Sustainability lesson learnt from the Traditional and Vernacular Architecture (original) (raw)
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Sustainability in Vernacular Architecture
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2023
Architecture is nothing but creating buildings which are more user friendly and functional along with its aesthetic aspects. Architecture has passed through stages of evolution and has been modi ed to satisfy the needs of the society of the present day. The modern or contemporary architecture adopts the materials and methods which have proven to be non-eco friendly. They are harming the environment and increasing greenhouse gas emissions. The buildings created with these methods and materials are not climate responsive and are thermally ine cient. There is a need to adopt the methods and materials of construction which are more friendly to the environment and create thermally e cient and comfortable buildings. Vernacular architecture is the style of construction which uses local materials and construction methods. The vernacular architecture has started when man started creating shelter for himself. It goes with local conditions of climate, materials, methods, and surroundings. This paper presents sustainability aspects of vernacular architecture. Sustainability is nothing but ful lling the needs of the present day without compromising the needs of the future generations. According to Brutland report, sustainability can be de ned as, " development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs". There is an e fort to analyse the climate responsibility of the structures created in the hot arid regions of north interior Karnataka. Hot arid regions of north interior Karnataka include districts of Vijayapura, Gulbarga, Bagalkot, Bidar and Raichur. The surveys are conducted in the residential buildings in the districts of Vijayapura , Bagalkot and Belgaum and comparative analysis of contemporary buildings with traditional buildings is made to check for the comfort factors. There is an e fort in this paper to emphasise the thermal e cient/ climate responsive methods and materials of construction used in vernacular architecture. This paper concentrates on the climatic zone of northern interior part of Karnataka namely the districts of Bijapur, Gulbarga, Bagalkot, Belgaum and Raichur. It also emphasises on thermal e ciency of the building, that is the creation of a strong envelope so that the building is protected by the extremes of the climate.
LEARNING FROM VERNACULAR FOR SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
As it is understood widely in the last years that; the term " sustainability " is neither a label nor an adjective for architecture, vice versa sustainable architecture is only " architecture ". Now, it is time to learn more and more from vernacular architecture. Especially in developing countries like Turkey, there is a great need for the analysis of vernacular houses as the examples of sustainable architecture. These houses having different physical and spatial properties depending on their locations in different geographical regions of Turkey, includes many cues which are necessary for the criteria of sustainable design and construction. In developing countries where the use of modern and energy saving construction systems and materials are much more rarer than the use of simple reinforced concrete constructions, these vernacular houses constitute a fruitful laboratory for tracing the cues of natural ventilation and lightening; traditional material use and traditional construction systems in micro scale. On the other hand, integration with the topography and local climatic conditions, suitability with local life styles and needs can also be traced in these neighbourhoods and their near environments in mezzo scale. Being conscious about the vitality of design for environment and build for people's needs and having the awareness of the determining role of architects both as designers and organizers in holistic and integrative projects, the authors evaluate vernacular houses in two different regions of Turkey built by two different cultures. Considering the valuable contributions of these vernacular houses to sustainable environments, some proposals developed for using their suitable properties in contemporary architectural projects. The paper consists of five sections with an introduction explaining the importance of vernacular architecture for sustainable physical and social environments. In the first and second sections analysis of the Greek houses in Bursa, Marmara Region, and the Turkmen houses in Antalya, Mediterranean Region is made in turn. In the third section the comparative analysis is made by means of their spatial organizations, physical and social characteristics. The conclusion of this paper explains the relationship of sustainable architectural design and vernacular architecture.
Sustainability in architecture between the past and the future
From the end of the last century, the environment became the chief of all research topics and studies in different fields. Architecture, for example, is one of these fields and a lot of titles were born in architecture to connect between architecture and environment such as, green architecture, sustainable architecture and environmental design. All of these titles are moving around the same orbit which is how to create a friendship between the built environment and the natural environment. Sustainable architecture, which is the topic of this research, seeks to minimize the negative environmental impact of buildings by enhancing efficiency and moderation in the use of materials, energy, and development space. If we go back to the traditional architecture, we will find many examples that achieved sustainability with traditional tools and tried to realize a friendship with the natural environment. So, sustainability isn't a recent idea but it was born in traditional architecture. So the research will demonstrate sustainability in traditional and modern architecture and discuss the difference in application of sustainability in architecture between past and present. The research will focus on Islamic architecture which is simultaneously an example of traditional architecture and it is a paradigm of sustainable architecture, starting from the urban planning scale reaching to the scale of building. The sustainability realization in the urban planning scale can be shown in the compact urban tissue and narrow anfractuous streets. The sustainability recognition in the building scale can be shown in the Islamic building in some elements such as, building material, proportions of openings, using courts, roofing and other environmental treatments that intend to diminish the thermal load. In addition, the research will spot the light on recent sustainable architecture and introduce some examples which illustrate using new technology in achieving sustainability The research will be summarized as follow: • Sustainable development • Sustainable architecture • Sustainability in Islamic Architecture • Sustainability in contemporary Architecture • Analytical case studies and applied projects
Effects of Sustainability Paradigm on Architecture
ABSTRACT: This paper delves into effects of sustainability on architectural theory and practice. Ideas related to environmental protection from the past decades, cumulated in sustainability as unique global action. Circumstances were not in favour of necessary level of requested changes, but positive effects are evident in adjustment of legal base, new procedures and standards. Concept of sustainable architecture is proclaimed mainstream, faded by selective interpretation and perceptible lag in developing of theoretical background. Real critical observation and researches of sustainability and sustainable architecture are still very rare. Reasons for it are many, first of all not all of architects understand sustainable architecture as relevant and it is not rare misunderstanding of sustainable architecture as energy efficiency eco-tecture or other environmentally related “tecture”. Furthermore, building industry in its complexity is typically tardiness in acceptance of anything new in general. However, sustainable architecture is positive in its essence but rising confusion about it has to be halted by more clarified definitions, qualitative researches and developing of more solid theoretical bases. Otherwise it will lose positivity, transferred on semantic level where will spread, and atomise to its limits and fade away
EVALUATION OF DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE VIA THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABILITY: Cases from Konya City Center
Reusing pre-existing buildings for new functions and thereby ensuring the transfer of cultural knowledge and experiences to future generations contributes significantly to cultural sustainability by enhancing the city's cultural life and the value of certain city areas. When reusing buildings the social aspect of the functions that will be assigned to these buildings that no longer serve their original function need to be considered as well, since such aspects form the basis of socio-cultural sustainability. The aim of this study was to evaluate various examples of domestic architecture at the Konya city center that no longer serve their original functions, within the context of socio-cultural sustainability. The common characteristics of these buildings, which are currently being reused as cafés or as the offices of the Conservation Board and the Chamber of Architects in Konya, is that they are all examples of authentic domestic architecture that are registered for preservation and are located in the city center. The contribution of these examples of domestic architecture to socio-cultural sustainability was analyzed by administering a questionnaire to university students and then evaluating the questionnaire results with descriptive statistics.
Sustainability, 2023
This study problematizes a case where the interpretation of local architectural types by a designer forms a new vernacular architecture that shapes the sphere of a newly developing small town towards one that became sustainable. The house built by Nail Cakirhan for himself in Akyaka (Turkey) opens up a new future in front of the small village of then, towards becoming a touristic center with a specific architectural language of its own. Cakirhan designs his house by interpreting the traditional houses of his hometown, Ula, which is only a few kilometers away from the village of Akyaka. The design of the house initiates the formation of a unique architectural language for Akyaka, which gradually evolves into a new vernacular architecture. Since then, this invented architectural tradition has both transformed the village into a popular touristic town and also initiated a sustainable approach due to its sensitivity for the cultural and natural assets of the context. This architectural language is protected by the master development plan now, and the town is declared as a ‘slow-city’ due to its culturally and environmentally sensitive character. In order to portray this development, this study will first examine Cakirhan’s house in relation to its referential and actual contexts, then it will observe the development of the town of Akyaka by means of looking at Cakirhan architecture in Akyaka, the master development plan of Akyaka that protects the architectural language, and the development of the town as a sustainable, slow-city. The portrayal of the architectural development of Akyaka could demonstrate how a fairly recent architectural practice can today result in the development of a sustainable and harmonious architectural environment.
Recognition of Dimensions of Sustainable Architecture (Case study; New Shoushtar Residential complex
Socio-spatial studies journal, 2017
The main purpose in this research is recognition of dimensions of sustainable architecture. Today, one of the most necessary complicated and delicate specifications of architecture that architects face with is the issue of stability in various types of its comments and interpretations. The issue of sustainability is interpretable and general from many aspects. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize the qualified of this adjective (architecture and its related categories). In the record of bringing this discussion up, we face with titles such as Green architecture, Sustainable development, etc. But the purpose of this article is the study of the nature and recognizing the circumstances and essence of sustainability in all fields that architecture involves in. The innovation of this study is attentive to creating the recognition and feeling the fact of dimensions of sustainability that is studied in procedure of library research, a case sample, and proposal of common but insufficient ideas related to this discussion. This article is devoted to 3 point of views including main environmental, cultural (value), and technical, and it tries to take the proposed topics under the subjection of this 3 factors in an orderly way (presenting a modern pattern) and the minor factors are studied under the subjection of these 3 main factors.
IJERT-Vernacular Architecture as a Strategy Toward Sustainable Building Design
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2014
https://www.ijert.org/vernacular-architecture-as-a-strategy-toward-sustainable-building-design https://www.ijert.org/research/vernacular-architecture-as-a-strategy-toward-sustainable-building-design-IJERTV3IS061360.pdf In the current research, not only contemporary needs are considered, but also future needs are not forgotten and are tried to be fulfilled by inspiration from vernacular architecture. In conjunction with that, in most of the developing countries, the concept of sustainable architecture is not extensively considered yet, although these countries have a priority for resolving many prevailing problems. While many professionals and scholars criticize the quality of current architecture and energy consumption in the world, vernacular climate responsive constructions seem to be on appropriate patterns. Consuming technology and material of their own time, these constructions provide their users with environmental comfort conditions along with minimum ecological footprint and energy consumption. Therefore, this article has aimed to understand the solutions used in vernacular architecture in Iran, with an emphasis on hot and dry regions of cities such as Esfahan, Yazd and Kashan. Three factors were found to have significance: effect of climate on building form in arid-hot regions of Iran; constructional patterns based on climatic designs, for instance in basements, courtyards, Ivan, domical ceilings and porches; widely ranged behavioral patterns as intelligent responses to climate, seen in former lifestyles. All factors were analyzed since they were worthy evidences of lifestyle and knowledge used in order to overcome hot summers in considerable parts of the country. Hence, the investigation goes on finding the ways on which these solutions can be carried, and how they can be implemented in the current low energy designs. In current building design, only following the formal elements is not enough, then their thermal rules should be looked upon as well so to take advantage of the logic behind them. Hence, the methodology of the study is based on a theoretical approach supported mainly by the outcomes of the literature review and case study analysis. Apart from that, the research involves fieldwork, and more specifically deskwork studying, as a form of qualitative method of data collection. Finally, results support a better design to overcome the current global energy crisis as well as maintaining a high level of self-consciousness.
Iranian traditional architecture has been proportional with environmental and climatic conditions and has a special identity. This paper tries to introduce and study the elements and components of traditional architecture in Tabriz. In this study, in addition to library method, the precise identification of the components of traditional architecture of Tabriz's climate has been done by field study method. In the present research, firstly, a definition of sustainable architecture and its principles and the purpose of sustainable design have been presented. Then, the properties of climate of Tabriz and also the effect of this climate on urban context, size, plan and orientations of its buildings have been studied. Finally, the strategies of traditional architecture in this city have been examined and analyzed, and it is hoped that identification of these traditional strategies can create a useful ground for applying these strategies in new spaces.
Concepts in Sustainable Architecture and Critical Approaches on the Ecological Effect
Journal of International Social Research
The concept of sustainability in the 1970s is the result of human awareness for the environmental and the humanity issues, consist of cultural, social and economic problems. One of the most important goals of the sustainable development is to preserve nature and modify its perspective, and the manifestation of sustainable development in the environmental aspects is called sustainable architecture. Albeit the results of today's crises are well recognized, but the most of the presented solutions for environmental problems in a sustainable architecture seems to be ineffective and incomplete. Nevertheless, despite to the proposed solutions to the environmental problems, their approach to the nature keeps disconnected, and the eternal nature value remains non-restored. The purpose of this research is to seek for environmental theories of sustainable development and sustainable architecture. Thereby, it may complete its deficiencies by employing comparison of attitudes towards nature. In this way, this article firstly describes the goals of the sustainable development and sustainable architecture and secondly, it presents its solutions in order to identify its defects and can propose a more complete policy. Although sustainable development has ecological, economic and cultural-social roots, but, the role of the nature becomes more apparent with the search of the problems facing contemporary humans and their solution in the sustainable architecture. At the end of this paper, the nature and its broad meaning have been studied, which can determine the triple relationship of the human, the nature and the architecture. Considering the role of the human as well as architecture as a process that leads to sustainability, it will be the other important point in modifying the relationship between human, nature and architecture.