Modeling Soft Contact Mechanism of Biological Cells Using an Atomic Force Bio-Microscope (original) (raw)
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This paper presents a fully automated microrobotic system based on force/vision referenced control designed for cell mechanical characterization. The design of the prototype combines Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) techniques with advanced robotics approaches. As a result, accurate and non-destructive mechanical characterization based on soft contact interactions mechanics are achieved. The in vitro working conditions are supported by the experimental setup so that mechanical characterizations can be performed in biological environmental requirements as well as in cyclical operating mode during several hours. The design and calibration of the different modules which compose the experimental setup are detailed. Experimentation on the mechanical cell characterization under in vitro conditions on human adherent cervix Epithelial Hela cells are presented to demonstrate the viability and effectiveness of the proposed setup.
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This paper deals with the development of an open design platform for characterization of mechanical cellular behavior. The resulting setup combines Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) techniques and advanced robotic approaches in order to carry out both prolonged observations and spatial measurements on biological samples. Visual and force feedback is controlled to achieve automatic data acquisition and to monitor process when high skills are required. The issue of the spring constant calibration is addressed using an accurate dynamic vibration approach. Experimentation on the mechanical cell characterization under in vitro conditions on human adherent Epithelial Hela cells demonstrates the viability and effectiveness of the proposed setup. Finally, the JKR (Johnson, Kendall and Roberts), the DMT (Derjaguin, Muller and Toporov) and Hertz contact theories are used to estimate the contact area between the cantilever and the biological sample. (S. Régnier).
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Mechanical coupling between living cells is a complex process that is important for a variety of biological processes. In this study the effects of specific biochemical treatment on cell-to-cell adhesion and single cell mechanics were systematically investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) single cell force spectroscopy. Functionalised AFM tipless cantilevers were used for attaching single suspended cells that were brought in contact with substrate cells. Cell-to-cell adhesion parameters, such as maximum unbinding force (F max) and work or energy of detachment (W D), were extracted from the retraction force-displacement (F-d) curves. AFM indentation experiments were performed by indenting single cells with a spherical microbead attached to the cantilever. Hertzian contact model was applied to determine the elastic modulus (E) of single cells. Following treatment of the cells with neutralising antibody for epithelial (E)-cadherin, F max was increased by 25%, whereas W D decreased by 11% in response to a 43% increase in E. The results suggest that although the adhesion force between cells was increased after treatment, the energy of adhesion was decreased due to the reduced displacement separation as manifested by the loss of elastic deformation. Conclusively, changes in single cell mechanics are important underlying factors contributing to cell-to-cell adhesion and hence cytomechanical characterization is critical for cell adhesion measurements.
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Cellular force is essential in maintaining the normal function of a biological cell. The primary goal of this study is to develop experimental methods to quantitatively determine forces generated from cell contraction and cell-to-cell adhesion. A novel method has been developed to measure the cell contraction forces exerted within a cell-embedded collagen matrix. The technique provides a 3D cell-matrix model which allows estimation of the cell contraction forces over a certain period of time. It was found that embedded fibroblast cells are able to cause a shrinkage of their surrounding matrix due to cell contractility. Tailored equipment which has ultimate force and displacement resolutions of 10 nN and 100 nm respectively has been constructed to accurately determinate the elasticity of cell-embedded collagen matrix. In combination with a mathematical model, the cell contraction force can be calculated based on the geometric parameters of the collagen matrix before and after the shr...
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This paper presents a fully automated microrobotic system based on force/vision referenced control designed for mechanical cell characterization. The design of the prototype combines Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) techniques with advanced robotics approaches. As a result, accurate and non-destructive mechanical characterization based on soft contact mechanisms are achieved. The in vitro working conditions are supported by the experimental setup so that mechanical characterization can be performed in biological environmental requirements as well as in cyclical operating mode during several hours. The design of the different modules which compose the experimental setup is detailed. Mechanical cell characterization experiments under in vitro conditions on human cervix Epithelial Hela adherent cells are presented to demonstrate the viability and effectiveness of the proposed setup.
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This paper presents a fully automated microrobotic system based on force/vision referenced control designed for cell mechanical characterization. The design of the prototype combines Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) techniques with advanced robotics approaches. As a result, accurate and non-destructive mechanical characterization based on soft contact interactions mechanics are achieved. The in vitro working conditions are supported by the experimental setup so that mechanical characterizations can be performed in biological environmental requirements as well as in cyclical operating mode during several hours. The design and calibration of the different modules which compose the experimental setup are detailed. Experimentation on the mechanical cell haracterization under in vitro conditions on human adherent cervix Epithelial Hela cells are presented to demonstrate the viability and effectiveness of the proposed setup.