Trifluoromethylphenyl as P2 for ketoamide-based cathepsin S inhibitors (original) (raw)
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Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2010
Using computer aided modelling studies, a new extended P2/S2 interaction was identified. This extended region can accommodate a variety of functional groups, such as aryls and basic amines. It was discovered that the N3 nitrogen of the pyrimidine-2-carbonitrile is critical for its cathepsin cysteine protease inhibition. N1 nitrogen also contributes to the inhibitory activity, but to a very limited degree. An 'in situ double activation' mechanism was proposed to explain these results.
Thioether acetamides as P3 binding elements for tetrahydropyrido-pyrazole cathepsin S inhibitors
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2010
A series of tetrahydropyrido-pyrazole cathepsin S (CatS) inhibitors with thioether acetamide functional groups were prepared with the goal of improving upon the cellular activity of amidoethylthioethers. This Letter describes altered amide connectivity, in conjunction with changes to other binding elements, resulting in improved potency, as well as increased knowledge of the relationship between this chemotype and human CatS activity.
Discovery of selective and nonpeptidic cathepsin S inhibitors
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2008
Nonpeptidic, selective, and potent cathepsin S inhibitors were derived from an in-house pyrrolopyrimidine cathepsin K inhibitor by modification of the P2 and P3 moieties. The pyrrolopyrimidine-based inhibitors show nanomolar inhibition of cathepsin S with over 100-fold selectivity against other cysteine proteases, including cathepsin K and L. Some of the inhibitors showed cellular activities in mouse splenocytes as well as oral bioavailabilities in rats.
Discovery and SAR studies of a novel series of noncovalent cathepsin S inhibitors
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2005
A novel series of competitive, reversible cathepsin S (CatS) inhibitors was discovered and optimized. The 4-(2-keto-1benzimidazolinyl)-piperidin-1-yl moiety was found to be an effective replacement for the 4-arylpiperazin-1-yl group found in our earlier series of CatS inhibitors. This replacement imparted improved PK properties as well as decreased off-target activity. Optimization of the ketobenzimidazole moiety led to the discovery of the lead compound JNJ 10329670, which represents a novel class of selective, noncovalent, reversible, and orally bioavailable inhibitors of cathepsin S.
European Journal of Biochemistry, 2000
By screening a combinatorial pentapeptide amide collection in an inhibition assay, we systematically evaluated the potential of 19 proteinogenic amino acids and seven nonproteinogenic amino acids to serve as building blocks for inhibitors of human cathepsin L. Particularly efficient were aromatic, bulky, hydrophobic amino-acid residues, especially leucine, and positively charged residues, especially arginine. Building blocks for potential inhibitory peptides were combined by random selection from their activity pattern. This random approach for the design of inhibitors was introduced to compensate for the inaccuracy induced by shifted docking of combinatorial compound collections at the active center of cathepsin L. Thereby, we obtained structurally defined pentapeptide amides which inhibited human cathepsin L at nanomolar concentrations. Among the most potent novel inhibitors, one peptide, RKLLW-NH 2 , shares the amphiphilic character of the nonamer fragment VMNGLQNRK of the autoinhibitory, substrate-like, but reverse-binding prosegment of human cathepsin L which blocks the active center of the enzyme. Obviously, RKLLW-NH 2 carries the functions that are important for enzyme±peptide interaction in a condensed form. This hypothesis was confirmed by structure±activity studies using truncated and modified pentapeptides. Abbreviations: O, defined position in pentapeptide amide collections; O/X 4 -NH 2 , collection characterized by one defined amino acid in its position; X, randomized position in peptide collections characterized by a mixture of amino-acid residues A,