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Archaeological works in Tajikistan (ART) // Археологические работы в Таджикистане (АРТ), 2016
Brief information on anthropological materials obtained through the archaeological exploration (the head of the team Dr. Tatyana G. Filimonova) in the valley of the Surkhob river, Tajikistan. The Shakhidon burial ground (V-VIII centuries) is represented by 13 fragmented skeletons (4 males, 6 females, 2 nurseries and 1 embryo); Old Baljuvan remains of skulls of 1 child and 1 woman; Ok Bullock - remains of 2 men, 1 woman and 1 child 7-9 years old. The last two cemeteries date back to the XVIII-XIX centuries. Краткая информация об антропологических материалах, полученных благодаря проведению археологической разведки (рук. работ Т.Г. Филимонова) в долине р. Сурхоб, Таджикистан. Могильник Шахидон (V-VIII вв.) представлен 13 фрагментированными костяками (4 мужских, 6 женских, 2 детских и 1 эмбрион); Старый Балджуван костными останками черепов 1 ребенка и 1 женщины; а Ок-Булок - 2 мужчин, 1 женщины и 1 ребенка 7-9 лет. Последние два могильника датируются XVIII-XIX вв.
The work is devoted to the studying of the bone material received as a result of excavation of the Bardzryal burial ground of the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age. A series consists of 39 skeletons. The rite of public exhibiting of corpses was spread among a part of the population of the Bardzryal burial ground. The body of individuals was left on a hill for the breakdown of soft tissues and eaten by birds of prey, and only then buried in burials. The methods used of macroscopic examination and x-ray analysis. A striking feature of the studied sample is traces of trepanation on two skulls. Trepanations low-ranking burials are described. Trepanations were apparently medical rather than ritual. The probable motives behind such operations are discussed, their efficiency is assessed. As a result of the conducted work it was possible to establish the important features of life-activities of the studied samples, to define sex-age indicators and specificity of spreading of diseases. The data on sex and age structure of the population indicate, that despite a sharp gender imbalance, the group had a high standard of living. The population can be described as settled, which is confirmed by the high frequency of occurrence of inflammatory processes, signs of iron deficiency anemia. Our materials show that she, like many other agricultural communities, was not free from various types of pathologies (tooth enamel hypoplasia, etc.), but their prevalence did not seriously affect life expectancy. Study results show, that Bardzryal population of the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age, had in many respects similar features of biological adaptation and similar health indicators with synchronous groups from the territory of Armenia.