The probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 interferes with invasion of human intestinal epithelial cells by different enteroinvasive bacterial pathogens (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2010
The prevention of pathogen infections is one of the most extensively studied effects of probiotics. L. casei CRL 431 is a probiotic bacterium and its effects on the gut immune cells have been extensively studied. The aim of the present study was to determine, using a mouse model, the preventive and therapeutic effect of L. casei CRL 431 to achieve protection against Salmonella enteritidis serovar Typhimurium infection. In both previous and continuous (previous and post-infection) probiotic administration, the mechanisms induced by this lactic acid bacteria on the first line of intestinal defense (non-specific barrier and the innate immune cells associated to the gut), as a way to understand some of the mechanisms involved in the protection against Salmonella enteritidis serovar Typhimurium, were analyzed. The results obtained demonstrated that 7 days L. casei CRL 431 administration before infection decreased the severity of the infection with Salmonella enteritidis serovar Typhimurium, demonstrating that the continuous administration (even after infection) had the best effect. This continuous administration diminished the counts of the pathogen in the intestine as well as its spread outside this organ. Several mechanisms and cells are involved in this protective effect against Salmonella enteritidis serovar Typhimurium. L. casei CRL 431 acted on cells of the innate and adaptive immune response. The probiotic administration decreased the neutrophil infiltration with the consequent diminution of intestinal inflammation; activated the macrophage phagocytic activity in different sites such as Peyer's patches, spleen and peritoneum; and increased the number of IgA + cells in the lamina propria of the small intestine which was correlated with increased release of s-IgA specific against the pathogen in the intestinal fluids. The mechanism of the inhibition of cellular apoptosis was not involved.
Intestinal effect of the probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 and its OMV
Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders, 2020
Several investigations have been conducted during the past years to examine the correlation between dysbiosis and both intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). E. coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is a nonpathogenic gram-negative strain utilized in numerous gastrointestinal issues, consisting of diarrhea, uncomplicated diverticular malady, IBD and specifically UC. Many investigations have been done to examine the capability of assertive bacteria, inclusive of commensal and probiotic strains to enhance IBD in clinical testing. Bacterial secreted factors have been investigated to detect the EcN agents that facilitate the regulation of tight junction. These agents candiffuse smoothly through the mucin layer before reaching intestinal epithelial cells. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are known as intercellular communicasomes as they facilitate the distal transfer of active compounds between cells. A few investigations have detailed immune-modulatory attributes for EcN through various systems that could be liable for its clinical viability in IBD. Today, the function of gut microbiota extracellular vesicles in health and disease has become a focus of attention as they serve as vehicles for the transmission of microorganisms to distal tissues of many bacterial effectors.
FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology, 1996
Invasive Escherichia coli strains of certain serotypes invade by the same mechanism as the Shigella sp. It has been proposed that invasion of epithelial cells by EPEC strains may also occur; this is a previously overlooked property. In the present study E. coli strains isolated from patients with diarrhoea or ulcerative colitis, lacking the inu plasmid mediating classical invasion, but hybridizing with probes for different adhesins, were analyzed for their ability to invade HeLa and Caco-2 cells. The majority of strains invaded Caco-2 cells to a higher extent than HeLa cells. Adhesion to Caco-2 cells was a prerequisite for subsequent invasion of the cells but EAF, eae, EAgg and other known virulence factors were not sufficient to mediate invasion. In 8/9 E. coli strains invasion was enhanced after growth under iron restriction. Growth during anaerobic conditions did not influence subsequent invasion by E. coli strains whereas 6/9 strains had their invasive ability significantly decreased a.fter growth in the presence of 1% glucose. The invasive process was inhibited by mannose but not by lactose, fucose or galactose. Our data indicate that strains of E. coli may invade Caco-2 cells by novel mechanisms which require adhesion to the cells but which differ from those of Salmonella sp., Yersinia sp., Shigella sp. and classical enteroinvasive E. coli.
Infection and Immunity, 2010
Probiotics are viable microorganisms that are increasingly used for treatment of a variety of diseases. Occasionally, however, probiotics may have adverse clinical effects, including septicemia. Here we examined the role of the intestinal microbiota and the adaptive immune system in preventing translocation of probiotics (e.g., Escherichia coli Nissle). We challenged C57BL/6J mice raised under germfree conditions (GF-raised C57BL/6J mice) and Rag1 ؊/؊ mice raised under germfree conditions (GF-raised Rag1 ؊/؊ mice) and under specific-pathogen-free conditions (SPF-raised Rag1 ؊/؊ mice) with probiotic E. coli strain Nissle 1917, strain Nissle 1917 mutants, the commensal strain E. coli mpk, or Bacteroides vulgatus mpk. Additionally, we reconstituted Rag1 ؊/؊ mice with CD4 ؉ T cells. E. coli translocation and dissemination and the mortality of mice were assessed. In GF-raised Rag1 ؊/؊ mice, but not in SPF-raised Rag1 ؊/؊ mice or GF-raised C57BL/6J mice, oral challenge with E. coli strain Nissle 1917, but not oral challenge with E. coli mpk, resulted in translocation and dissemination. The mortality rate was significantly higher for E. coli strain Nissle 1917-challenged GF-raised Rag1 ؊/؊ mice (100%; P < 0.001) than for E. coli strain Nissle
Microbiology and Immunology, 2000
Antibodies specific to Salmonella enteritidis (S.E.) were obtained from immunized egg yolk, and their protective effects against S.E. were studied by using monolayer-cultured human intestinal epithelial cells, Caco-2 and T84. The Salmonella adherence and entry to the cells were partially inhibited by the antibodies. The antibodies inhibited the decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) of the intestinal epithelial monolayers and IL-8 secretion of the cells induced by S.E. invasion. Also, the antibodies blocked the penetration of bacteria through the cell layer although they did not inhibit the growth of bacteria in the cells. Confocal microscopic photographs revealed the bacteria in the infected monolayer cells were bound to antibodies. These results indicate that anti-S.E. antibodies may protect the cells from destruction induced by S.E. invasion in intestinal epithelial cells in addition to the partial inhibitionof adhesion and invasion of S.E. at the cell surface. Passive antibodies against invasive bacteria would be useful to prevent the migration of S.E. to blood not only at the cell surface but also inside of intestinal epithelial cells.
Quantitative assessment of the ability of Escherichia coli to invade cultured animal cells
Microbial Pathogenesis, 1992
Quantitative assessment of the ability of Escherichia coli to invade cultured animal cells. Microbial Pathogenesis 1992; 12: 159-I 64. Assays to quantify bacterial invasion of epithelial cells generally fail to take account of the ability of the bacteria to adhere to the cells prior to invasion. We have developed a modified invasion assay to allow for this factor. We then used the assay to investigate diarrhoeagenic strains of Escherichia coli with differing ability to adhere to and invade HEp-2 epithelial cells. The results showed that enteroinvasive strains of E. coli were the most invasive variety, followed in order by enteropathogenic E. coli and enterotoxigenic E. coli. These findings correspond to what is known of the ability of the bacteria to invade the intestinal tract in vivo. The results also indicated that adhesins of diarrhoeagenic E. coli play no direct role in invasion, although they may facilitate invasion indirectly by promoting initial contact between bacteria and animal cells.
Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins, 2019
Invasion of Salmonella into host intestinal epithelial cells requires the expression of virulence genes. In this study, cell culture models of human intestinal cells (mucus-producing HT29-MTX cells, absorptive Caco-2 cells, and combined cocultures of the two) were used to determine the effects of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris treatments (exopolysaccharide producing and nonproducing strains) on the virulence gene expression of Salmonella Typhimurium and its mutant lacking the oligopeptide permease subunit A (ΔoppA). During the course of epithelial cell (HT29-MTX, Caco-2, and combined) infection by Salmonella Typhimurium DT104, improved barrier function was reflected by increased transepithelial electrical resistance in cells treated with both strains of L. lactis subsp. cremoris. In addition, virulence gene expression was downregulated, accompanied with lower numbers of invasive bacteria into epithelial cells in the presence of L. lactis subsp. cremoris treatments. Similarly, virulence gene expression of Salmonella was also suppressed when coincubated with overnight cultures of both L. lactis subsp. cremoris strains in the absence of epithelial cells. However, in medium or in the presence of cell cultures, Salmonella lacking the OppA permease function remained virulent. HT29-MTX cells and combined cultures stimulated by Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 showed significantly lower secretion levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8 after treatment with L. lactis subsp. cremoris cell suspensions. Contrarily, these responses were not observed during infection with S. Typhimurium ΔoppA. Both the exopolysaccharide producing and nonproducing strains of L. lactis subsp. cremoris JFR1 exhibited an antivirulence effect against S. Typhimurium DT104 although no significant difference between the two strains was observed. Our results show that an intact peptide transporter is essential for the suppression of Salmonella virulence genes which leads to the protection of the barrier function in the cell culture models studied.
Microbiology Research Journal International
Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective capacity of the exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus rhamnosus V5 against invasion in vitro and in vivo with S. typhimurium. Methodology: We tested the antimicrobial activity of the compound extracted from the lactobacilli against S. typhimurium directly, also we tested the interference of this compound in S. typhimurium adherence and invasion of HeLa and HEp-2 cells (in vitro testings). For in vivo experiments, we used 16 BALB/c female mice. Through gavage method we introduced L. rhamnosus as probiotic and then infected mice with S. enterica serovar typhimurium. After euthanasia, spleen, liver and Peyer's patches removed for microbiological and histopathological analysis. Results: The results showed that lactobacilli were able to produce antimicrobial compounds against S. typhimurium. These lactobacilli inhibited the adhesion and invasion of S. typhimurium in HeLa and HEp-2 cells, respectively. The cha...