Tissue expression, serum and salivary levels of IL-10 in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (original) (raw)
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Immunosuppressive mediators of oral squamous cell carcinoma in tumour samples and saliva
Human Immunology, 2015
The goal of this study was to compare the salivary concentrations of IL-10, TGF-b1 and soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to those in healthy individuals (control group), and to correlate the expression of these mediators in saliva with that in the tumour microenvironment. Neoplastic tissue and saliva samples from patients with OSCC (n = 22) were analysed by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively. We detected high expression of IL-10 and HLA-G in the tumour microenvironment when compared to healthy oral mucosa samples. Determination of IL-10 salivary concentration enabled us to distinguish patients with OSCC from healthy individuals (P = 0.038), which showed correlation with tissue expression of this cytokine. HLA-G salivary release was similar in both groups (P = 0.17) and no correlation with tumour expression was observed. TGF-b1 expression was low or absent in tumours, and salivary concentration was similar between groups. Our results suggest that of the three markers analysed, IL-10 is a potential salivary biomarker. Furthermore, the elevated expression of HLA-G and IL-10 in tumour sites could favour the escape of tumour cells from immune defense mechanisms. Ó
Serum levels of interleukins 4 and 10 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
The Journal of Laryngology & Otology, 2012
Objective: There is currently controversy over the association between serum interleukin-4 and -10 levels and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in patients of different ethnicity. This study aimed to investigate serum levels of these cytokines in Iranian patients with this pathology, and to analyse correlations with tumour location and tumour stage at diagnosis.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is considered to be one of the most fatal diseases worldwide, owing to its late diagnosis and lack of availability of established reliable biomarkers. The aim of this study was to highlight the significance of immunosuppressive cytokines as potential biomarkers in OSCC. Whole unstimulated saliva was collected from each individual (30 OSCC patients and 33 age-and gender-matched healthy controls). Immunosuppressive cytokines, including IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and IL-1RA, were evaluated in each sample using Luminex multianalyte profiling (xMAP) technology on BioPlex instrument. Our results showed that all the studied salivary cytokines were raised in OSCC patients as compared to controls, where IL-10 and IL-13 salivary levels showed statistically significant difference (p = .004 and p = .010, respectively). Mean levels of salivary cytokines in three histologically defined OSCC categories, compared employing one-way ANOVA, showed that salivary levels of IL-1RA were highest in patients having poorly differentiated OSCC tumors as compared to those having moderately and well-differentiated tumors (p = .000 and p = .002, respectively). Among OSCC individuals, duration of smokeless tobacco correlated positively with IL-1RA (p = .036). We conclude that salivary levels of immunosuppressive cytokines, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and IL-1RA, could prove to be potential biomarkers of OSCC and can be further investigated as markers of early detection and disease progression.
In vivo (Athens, Greece)
Cytokine profiles of permanent cell lines of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) were analyzed to define the cytokine levels secreted in the absence of immune cells. Cytokine profiles of IL-4, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 were analyzed in the supematants of 4 different permanent HNSCC cell lines using the Bio-Plex human cytokine assay system. In HNSCC, IL-6 and IL-8 are involved in oncogenic processes, while IL-4 and IL-10 suppress proper immune responses in the tumor microenvironment. Our data indicate that, in the absence of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, HNSCC secretes high levels of the proto-oncogenic cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, but no significant levels of the immune suppressors IL-4 and IL-10. The data strongly suggest that the intercellular crosstalk between cells of HNSCC and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in vivo is required to stimulate an increased production of immune suppressive mediators in head and neck cancer.
Oral Diseases, 2013
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA), tissue polypeptide-specific antigen (TPS) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with potentially malignant disorders (PMD), oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), or status-post (SP) OSCC. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Blood was collected from 47 patients, either controls or diagnosed with PMD, OSCC, or SPOSCC. Levels of cytokines and tumor marker were evaluated by ELISAs. Normal levels were based on previous studies and pathology determined by chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Above normal levels of SCCA were found for OSCC and dysplasia patients (33.3% and 11.1%, respectively) and high range of normal (upper 20% of the normal range) for lichen planus, SPOSCC, and dysplasia patients (6.67%, 33.3%, and 22.2%, respectively), differences that approached statistical significance (P = 0.055). No differences were found between groups for other tested markers. A progression was seen for SCCA from high range of normal in SPOSCC to a mixture of high normal and elevated in dysplasia to elevated in active OSCC, suggesting that SCCA may be correlated with cancer progression. CONCLUSION: Higher levels of serum SCCA may serve as a marker for dysplasia and progression to oral carcinogenesis.
Journal of Clinical Medicine
Background: The oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex interweb of cells and mediators balancing carcinogenesis, inflammation, and the immune response. However, cytokines are not only secreted within the TME but also released by a variety of other cells that do not comprise the TME; therefore, a thorough assessment of humoral changes in OSCC should include the measurement of serum cytokines. Methods: We assessed the role of various serum cytokines in the evolution of OSCC, before and after treatment, versus a control group. We measured the serum concentrations of MIP-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α. Results: Significantly higher values (p < 0.01) were noted for IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α in the OSCC group before treatment (n = 13) compared with the control group (n = 14), and the increased concentrations persisted after treatment (n = 11). Furthermore, the variations in the values of MIP-1α, IL-1β, IL-10, and TNF-α are...
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, 2012
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of head and neck cancer. The 5-year survival rate has remained below 50% over the last two decades, and new tools for early diagnosis are needed. Saliva has been used for diagnosis of several systemic diseases, and its use for diagnosis of OSCC has been sought extensively. Among the many salivary analytes for diagnosis of OSCC, accumulating evidences indicate the possibility of using salivary cytokines. Overproduction of proinflammatory, proangiogenic cytokines by OSCC cells has been reported, and their role in tumor progression and angiogenesis is well established. However, many inflammatory conditions and immunological diseases could affect the levels of cytokines in serum and saliva. This article has reviewed publications in this matter, and some strengths and weaknesses have been pointed out. Conclusively, large-scale investigations are required for validation of the use of salivary cytokines for diagnosis of OSCC, with consideration to the influential role of periodontal inflammation in their levels.
Journal of Clinical Medicine
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a life-threatening disease. It could be preceded by oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). It was confirmed that chronic inflammation can promote carcinogenesis. Cytokines play a crucial role in this process. The aim of the study was to evaluate interleukin-1alpha (IL-1α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in tissue specimens and saliva of patients with OSCC and OPMDs. Methods: Cytokines were evaluated in 60 tissue specimens of pathological lesions (OSCCs or OPMDs) and in 7 controls (normal oral mucosa, NOM) by immunohistochemistry and in saliva of 45 patients with OSCC or OPMDs and 9 controls (healthy volunteers) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: Immunohistochemical analysis revealed significantly higher expression of IL-8 in OSCC specimens and TNF-α in OSCCs and OPMDs with dysplasia as compared to NOM. Moreover, expression of TNF-α was significantly higher in o...
Journal article, 2023
Simple Summary: The incidence of oral cancer is increasing with little improvement in survival. This is due to late diagnosis with most cases diagnosed at a stage beyond a cure. In Sri Lanka, oral cancer is the most common cancer in males, carrying a high mortality rate. Identifying markers that can help in early detection is important for improving patient outcome. Here, we present findings from a study in Sri Lanka that assessed salivary interleukins in oral cancer and precancer patients compared to disease-free controls. Our results clearly show that the salivary protein levels of these interleukins progressively increase from disease-free participants through different grades of dysplasia with the highest levels reported in cancer patients. This has significant clinical potential, as assessment of salivary levels of these interleukins can be developed into non-invasive risk assessment tools for detecting disease progression in dysplasia, and as screening tests for early detection of oral cancer.
Alexandria Dental Journal, 2022
INTRODUCTION: Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) are infrequent tumors representing 2.5-7 % of all head and neck tumors. It's very difficult to reach proper diagnosis and prognosis depending on histomorphologic criteria alone due to overlapping clinicopathologic features. IL-10 is a homodimeric protein that has various anti-inflammatory and immune functions. In cancer, IL-10 has both immunosuppressive properties and anti-angiogenic properties. Several studies proved the prognostic role of IL-10 in different human cancers. However, its role in SGTs still needs to be confirmed. Ki-67 is a nuclear protein that is encoded by the gene MKi-67. Its expression as a proliferative cell and a prognostic marker has been largely investigated in many types of human tumors including those of salivary gland origin, such as acinic cell and adenoid cystic carcinomas. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate IL-10 and Ki-67 immunoexpression in benign and malignant SGTs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: IL-10 and Ki-67 expression was measured in 30 SGT cases (15 benign and 15 malignant) and 15 normal salivary gland tissue (NSGT). Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was carried out by the Labeled Strept-Avidin Biotin complex method (LSAB). RESULTS: IL-10 and Ki-67 expression was detected in normal salivary gland tissues (NSGT) as well as benign and malignant salivary gland tumors (SGTs) with different intensities. The Lowest expression levels were detected in normal salivary gland tissues, while the highest were detected in malignant salivary gland tumors. CONCLUSION: IL-10 and Ki-67 could be used as prognostic markers in salivary gland tumors.