A note on leakage-resilient authenticated key exchange (original) (raw)
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IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences, 2005
Authenticated Key Establishment (AKE) protocols enable two entities, say a client (or a user) and a server, to share common session keys in an authentic way. In this paper, we review the previous AKE protocols, all of which turn out to be insecure, under the following realistic assumptions: (1) High-entropy secrets that should be stored on devices may leak out due to accidents such as bugs or mis-configureations of the system; (2) The size of human-memorable secret, i.e. password, is short enough to memorize, but large enough to avoid on-line exhaustive search;
IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences, 2007
Both mutual authentication and generation of session keys can be accomplished by an authenticated key exchange (AKE) protocol. Let us consider the following situation: (1) a client, who communicates with many different servers, remembers only one password and has insecure devices (e.g., mobile phones or PDAs) with very-restricted computing power and built-in memory capacity; (2) the counterpart servers have enormous computing power, but they are not perfectly secure against various attacks (e.g., virus or hackers); (3) neither PKI (Public Key Infrastructures) nor TRM (Tamper-Resistant Modules) is available. The main goal of this paper is to provide security against the leakage of stored secrets as well as to attain high efficiency on client's side. For those, we propose an efficient and leakage-resilient RSA-based AKE (RSA-AKE) protocol suitable for the above situation whose authenticity is based on password and another secret. In the extended model where an adversary is given access to the stored secret of client, we prove that its security of the RSA-AKE protocol is reduced tightly to the RSA one-wayness in the random oracle model. We also show that the RSA-AKE protocol guarantees several security properties (e.g., security of password, multiple sever scenario with only one password, perfect forward secrecy and anonymity). To our best knowledge, the RSA-AKE protocol is the most efficient, in terms of both computation costs of client and communication costs, over the previous AKE protocols of their kind (using password and RSA). key words: authenticated key exchange, passwords, on-line and off-line dictionary attacks, RSA, leakage of stored secrets, efficiency, perfect forward secrecy
Security of a leakage-resilient protocol for key establishment and mutual authentication
2007
We revisit Shin et al.'s leakage-resilient password-based authenticated key establishment protocol (LR-AKEP) and the security model used to prove the security of LR-AKEP. By refining the Leak oracle in the security model, we show that LR-AKE (1) can, in fact, achieve a stronger notion of leakage-resilience than initially claimed and (2) also achieve an additional feature of traceability, not previously mentioned.
Weaknesses in a leakage-resilient authenticated key transport protocol
2005
In this paper we demonstrate the existence of a number of weaknesses in a leakage-resilient authenticated key transport protocol due to Shin, Kobara and Imai. The weaknesses imply that the protocol cannot achieve the security goals claimed by its designers. We also propose an enhanced protocol which is immune to some of these vulnerabilities.
Leakage-Resilient Authenticated Key Establishment Protocols
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2003
Authenticated Key Establishment (AKE) protocols enable two entities, say a client (or a user) and a server, to share common session keys in an authentic way. In this paper, we review AKE protocols from a little bit different point of view, i.e. the relationship between information a client needs to possess (for authentication) and immunity to the respective leakage of stored secrets from a client side and a server side. Since the information leakage would be more conceivable than breaking down the underlying cryptosystems, it is desirable to enhance the immunity to the leakage. First and foremost, we categorize AKE protocols according to how much resilience against the leakage can be provided. Then, we propose new AKE protocols that have immunity to the leakage of stored secrets from a client and a server (or servers), respectively. And we extend our protocols to be possible for updating secret values registered in server(s) or password remembered by a client.
Strongly Leakage-Resilient Authenticated Key Exchange
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2016
Authenticated Key Exchange (AKE) protocols have been widely deployed in many real-world applications for securing communication channels. In this paper, we make the following contributions. First, we revisit the security modelling of leakage-resilient AKE protocols, and show that the existing models either impose some unnatural restrictions or do not sufficiently capture leakage attacks in reality. We then introduce a new strong yet meaningful security model, named challenge-dependent leakage-resilient eCK (CLR-eCK) model, to capture challenge-dependent leakage attacks on both long-term secret key and ephemeral secret key (i.e., randomness). Second, we propose a general framework for constructing one-round CLR-eCK-secure AKE protocols based on smooth projective hash functions (SPHFs). This framework ensures the session key is private and authentic even if the adversary learns a large fraction of both long-term secret key and ephemeral secret key, and hence provides stronger security guarantee than existing AKE protocols which become insecure if the adversary can perform leakage attacks during the execution of a session. Finally, we also present a practical instantiation of the general framework based on the Decisional Diffie-Hellman assumption without random oracle. Our result shows that the instantiation is efficient in terms of the communication and computation overhead and captures more general leakage attacks.
Strongly leakage resilient authenticated key exchange, revisited
Designs, Codes and Cryptography, 2019
Authenticated Key Exchange (AKE) protocols allow two (or multiple) parties to authenticate each other and agree on a common secret key, which is essential for establishing a secure communication channel over a public network. AKE protocols form a central component in many network security standards such as IPSec, TLS/SSL, and SSH. However, it has been demonstrated that many standardized AKE protocols are vulnerable to side-channel and key leakage attacks. In order to defend against such attacks, leakage resilient (LR-) AKE protocols have been proposed in the literature. Nevertheless, most of the existing LR-AKE protocols only focused on the resistance to long-term key leakage, while in reality leakage of ephemeral secret key (or randomness) can also occur due to various reasons such as the use of poor randomness sources or insecure pseudo-random number generators (PRNGs). In this paper, we revisit the strongly leakage resilient AKE protocol (CT-RSA'16) that aimed to resist challenge-dependent leakage on both long-term and ephemeral secret keys. We show that there is a security issue in the design of the protocol and propose an improved version that can fix the problem. In addition, we extend the protocol to a more general framework that can be efficiently instantiated under various assumptions, including hybrid instantiations that can resist key leakage attacks while preserving session key security against future quantum machines.
A Leakage-resilient ID-based Authenticated Key Exchange Protocol with a Revocation Mechanism
IEEE Access
Establishing a session key (SSK) is very important for real-world deployment in open networks, which enables secure communication between remote parties. In the past, some authenticated key exchange (AKE) protocols have been proposed to generate a SSK, but the certificate management issue is inhered in the traditional public key infrastructure and must be addressed. To tackle this issue, the identity (ID)-based concept is added to AKE, called ID-AKE. Indeed, the security of the existing AKE/ID-AKE protocols is gaining increasing importance due to some new types of attacks, namely, side-channel attacks. In such attacks, adversaries could obtain secret keys' partial information during the execution of cryptographic protocols (including AKE/ID-AKE). To withstand such attacks, many leakage-resilient ID-AKE (LR-ID-AKE) protocols resisting side-channel attacks have been proposed. However, these existing LR-ID-AKE protocols have no efficient solution to revoke compromised users. In this article, the first LR-ID-AKE protocol with an efficient revocation mechanism, called LR-RID-AKE, is proposed. The proposed protocol is not only as secure as existing LR-ID-AKE protocols but also able to efficiently revoke compromised users from the system. INDEX TERMS Leakage-resilient; authenticated key exchange; revocation; generic bilinear group This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication.
A Novel Password Protected Key Exchange Protocol
— Exchanging messages are more common thing lately. More number of people connects with each other in the network and (verifies someone's identity) each other while sharing their data. So users following so many rules of conduct for providing security to their data and the servers which they are storing their data. Due to all data storing in the single server, there is a chance to hack server data to be told (to people). This paper presents a solution to this problem such as (verifying someone's identity) process has to share by two servers. Client has to (verify someone's identity) in two servers like two step checking (for truth). It also includes (related to secret computer codes) ways of doing things to provide security for the data stored in the servers.
A Method for Making Password-Based Key Exchange Resilient to Server Compromise
2006
This paper considers the problem of password-authenticated key exchange (PAKE) in a client-server setting, where the server authenticates using a stored password file, and it is desirable to maintain some degree of security even if the server is compromised. A PAKE scheme is said to be resilient to server compromise if an adversary who compromises the server must at least perform an offline dictionary attack to gain any advantage in impersonating a client. (Of course, offline dictionary attacks should be infeasible in the absence of server compromise.) One can see that this is the best security possible, since by definition the password file has enough information to allow one to play the role of the server, and thus to verify passwords in an offline dictionary attack. While some previous PAKE schemes have been proven resilient to server compromise, there was no known general technique to take an arbitrary PAKE scheme and make it provably resilient to server compromise. This paper presents a practical technique for doing so which requires essentially one extra round of communication and one signature computation/ verification. We prove security in the universal composability framework by (1) defining a new functionality for PAKE with resilience to server compromise, (2) specifying a protocol combining this technique with a (basic) PAKE functionality, and (3) proving (in the random oracle model) that this protocol securely realizes the new functionality.