Composition and toxic, repellent and feeding deterrent activity of essential oils against the stored-grain pests Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (original) (raw)
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Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Stored grains represent main constituent of food in Egypt. Tribolium castaneum comes on the top of stored grain pests causing up to 40% weight reduction of stored grains. Therefore, its control is urgent. This study aimed to evaluate the insecticidal activity of four essential oils (Eos) extracted from Allium sativum (garlic), Cinnamomum camphora (camphor), Syzygium aromaticum (clove) and Brassica junicea (mustarda) against adults T. castaneum. Also, the effects of these oils on biology and physiology of T. castaneum were tested. In addition, the effect of the tested oils on wheat seeds germination was determined. Gas chromatograph-Mass spectrophoto-metry was used to analyze the major constituent of the tested essential oils. Results indicated that the four tested essential oils have insecticidal, anti-feedant, and repellent activities against adult T. castaneum. Clove has the highest insecticidal activity with LC50 (1.44 mg/kg) followed by garlic (2.09 mg/kg), Camphor (2.75 mg/kg), and Mustard (3.67 mg/kg). the results also showed that clove oil had the highest residual effect, its insecticidal effect extended to the seventh week from the treatment. Results also showed that the clove and camphor have adverse effect on T. castaneum adult physiology. Also, the tested Eos to some extent affect seed germination, meanwhile the garlic and camphor oils showed the lowest effect. Mass spectra results revealed different bioactive components, as Fatty acids, decanes, cosane, and sulphide groups. Finally, results demonstrated that clove and garlic oils showed low cytotoxic effect. In conclusion. The tested essential oils could be considered as promising effective and safe alternatives for synthetic insecticides to control stored grain pests.
The ovicidal, repellent and toxic activities of three essential oils extracted from clove, Syzgium aromaticum (L.) Merril and Percy; West African black pepper (WABP), Piper guineense Schum and Thonn. and Ethiopian pepper, Xylopia aethiopica (Dunn) A. Rich were evaluated against the rust-red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.) under laboratory conditions (20-39 O C; 41-58% RH). Five pairs of 2-to 3day old adult T. castaneum were allowed to oviposit for 20 days on 20 g of 20% broken pearl millet grain contained in 50 ml glass jar with a lid. After 20 days, all dead and live insects were removed from the jars. Thereafter, four rates (0.75, 1.50, 2.25 and 3.00 mg) of each essential oil carried in 2 ml analytical grade acetone were used to treat the seeds and progeny emergence was recorded for three generations. The same rates of essential oil as described above were assayed against thirty larvae and adults T. castaneum as repellant on a 30 cm 3 Whatman No. 1 filter paper. The number of insects repelled on both treated and untreated half discs of filter paper was recorded after 30 min. Both the ovicidal and repellent treatment were set up in a randomized complete block design with a split plot arrangement and replicated three times. In the toxicity study 30 unsexed adults and larvae of T. castaneum were treated with the same rates of essential oils carried in 2 ml analytical grade acetone and admixed with 20 g of 20% broken grain in a 50 ml glass jar with a lid. Adult and larval mortality was taken 24 h after and results were subjected to probit analysis. The experiment was carried out in a complete randomized design replicated three times. All the control batches were treated with 2 ml of pure analytical grade acetone alone. The three essential oils were able to reduce progeny emergence of T. castaneum significantly than in the control treatments. Higher number of adults emerged in Ethiopian pepper than in clove and WABP. There was however no significant difference (p≥0.05) between clove and WABP. The efficacy of the dosage rate was dose dependent as less number of adults emerged in higher concentration than in lower concentrations. The three essential oils evoked classes II-V repellency rates. There was no significant difference (p≥0.05) between the three oils, but the dosage rates were statistically different (p≤0.05) from each other. Values for repellency test against adult T. castaneum ranged for clove oil between 83.20-99.62%, WABP 88.50-99.62% and Ethiopian pepper 91.70-97.70%; while in the case of repellency for larva, 61-100% for clove; 25.60-100% for WABP and 40.50-86.30% for Ethiopian pepper. In the toxicity test, the entire essential oil caused 100% mortality of both adult and larva of T. castaneum albeit at higher dosage rates. The LC 50 for clove was 0.40 (adults), 0.46 (larvae); WABP 0.21 (adults), 0.54 (larvae) and Ethiopian pepper 1.78 (adults), 0.67 (larvae)/ 20 g seed.
Communications in agricultural and applied biological sciences
Essential oils of aromatic plants with insecticidal properties are more and more considered as alternative insecticides to protect stored products. Many banned insecticides have high persistence which allow them to occur at several levels of trophic chains. The aim of the present work is to analyse the persistence of insecticidal activity of crude essential oil of three most used local aromatic plants : Annona senegalensis Pers. (Annonaceae), Hyptis spicigera L. (Lamiaceae) and Lippia rugosa L. (Verbenaceae) towards the four majors stored product insect pests: Sitophilus zeamais Motsch., Sitophilus oryzae L., Callosobruchus maculatus Fab. and Tribolium castaneum Herbst. This research revealed that H. spicigera essential oil was the most active towards S. oryzae with a LD50 = 20.18ppm. T. castaneum was the less sensitive insect to the three essential oils tested. During a period of 24 hours L. rugosa essential oil was the most persistent, showing mortalities for S. zeamais of 80%, S. oryzae more than 60%, C. maculatus 100% and T. castaneum 50%. The two other oils tested were not as persistent as L. rugosa. This important persistence of the essential oil of L. rugosa could be explained by its high content of oxygenated compounds compared to that of the other oils. This most interesting essential oil is therefore a suitable one for popularisation in strategies of pest management in storage.
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2020
In this study, insecticidal effects of the essential oils obtained from plants Ocimum basilicum L., Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Artemisia dracunculus L. on confused flour beetle (Tribolium confusum du Val., 1863 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)) and bean weevil (Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say), 1831 (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)) adults were tested in laboratory conditions. In this context, T. confusum and A. obtectus adults were exposed to essential oils at 10 and 20 μL/petri doses for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. All of the essential oils used in the study caused mortalities at different rates in two application doses but end of the 96 h all mortality rates were obtained similar (O. basilicum 98.3%, R. officinalis 98.3%, A. dracunculus 93.3% against T. confusum adults; O. basilicum 100%, R. officinalis 100%, A. dracunculus 100% against A. obtectus adults). It was determined that the effects of essential oils on A. obtectus adults were greater than T. confusum adults. Especially when the dosage was 20 μL, the death rate increased up to over 95% after 96 h for all types. The mortality rates increased with increasing exposure period at the 48, 72 and 96 h. in all applications. The results of the study suggest that essential oils from O.basilicum and R.officinalis could have a potential as control agents against A. obtectus and T.confusum adults under storage conditions.
Biology, 2021
Simple Summary There is a growing need to preserve stored products and cereal grains from loss of weight and quality during storage. Tribolium castaneum Herbst is known as a serious pest of stored products. Several studies have estimated the efficacy of essential oils (EOs) against T. castaneum but still not enough information on the comparison between repellency and toxicity effects for the EOs. So, this study was to compare the repellency and toxicity effects of eight EOs against the adults of T. castaneum. The results indicated that the 5, 10, and 15% concentrations of Syzygium aromaticum EO had a higher repellent effect against T. castaneum than A. sativum, E. camaldulensis, L. officinalis, S. chinensis, M. chamomilla, C. limon, and P. dulcis after 30 min of exposure. Moreover, the use of Prunus dulcis and Matricaria chamomilla EOs caused a significantly higher mortality percentage than Syzygium aromaticum, Allium sativum, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Lavandula officinalis, and Sim...
Applied Entomology and Zoology, 2008
Essential oils of eight plants growing in Egypt were isolated by hydrodistillation. The chemical composition of the isolated oils was examined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In the contact toxicity assay, the oils of Mentha microphylla and Artemisia judaica were the most potent against Sitophilus oryzae. When tested against Tribolium castaneum, the oils of M. microphylla, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and A. judaica showed the highest activity among the test oils with M. microphylla being the most potent. In the fumigant assay, the oil of M. microphylla displayed the strongest insecticidal activity against S. oryzae (LC 50 ϭ0.21 ml/L), while the oils of Lantana camara (LC 50 ϭ29.47 ml/L) and E. camaldulensis (LC 50 ϭ30.81 ml/L) revealed good activity. In the case of T. castaneum, the oil of M. microphylla (LC 50 ϭ4.51 ml/L) was the most effective, followed by Citrus reticulata (LC 50 ϭ19.47 ml/L) and Schinus terebenthifolius (LC 50 ϭ20.50 ml/L). The most interesting finding in this study is the potent contact and fumigant toxicity of M. microphylla oil against S. oryzae and T. castaneum. These results suggested that M. microphylla oil could be used as a potential control agent for S. oryzae and T. castaneum.
Entomological Research, 2017
In this study, repellent and fumigant activities of Tanacetum tomentosum and Ta. dolichophyllum essential oils were investigated against Tribolium castaneum. Results showed that both oils had effective fumigant and repellent activities. Tanacetum tomentosum oil emerged as more potent than Ta. dolichophyllum oil with LC 50 values of 6.85 and 4.32 μL/0.25 L air after 24 and 48 h of exposure, respectively. Ta. tomentosum oil also showed more repellent activity than Ta. dolichophyllum oil by exhibiting repellent activity in the range of 38.70-82.35%. Chemical analysis of both oils revealed that β-bisabolene (50.0%) was the major component of Ta. tomentosum oil and that β-eudesmol (31.4%) and α-bisabolol (10.7%) were the major components of Ta. dolichophyllum oil. Doses of 40 and 80 μL/0.5 L air of both oils significantly protected 500 g of wheat grains for up to 6 months from insect infestation, without causing any side effects in the germination rates; the order of germination rates was Ta. tomentosum (89.45%) > Ta. dolichophyllum (86.78%). Thus, this study suggests that essential oils from Ta. tomentosum and Ta. dolichophyllum can be used as potential alternative botanical fumigants for controlling Tr. castaneum.
Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 2018
The literature on efficacy of plant essential oils and their constituents for the management of Tribolium spp. (T. castaneum and T. confusum), instigating infestation of a variety of stored grains and their products is reviewed here. Both species caused significant losses in the diverse food grains and their products through infestation. Essential oils of higher plants showed potential activity in the management of these infestation driven losses. Researchers have found that essential oils and their chemical constituents have significant toxicity against both the species of Tribolium via different modes of action like repellent, insecticidal, ovicidal, larvicidal, pupicidal, ovipositional and feeding deterrent actions. Concerning repellency and in vivo bioassays, few studies have been done with the essential oils against T. confusum, thus, more investigations are required to find the repellent agents against this insect. There are some essential oil-based botanical insecticides which have been proved effective for the protection of food grains from both beetles during storage. These botanical insecticides also exhibited behaviour altering properties against both beetles, thus, reducing the problem of pest resistance which is a problem with conventional insecticides. Therefore, essential oils-based botanical insecticides may be preferred option than conventional insecticides for protecting stored grains and their products against Tribolium infestation.