Prevalence and correlates of restless legs syndrome in adolescents (original) (raw)
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Sleep Disorders and Restless Legs Syndrome in Schoolage Pediatric Population
Journal of Turkish sleep medicine, 2022
Objective: Diagnosis of sleep disorders (SD) and restless legs syndrome (RLS) in school-age pediatric population and finding their relevant factors are important to prevent disease dependent complications such as growth-development retardation, loss of neurocognitive function and school failure. The aim of the present study was to determine whether there is a relationship between socio-demographic characteristics, SD and RLS in school children. Materials and Methods: Middle and high school students aged between 13 and 17 were questioned about socio-demographic data, RLS survey and pediatric sleep questionnaire (PSQ). The study included 3.568 appropriately completed surveys. The total PSQ score was 4.3±3.3 for female students and 3.9±3.3 for male students. PSQ score was ≥8 in 326 of 1.992 female students (16.4%), in 215 of 1.576 male students (13.6%) and in 541 of all students (15.2%). The RLS frequency was 4.4% for all students, 4.6% for female students and 4.1% for male students. Total PSQ score, snoring, sleepiness and behavior subscale score had significant correlation with RLS in both genders. A weak but significant correlation was found between PSQ total score and BMI Z score (r=0.256, p<0.001). There was a strong correlation between PSQ score and RLS. The odds ratio of RLS was 2.04 (95% confidence interval: 1.87-2.22) for PSQ score. Conclusion: RLS has close relationships with sleep-related breathing disorders, daytime sleepiness and behavioral problems irrespective of socio-demographic data.
Prevalence and Correlates of Restless Legs Syndrome
Chest, 2006
The purpose of this analysis was to investigate the prevalence and correlates of restless legs syndrome (RLS) symptoms in the 2005 National Sleep Foundation (NSF) Sleep in America 2005 Poll. The NSF poll is an annual telephone interview of a random, representative sample of US adults. Methods: The NSF 2005 poll included 1,506 adults. Their mean age was 49 years, and 775 were women. Results: Symptoms of RLS that included unpleasant feelings in the legs for at least a few nights a week, which were worse at night, were reported by 9.7% of individuals in this poll, including 8% of men and 11% of women. Those from the northeast United States were much less likely to be at risk than those from other regions of the country (p < 0.05). Those who were unemployed (p < 0.05) or smoked daily (p < 0.5) were more likely to be at risk for RLS, as were those with hypertension, arthritis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, depression, anxiety, and diabetes (p < 0.05 for all). Adults who were at risk for RLS appeared to also be at increased risk for sleep apnea and insomnia (p < 0.05), and were more likely to stay up longer than they planned, to take longer than 30 min to fall asleep, to drive when drowsy, and to report daytime fatigue than those who were not at risk (p < 0.05 for all). They were also more likely to report being late to work, missing work, making errors at work, and missing social events because of sleepiness than other respondents in the poll (p < 0.05 for all). Conclusions: RLS is significantly associated with medical and psychiatric conditions, other sleep disorders, unfavorable lifestyle behaviors, and adverse effects on daytime function. Chest physicians who practice sleep medicine need to be able to identify and manage RLS, which is prevalent and is associated with considerable morbidity.
Sleep disturbances in restless legs syndrome
Vojnosanitetski pregled, 2016
Background/Aim. Resteless legs syndrome (RLS) is chronical neurological disorder characterized by urge to move legs that is usually accompanied by unpleasant sensations in the lower extremities. Sleep disturbance is one of the main accompanying symptoms of RLS which exists in approximatelly 90% of patients. Impairment of sleep is related to daily sleepiness, depressive and anxiety disorders. The aim of this study was to detect frequency and characterisitics of sleep-related symptoms in patients with RLS, and its impairrment to daily sleepiness, fatique, anxiety and depression. Methods. We have examinated 94 patients with RLS. The diagnose of RLS was based on questionnaire with 4 specific questions according to the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) criteria updated in 2003. Severity of symptoms was astimated with IRLSSG Rating Scale, depression and anxiety with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) and sleepiness with...
J Pak Med Assoc, 2016
Objective: To reveal clinical and polysomnographic features in patients treated for restless leg syndrome, and to examine the compatibility of sleep data and clinical features. Methods: The study was conducted at the Department of Neurology, Ankara Numune Training and Education Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, and comprised patients who presented to the outpatient clinic between January and July 2014 who were diagnosed with restless leg syndrome based on the International RestIess Leg Syndrome Study Group criteria. Patients underwent polysomnography test in spontaneous sleep in a single room. SPSS 18 was used for statistical analyses. Results: Of the 18 patients, 13 (72%) were females and 5 (28%) were males. Overall mean age was 51.56±11.57 years (range: 23-66 years). Fourteen (77.8%) patients reported insomnia; 10 (55.5%) patients had excessive daytime sleepiness; 13 (72.2%) reported snoring; and 3 (17%) had apnoea. Mean International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group Rating Scale score was 26.11±7.9 (range: 16-40). Mean Epworth Sleepiness Scale score was 9.17±5.1 (range: 0-20). Conclusion: Restless leg syndrome was more common in women and the most common complaint was insomnia.
Prevalence of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder in the general population
Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 2002
Background: Periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) and restless legs syndrome (RLS) are two sleep disorders characterized by abnormal leg movements and are responsible for deterioration in sleep quality. However, the prevalence of these disorders is not well known in the general population. This study aims to document the prevalence of RLS and PLMD in the general population and to identify factors associated with these conditions. Methods: Crosssectional studies were performed in the UK, Germany, Italy, Portugal and Spain. Overall, 18,980 subjects aged 15 to 100 years old representative of the general population of these five European countries underwent telephone interviews with the Sleep-EVAL system. A section of the questionnaire assessed leg symptoms during sleep. The diagnoses of PLMD and RLS were based on the minimal criteria provided by the International Classification of Sleep Disorders. Results: The prevalence of PLMD was 3.9% and RLS was 5.5%. RLS and PLMD were higher in women than in men. The prevalence of RLS significantly increased with age. In multivariate models, being a woman, the presence of musculoskeletal disease, heart disease, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, cataplexy, doing physical activities close to bedtime and the presence of a mental disorder were significantly associated with both disorders. Factors specific to PLMD were: being a shift or night worker, snoring, daily coffee intake, use of hypnotics and stress. Factors solely associated with RLS were: advanced age, obesity, hypertension, loud snoring, drinking at least three alcoholic beverages per day, smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day and use of SSRI. Conclusions: PLMD and RLS are prevalent in the general population. Both conditions are associated with several physical and mental disorders and may negatively impact sleep. Greater recognition of these sleep disorders is needed. D
Childhood and adult factors associated with restless legs syndrome (RLS) diagnosis
Sleep Medicine, 2007
Background and purpose: RLS appears to be caused by a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. This study sought to identify some environmental risk factors significantly associated with the occurrence of RLS. Patients and methods: Three adult behaviors and 10 childhood factors potentially related to development of RLS were evaluated for significant association with the occurrence of RLS in a large case-controlled family history study. All available family members of the probands in this study were evaluated for RLS using a validated diagnostic telephone interview that included a background questionnaire covering factors potentially associated with the development of RLS. Where possible, the mothers of the subjects were also interviewed regarding developmental factors that might affect the child's health and perhaps occurrence of RLS. All family members with a definite diagnosis of RLS or Not-RLS were included in the study. Of a total of 973 participants, 262 (27%) had RLS and 711 did not. Results: An odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence limits (CI) was calculated for the relationship of each factor to RLS diagnosis. Restless sleep in childhood was associated with an increased risk of developing RLS later in life for both men (OR = 2.64; 95% CI: 1.31-5.29) and women (OR = 2.54; 95% CI: 1.41-4.59). Blood donation was also significantly associated with an increased risk of developing RLS among men only (OR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.10-3.58), which was more pronounced for those donating blood more than the median number of donations for this group of five (OR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1. 16-4.43). No other factor was significantly associated with the occurrence of RLS. Conclusions: This is the first case-controlled study that demonstrates a significant association between blood donation and the occurrence of RLS in males. The association was most significant for those men donating five or more times. Smoking and alcohol use were not related to the occurrence of RLS. Neither childhood growing pains nor attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was related to RLS. The only consistent factor found related to prevalence of RLS for both men and women was the report of 'restless sleep' in childhood.
BMC Neurology, 2011
Background: Because of the subjective nature of Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) symptoms and the impact of these symptoms on sleep, patient-reported outcomes (PROs) play a prominent role as study endpoints in clinical trials investigating RLS treatments. The objective of this study was to validate a new measure, the Post Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ), to assess sleep dysfunction in subjects with moderate-to-severe RLS symptoms. Methods: Pooled data were analyzed from two 12-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trials of gabapentin enacarbil (N = 540). At baseline and Week 12, subjects completed the PSQ and other validated health surveys: IRLS Rating Scale, Clinical Global Impression of Improvement (CGI-I), Profile of Mood States (POMS), Medical Outcomes Study Scale-Sleep (MOS-Sleep), and RLS-Quality of Life (RLSQoL). Pooled data were used post hoc to examine the convergent, divergent, known-group validity and the responsiveness of the PSQ. Results: Convergent validity was demonstrated by significant correlations between baseline PSQ items and total scores of IRLS, POMS, RLSQoL, and the MOS-Sleep Scale (p ≤ 0.007 each). Divergent validity was demonstrated through the lack of significant correlations between PSQ items and demographic characteristics. Correlations (p < 0.0001) between RLS severity groups and PSQ items demonstrated known-group validity. Mean changes in investigator-and subject-rated CGI-I scores for each PSQ item (p < 0.0001) demonstrated the PSQ's responsiveness to patient change as reported by their care provider. Conclusions: Although these analyses were potentially limited by the use of clinical trial data and not prospective data from a study conducted solely for validation purposes, the PSQ demonstrated robust psychometric properties and is a valid instrument for assessing sleep and sleep improvements in subjects with moderate-to-severe RLS symptoms.
Different sleep characteristics in restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder
2003
Objective: Periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) may or may not be associated with restless legs syndrome (RLS). The number of PLMS is commonly used to assess the clinical severity and sleep quality of patients with RLS. It is still unclear whether the sleep disorder of periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) is different from the sleep disorder in RLS. Methods: We compared the polysomnograms (PSGs) of 27 prospectively recruited RLS patients and 26 retrospectively recruited age-and sex-matched PLMD patients without RLS symptoms. Results: The PLM index and the index of arousal-associated PLMS (PLMAI) were significantly higher in PLMD, whereas the index of EEG arousals not associated with any sleep-related event was significantly higher in RLS. In PLMD patients, the PLMI correlated negatively with the percentage of PLMS associated with an arousal, whereas this correlation was positive in RLS patients. Further, RLS patients spent significantly more time in wake-after-sleep onset, had more rapid eye movement sleep (REM) and less sleep stage I. Conclusions: We conclude that the sleep disorder in RLS differs from that in PLMD. Spontaneous, not PLM associated EEG arousals should be included in the assessment of the sleep structure of patients with RLS, particularly in studies concerned with drug-efficacy. q
Restless Legs Syndrome Prevalence and Impact
Archives of Internal Medicine, 2005
Background: Restless legs syndrome (RLS), a common sensorimotor disorder, has a wide range of severity from merely annoying to affecting sleep and quality of life severely enough to warrant medical treatment. Previous epidemiological studies, however, have failed to determine the prevalence of those with clinically significant RLS symptoms and to examine the life effects and medical experiences of this group. Methods: A total of 16 202 adults (aged Ն18 years) were interviewed using validated diagnostic questions to determine the presence, frequency, and severity of RLS symptoms; respondents reporting RLS symptoms were asked about medical diagnoses and the impact of the disorder and completed the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36). Criteria determined by RLS experts for medically significant RLS (frequency at least twice a week, distress at least moderate) defined "RLS sufferers" as a group most likely to warrant medical treatment. Results: In all, 15 391 fully completed questionnaires were obtained; in the past year, RLS symptoms of any frequency were reported by 1114 (7.2%). Symptoms occurred at least weekly for 773 respondents (5.0%); they occurred at least 2 times per week and were reported as moderately or severely distressing by 416 (2.7%). Of those 416 (termed RLS sufferers), 337 (81.0%) reported discussing their symptoms with a primary care physician, and only 21 (6.2%) were given a diagnosis of RLS. The SF-36 scores for RLS sufferers were significantly below population norms, matching those of patients with other chronic medical conditions. Conclusion: Clinically significant RLS is common (prevalence, 2.7%), is underdiagnosed, and significantly affects sleep and quality of life.