Field Quality and Alignment of the Series Produced Superconducting Matching Quadrupoles for the LHC Insertions (original) (raw)
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After several years of effort, the construction of the superconducting matching quadrupoles for the LHC insertions is nearing completion. We retrace the main events of the project from the initial development of the quadrupole magnets of several types to the series production of over 100 complex superconducting magnets, and report on the techniques developed for steering of the production. The main performance parameters for the full series, such as quench training, field quality and magnet geometry are presented. The experience gained in the production of these special superconducting magnets is of considerable value for further development of the LHC insertions.
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Special individually powered superconducting quadrupoles are required for the LHC insertions. These units comprise quadrupole magnets of the MQM and MQY types and range in length from 5.4 m to 11.4 m. In total, 82 insertion quadrupoles will be assembled at CERN. In this paper we present the advance in construction of the magnets and report on the performance of the first series built units, including power tests and alignment of the cold masses.
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Individually powered superconducting quadrupoles with a coil bore of 70 mm will be installed in the LHC insertions, in areas where increased geometrical acceptance and improved field quality are required. The quadrupoles feature a four-layer coil, designed on the basis of two graded 8.3 mm wide Rutherford-type NbTi cables. The magnets have a magnetic length of 3.4 m and a nominal gradient of 160 T/m at 4.5 K and 3610 A. A total of 26 quadrupoles are in production at ACCEL Instruments (Germany). In this report we present the experience in fabrication of the pre-series magnets and the results of the initial qualification tests.
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The design and construction of a wide-aperture, superconducting quadrupole magnet for the LHC insertion region is part of a study towards a luminosity upgrade of the LHC at CERN. The engineering design of components and tooling, the procurement, and the construction work presented in this paper includes innovative features such as more porous cable insulation, a new collar structure allowing horizontal assembly with a hydraulic collaring press, tuning shims for the adjustment of field quality, a fishbone like structure for the ground-plane insulation, and an improved quench-heater design. Rapid prototyping of coil-end spacers and trial-coil winding led to improved shapes, thus avoiding the need to impregnate the ends with epoxy resin, which would block the circulation of helium.
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The future high luminosity (Hi-Lumi) upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN will include eight (plus two spares) 10.2 m-long Cryo-assemblies which will be components of the triplets for two LHC insertion regions. Each cold mass in the Cryo-assemblies will consist of two 4.2 m-long Nb3Sn high gradient quadrupole magnets, designated MQXFA, with aperture 150 mm and operating gradient 132.2 T/m, for a total of twenty magnets. Before assembling and testing the final cold masses at Fermilab, the component quadrupoles are being tested first at the vertical superconducting magnet test facility of the Superconducting Magnet Division (SMD) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), in superfluid He at 1.9 K and up to 18.0 kA, in accordance with operational requirements of the LHC. The tests of the first two full-length prototype quadrupole magnets MQXFAP1 and MQXFAP2 at BNL have been reported previously. The first two pre-series magnets, the first two that will be used in the LHC, have also now been tested. This paper reports on the quench test and training results of these two magnets. The test results of these magnets will be important for validating the final MQXFA design for operational magnets.
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IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity, 1997
The conceptual design study of a high gradient superconducting insertion quadrupole magnet has been carried out in collaboration between KEK and CERN for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to be built at CERN. A model magnet design has been optimized to provide a nominal design field gradient of 240 T/m with a bore aperture of 70 mm and an operational field gradient of 225 T/m at 1.9 K under radiation environment with a beam energy deposit of several watts per meter in the superconducting coils. The design and its optimization process are discussed.