they gave C5 correct responses to six knowledge questions regarding the health effects of prenatal smoking. We calculated frequencies of correct responses to assess knowledge about prenatal smoking and estimated relative risk to examine knowledge by demographic and lifestyle factors. Only 15 % of all respondents and 23 % of reproductive-aged women had high knowledge of the adverse effects of prenatal smoking on pregnancy outcomes. Preterm birth and low birth weight were most often recognized as adverse outcomes associated with prenatal smoking. Nearly 70 % of reproductive-aged women smokers reported they would quit smoking if they became pregnant without any specific reasons from their doctor. Few respondents recognized the benefits of quitting smoking after the first trimester of pregnancy. Our results suggest that many women lack knowledge regarding the increased risks for adverse outcomes associated with prenatal smoking. Healthcare providers should follow the recommendations provided by the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, which include educating women about the health risks of prenatal smoking and the benefits of quitting. Healthcare providers should emphasize quitting smoking even after the first trimester of pregnancy.
Smoking behaviour among pregnant women prior to antenatal care registration
Social Science & Medicine, 1990
Changes in smoking behaviour during early pregnancy and factors influencing such changes were studied in an unselected, area-based population. During 1987, all women registered at the antenatal care clinics in Uppsala county. Sweden, received a self-administered questionnaire regarding past and present smoking habits. Thirty-two per cent (n = 1160) were daily smokers at the time of conception. Almost one-fourth of the smokers (n = 263) had quit smoking at the first visit to antenatal care 6-10 weeks later. Using logistic regression analyses, we found that low education, not living with infants's father and whether others smoked at home or at work were factors that were independently associated with increased risks of smoking at time of conception as well as continued smoking in early pregnancy. Continued smoking was also significantly more common among women with previous births, women who started smoking at an early age and women who smoked heavily.
Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 2007
A qualitative study was undertaken to explore social attitudes towards smoking by pregnant women, mothers of preschool children and their partners based in Merstham and Horley, East Surrey. All respondents felt that smoking in pregnancy was associated with considerable social stigma and negative social attitudes. Nonsmokers were particularly negative in their views on smoking in pregnancy feeling that it was socially unacceptable. Women who smoked during pregnancy reported various negative social experiences such as receiving criticism from health professionals and community associates. They reported feeling under pressure to quit to achieve social acceptability as much as for health improvements. Some pregnant smokers denied smoking to health professionals, partners and colleagues and used private smoking places out of public view to reduce the chances of detection. Women who smoked or had a partner who smoked were more accepting of smoking in pregnancy than non-smokers and former smokers. Moreover, residents from the more socio-economically deprived area of Merstham were more tolerant of smoking in pregnancy and parenthood, compared to Horley-based respondents, regardless of their personal smoking status. They gave examples of local women they knew who had smoked in pregnancy without apparent complication. While all respondents were aware of health risks associated with smoking, smokers did not feel the risks were personally relevant to them and were exaggerated in an anti-smoking society. Health professionals need to be aware that pregnant women may not disclose smoking activity due to perceived social stigma and may require more intensive smoking cessation support services in socio-economically deprived areas.