Signalpfeiferl aus drei Jahrtausenden in Wien und Niederösterreich. Akustische Untersuchungen an Originalen und Nachbauten (original) (raw)
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Von römischen Glocken und awarischen Schellen – frühgeschichtliche Idiophone aus Wien
Študijné zvesti Archeologického ústavu SAV, 2022
of roman Bells and avar ringbells – prehistoric idiophones from Vienna The article presents Roman bells and Avar bell finds from Vienna. Excavations within the area of ancient Vienna (Vindobona) unearthed 25 bells. They were found in the military camp, the canabae legionis, both in the first district of Vienna, the civil town in the third Viennese district and near ancient roads. They are cast in diverse copper-alloys (Cu-Sn-Pb; Cu-Sn-Zn-Pb; Cu-Pb) and forged from iron sheet. A larger amount originates from metallurgic workshops and probably were produced there. The sizes vary from 7 mm up to 91 mm. The copper-alloy bells are classified into four types and the iron bells only in one type. Whereas none of the larger bells can be associated with a more precise function, the tiny bells served as jewellery and apotropaic pendants on necklaces and bracelets. Bells were signal instruments to regulate the daily life of a settlement, served as apotropaic wind chimes in various buildings, courtyards and gardens, decorated grazing animals and were part of the harness of draught, pack and riding ani- mals. They also played a role in religious life. From the Avar period 21 pellet bells, three tutuli shaped bells and two bells are known in Vienna. Mostly they were found in children’s and a few adults burials. Some horses had pellet bells as parts of the bridle and saddle. One dog wore a pellet bells on its collar. Pellet bells were cast in copper alloys (Cu-Sn-Pb; Cu-Sn-Zn-Pb) and forged in metal sheets (Fe, Bz). Their surfaces are smooth ore decorated. Small pebbles or bronze balls are enclosed in the rattles. They are classified into five basic shapes. Pellet bells probably served as apotropaic amulets and jewellery. They were not very common in the Avar communities, because they appear only in a few graves from the middle of the 7th c. onwards. Well-preserved bells and pellet bells were recorded and ana- lysed acoustically and psychoacoustically. Their frequencies range from 1.2 – 20 kHz. Both types are bright and sharp in sound but hardly rough.
Die Pfeilerfiguren im Langhaus von St. Stephan in Wien
2012
The subject of this study deals with the concept and function of the 77 statues which are situated in hierarchically staggered conopies at the pillars in the nave of St. Stephan in Vienna. In research until now an apparent lack of concept in this configuration has been found out, though traces of an originally existing layout have also been located. Attempted reconstructions could not convince, since the structural and liturgical data of St Stephan were not considered sufficiently and also the documentation of the Bundesdenkmalamt of the 1988,1989, and 1990 was not yet available. After checking this restoration report against the pillar statues, the research into written and material sources concerning the liturgy and functional equipment of the nave of St. Stephan, as well as the analysis of construction of the building based on newest literature of research, this study should demonstrate the original concept and function of the layout by means of the iconographically positively de...
ArchA 103, 2019
Im Rahmen des Projekts "BergbauLandschaftWien" wurden 2016 bis 2018 intensive Forschungen zum neolithischen Radiolaritberg-bau in der St. Veiter Klippenzone in Wien und dessen direktem Um-land durchgeführt. Die Arbeiten umfassten Prospektion im Gelände, Archivrecherche und Aufnahme bzw. Überprüfung von Altfunden sowie eine kleine Flächengrabung am Gemeindeberg. Als beson-ders vielversprechendes Gebiet stellte sich das Naturschutzgebiet "Lainzer Tiergarten" heraus, wo bis Ende 2018 insgesamt 15 bislang unbekannte Abbau-bzw. Nutzungsstellen entdeckt wurden. Diese wurden anhand "bergbautypischer" Oberflächenfunde wie artifizi-elle Trümmerstücke (Abbauschutt), Entrindungsabschläge, precores, Schlagsteine etc. bei gleichzeitigem Fehlen charakteristischer Sied-lungsfunde als solche identifiziert. Zudem erfolgten erste Schritte zur Einbindung der Abbaustellen in die umgebende Siedlungslandschaft und Infrastruktur, um die sozioökonomische Dimension des Berg-bauphänomens zu erfassen. Die Nutzung des "Wiener Radiolarits" ist vom Paläolithikum bis in die Bronzezeit belegt, der eigentliche Bergbau dürfte aber überwiegend im Neolithikum umgegangen sein. Als vorläufiges Ergebnis bleibt festzuhalten, dass die Dimensionen der neolithischen Radiolaritgewinnung in Wien bisher völlig unter-schätzt wurden. Es handelt sich nicht, wie bislang angenommen, um vereinzelte Befunde, sondern um ein prähistorisches Bergbaugebiet von europäischem Rang und beträchtlicher Ausdehnung-und mit einem enormen Forschungs-und Erkenntnispotential. Schlüsselbegriffe Bergbau, Radiolarit, Neolithikum, Wien, Klippenzone, Ressourcen-management. Abstract-Newly Discovered Radiolarite Mining in Vienna. Importance and Use of the St. Veit Klippen Belt in the Neolithic Within the framework of the project 'BergbauLandschaftWien' extensive research concerning Neolithic mining activities in the St. Veit Klippen Belt was undertaken between 2016 and 2018 in Vien-na and the immediate catchment area. These investigations included surveys, archival research and the recording as well as re-evaluation of old collections, and a small-scale excavation at the Gemeindeberg in Vienna. An especially promising area is the nature reserve known as the 'Lainzer Tiergarten', where altogether 15 so-far unknown ra-diolarite quarrying and workshop areas were detected by the end of 2018. They were identified based on surface finds characteristic for prehistoric quarrying, such as artificial (quarrying) debris, decortifi-cation flakes, precores, hammer stones, etc., in combination with the absence of indications for regular settlement activities. Additionally, initial steps towards incorporating the mining landscape into the surrounding settlement and infrastructure were undertaken in order to grasp the socioeconomic dimensions of these mining activities. The use of 'Vienna radiolarite' is evidenced from the Palaeolithic to the Bronze Age; the heydays of mining however appear to be a Neo-lithic phenomenon. Our preliminary results indicate that the scale of Neolithic radiolarite mining in Vienna has been dramatically underestimated. We are not dealing with isolated findings as previously assumed, but, on the contrary, with a prehistoric mining landscape of European rank and significant extent, providing unprecedented research potential.
Abstract During an interdisciplinary collaboration, prehistoric archaeologists and systematic musicologists (both from institutes of the University of Vienna), carried out fundamental research in archaeoacoustics for the first time in Austria, using acoustic measurement equipment and analytical techniques. Five instruments from different periods and places of discovery, reconstructed to scale, were recorded in the semi-anechoic chamber at the Institute of Musicology of the University of Vienna. Timbres, spectral shapes, pitch ranges, modulations in frequency and dynamics and the resulting spectral changes were analysed. Measurements of room acoustics were made in full-scale replicas of a longhouse from the Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture and of a semi-subterranean pit dwelling from the La Tène period. The intention was to gain a better understanding of the listening habits of earlier ages and to develop an approach to describe the potential role of the scientific study of room acoustics for music and speech. The building materials (wood, straw and clay) are soundabsorbent to a large extent, and additionally a lot of sound energy is lost because of gaps in the walls. Thus reverberation times are quite low in both buildings. The acoustic influence of the rooms is rather small, and there is hardly any difference when compared to an open field.