URBAN RAIL TRANSPORT AND ITS ROLE IN A MODERNIZING SOCIETY AT THE TURN OF THE 20TH CENTURY (original) (raw)
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Czechoslovak light rail — Legacy of socialist urbanism or opportunity for the future
This article focuses on the development of the Czechoslovak 'rychlá tramvaj' ('fast tram') systems in Prague, Bratislava and Brno. Its aim is to examine whether these systems meet the requirements of light rail and whether it is possible to continue their development as a functional light rail city transport system. A further aim is a detailed analysis of the conditions and contexts affecting the gradual development of 'rychlá tramvaj' schemes in three selected metropolises in the former Czechoslovakia. Urban development in Czechoslovakia was affected by the socialist planning system that constructed large housing estates on the edges of metropolises during the 1970s and 1980s. As a result, many commuters had to be moved between them and city centres daily; therefore, the necessity for high-capacity 'rychlá tramvaj' connections became apparent. After socio-political changes in 1989, a market economy was introduced and the trends of commercial and residential suburbanization have modified the spatial structure of the cities, and mobility has begun to be increasingly dependent on cars. In response to this, city councils departed from further development of 'rychlá tramvaj' schemes. Currently, the emphasis on sustainable mobility is apparent, principally because of smart city solutions, an environmental focus and a common European transport policy; thus, municipalities are rediscovering the virtues of light rail lines again. Because the 'rychlá tramvaj' systems from the 1970s and 1980s are still in operation, transforming them into modern light rail systems appears to be a convenient and cheap solution. Fast tram ('rychlá tramvaj') Prague Bratislava Brno
THE PROCESS OF CREATING SOCIAL NETWORKS, THEIR SIGNIFICANCE AND ROLE DURING THE FORMATION OF MODERN SOCIETY, 2018
This paper is focused at interaction between individual interest groups which could have intervened and, as it was proven, they had intervened in the agenda of urban rail transport. It analyzes the process from the perspective of its participants-municipal self-governments and other interested parties. Our research is based on an example of selected Moravian and Silesian towns at the turn of 19th and 20th century with necessary time overlaps. The study concentrates primarily on the issues of how local self-governments approached tenders for urban rail transport providers. Also it looks at the type of information they preferred, how they obtained it and how the information acquired this way enabled them to respond to modern technologies, i.e. mainly electricity. At the same time the study takes into account other processes which were shown in the Cisleithanian part of the Habsburgh Monarchy at this time. It concentrates at the importance of development in municipal self-government and also at other, mainly national, aspects of these processes. The aim of our paper is to answer the question if, even in the case of urban rail transport, connections between its participants can be characterised as 'networks' or rather as 'information nodes.'
The Concept of Railway Transport in the Czech Republic
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The contribution focuses on the position of rail logistics in the transport market in the Czech Republic. In the context of the drive for an even division of transport work between modes, a survey has been carried out on the development of rail transport since 2010. Based on correlation and regression analysis, predictions for future development have been established concerning to transport flows of goods on import or export by rail. These predictions are very important in the feasibility studies of track reconstruction. The lack of capacity of the main corridors should be addressed in the light of the development and need for capacity enhancement of individual lines, rather than the current estimates of the transport companies, which do not have information on their future contracts.
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The Electrification of Tramways in Ostrava in 1900–1901
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The electrification of Tramways in Ostrava 1900-1901
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Comparison of Urban and Suburban Rail Transport in Germany and in the Czech Republic 1
Rail transport is an environmentally friendly form of passenger transport which can be utilized effectively also in urban and suburban transport systems. The paper describes the urban and suburban rail transport system including comparison of selected Czech (Prague, Brno and Ostrava) and German metropolitan regions (Munich, Nuremberg and Dresden). Its aim is to analyze the importance of various factors influencing the differences between the situation in Germany and in the Czech Republic. Therefore, the research question is whether these differences are primarily caused by a different liberalization stage, or whether they are a result of other factors such as available infrastructure, investment level, rail transport services budget, structure and activity of ordering bodies and coordinators or geographical context. The supply of city and suburban rail transport is quite good in Germany and in the Czech Republic, although trains in Munich, Nuremberg and Dresden run more frequently, faster and are better interconnected with car transport. German rail transport sector is at a higher stage of liberalization, and tendering procedures are the preferred selection method for contractor carriers. However, a degree of liberalization of the railway sector is not the key marker indicating a better standard of urban and suburban rail transport in Germany because it is the high standard which is achieved as the consequence of the professional activity of the ordering bodies and train service coordinators in combination with geographical conditions, available financial sources and effective transport infrastructure. On the other hand, the importance of liberalization cannot be totally overlooked as tenders are a tool for the ordering bodies to strongly affect the price and quality of transport services in their area. The supply of better quality and attractive transport to passengers could increase the usage of rail transport in metropolitan regions and could have indirect but important socioeconomic impacts.
Changes, problems, and challenges of passenger railway transport in Slovakia
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Changes, problems, and challenges of passenger railway transport in Slovakia The passenger railway transport system in Slovakia, during the last almost thirty years, has undergone many changes and it has faced many problems and new challenges. The change of the socioeconomic system, the splitting of Czechoslovakia, the process of accession to the EU and membership of Slovakia have influenced transport system in Slovakia. The main aim of this article is to identify main changes, problems and challenges of passenger railway transport in Slovakia after 1989. Attention is paid to the changing position of railway transport in the transport of persons in Slovakia. Article is also focused on the changes of organisation of railway transport in Slovakia and its deregulation, liberalisation, and starting of competition in passenger railway transport with the example of comparison of the operation of the state and the private carriers. The specific governmental measure, a zero-fare public railway transport services for selected groups of passengers, has significantly influenced a passenger railway transport in Slovakia since 2014.