Sleep disturbances in Singaporean children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (original) (raw)
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Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2016
Sleep disturbances in children with ADHD impact their functioning and overall Quality of Life. This paper's purpose is to study the occurrence of sleep disturbances in children with ADHD, in comparison to their healthy siblings and further, within the ADHD group, to look for correlation between sleep disturbances and age, severity of symptoms, presentations of ADHD and illness parameters. The parents of 120 children of age group between 5-16 years, (60 children diagnosed with ADHD as per DSM-5 criteria and 60 of their healthy siblings) consecutively enrolled from a hospital's Child Psychiatry Outpatient services were interviewed using Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and severity of ADHD symptoms was rated using ADHD - RS. Sleep disturbances are more prevalent in pharmacologically treated children with ADHD than their healthy siblings, reduce with increasing age and are found more in the Predominantly Hyperactive/impulsive presentation of ADHD. Sleep disturbances are ...
Sleep disturbances in children with ADHD: a study conducted at Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Tehran
Sri Lanka Journal of Psychiatry, 2013
Introduction Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the commonest disorders seen in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry services. ADHD is associated with comorbid conditions such as emotional problems, aggression and oppositional behaviors, specific learning disorders and sleep problems Aims The aim of the present study was to compare sleep problems in children with ADHD with that of a control group. Methods Ninety patients aged 6-12 years diagnosed with ADHD were compared with controls (n=90) without ADHD. ADHD was diagnosed by a Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist based on the DSM-IV criteria. Controls were selected from children attending the paediatric clinic. Childhood Sleep Questionnaire was used in assessment of sleep problems. Results Children with ADHD experienced restless leg syndrome, fear of sleeping alone and darkness more than the control group. They sleep later and need more rituals for sleep. Conclusions TChildren with ADHD should be assessed for sleep disturbances and offered interventions when needed.
Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology
OBJECTIVE: Although sleep symptoms are not included in the diagnostic criteria of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), these problems are common in children with ADHD. The presence of sleep problems was associated with impairment in functionality and increase in ADHD intensity. The aims of the study were to evaluate sleep problems of children with ADHD who had never received any psychiatric treatment and investigate the effects of these problems in functionality. METHODS: The present study included 83 children who were diagnosed as having ADHD and had never received any psychiatric treatment. The control group consisted of 106 healthy children. Psychiatric diagnostic interview was applied to all children. The parents completed the Conner's Parent Questionnaire to evaluate the intensity of ADHD in the children, the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) to evaluate sleep problems, and the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale to evaluate the functionality of the children. RESULTS: The total scores of subscale and scales of CSHQ were significantly higher in the study group. ADHD children slept 1 hour later and sleep quantity was 1.5 hours less than the control group. There was a significant correlation between sleep problems, ADHD severity, and functionality of these children. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated that children with ADHD experienced more sleep problems and slept less than the children in the healthy control group, and functional impairments increased due to these problems. Another important finding is that sleep problems are not related to drug use. Maintaining sleep hygiene or interventions against sleep problems may increase sleep quality and may improve self and family functionality. Therefore, the standardized sleep evaluation must be performed in cooperation with parents in all children with ADHD.
Subjective and objective measures of sleep in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Sleep Medicine, 2009
Objective: To compare objective and subjective measures of sleep in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and healthy control subjects. Methods: Included were 107 unmedicated children with ADHD and 46 healthy control subjects, all aged 6-14. Sleep-wake patterns were monitored with actigraphy for at least five consecutive days. Subjects and parents completed daily electronic diaries assessing sleep and daytime behavior. Results: Actigraphy data from 80 ADHD patients and 45 control subjects showed that, compared to the healthy control group, the ADHD group experienced shorter actual sleep time (defined as time in minutes [from sleep onset to final morning awakening] of all epochs scored as sleep [i.e., excluding total duration of all epochs scored as ''wake"]) (489.39 vs. 460.30 min, p = .001), significantly fewer sleep interruptions (44.45 vs. 35.33, p < .001), but more total interrupted sleep time (44.49 vs. 56.70 min, p = .002). Child diaries indicated children with ADHD had significantly more daytime sleepiness and difficulty getting up and less refreshing sleep. Parent diaries indicated children with ADHD had significantly more behavioral difficulties than the control group. Conclusions: Results suggest children with ADHD have reduced sleep quantity and more disturbed sleep on actigraphic measures, reduced sleep quality on the self report, and more problematic behaviors on the parent report. Clinical interventions for children with ADHD who present with sleep problems should include screening for etiologic and exacerbating factors, institution of behavioral-management strategies, and consideration of pharmacologic treatment targeted toward evening ADHD symptoms.
Sleep, 2005
To describe parent-reported and actigraphically assessed sleep patterns and sleep disorders in stimulant-medication-free children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), divided according to ADHD subtype. Seventy-one stimulant-medication-free children with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD (8 girls; mean 8.8 years (SD 2.6), range 3-15 years) recruited from child psychiatry clinics. ADHD: ADHD Rating Scale DSM IV- Home Version to subdivide children into those with predominantly attention deficit, mainly hyperactivity, and those with both aspects equally. Sleep: Parent-completed sleep diary, clinical history, and 5 nights of actigraphy. Parents reported a wide range of frequently occurring sleep disturbances in their children. However, the objective sleep patterns were not abnormal and did not differ between the ADHD subtypes, and objective sleep patterns did not predict ADHD severity. There was poor correspondence between parent report and actigraphy. Careful clinical consid...
Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common chronic disorders which influence millions of children worldwide.It is a neurodevelopmental disorder that has a great impact on children in a critical period of development, the treatment of which extends over years. Aim: This study examined the association between sleep habits and quality of lifein children with ADHD. Methods: By using a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on one hundred sixteen of children with ADHD attending the child psychiatric outpatient clinic of Mansoura University Hospitals. Three tools were usedfor data collection:A structured questionnaire of the socio demographic and clinical features, the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL TM). Results: The total mean (±SD) of sleep habits was 64.77 ± 18.43. The studied children rated themselves significantly better than their parents in all domains of PedsQL TM (P < 0.0001) and there were statistical significant associations between CSHQ score and PedsQL TM score (P≤0.001). Conclusion and recommendation: Sleep disorders are significantly associated with poor physical and psychosocial quality of life. It is possible that such sleep interventions in children with ADHD can enhance their quality of life.
The Turkish journal of pediatrics
Considerable clinical data support an association between sleep problems and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We aimed to investigate the sleep habits, associated parasomnias and behavioral symptoms in primary school children with ADHD. Forty primary school children with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD and 40 age-sex-matched healthy community controls were recruited. The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire providing information regarding sleep habits and nighttime and daytime symptoms was used. About 22% of children with ADHD (versus 2.9% of the controls) needed their parents to accompany them while going to sleep (p: 0.008). Transitional objects were needed by 8.1% of ADHD children in contrast to 2.9% of controls. Nightmares, overactivity during sleep, habitual snoring, and bed-wetting were significantly higher in the ADHD group. ADHD children needed significantly more time to go to sleep on school days (p < 0.02). Children undergoing evaluation for ADHD shoul...
International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology
Background/Objective: To examine subjective and objective sleep patterns in children with different Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) presentations. Method: We assessed 92 children diagnosed with ADHD (29 ADHD-Inattentive [ADHD-I], 31 ADHD-Hyperactive/Impulsive [ADHD-H/I], and 32 ADHD-Combined [ADHD-C)]) aged 7-11 years. The Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ), Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS), and a sleep diary were used as subjective sleep measures, and polysomnography was used to objectively assess sleep quantity, quality, and fragmentation. Results: Subjective data showed impaired sleep in 12.7% of the sample. No significant differences were found between ADHD presentations in any objective and subjective sleep variable. Nevertheless, data on sleep fragmentation suggested a worse sleep continuity for the ADHD-H/I group, and correlation analyses confirmed that sleep is affected by age. Conclusions: Children with ADHD may suffer from sleep breathing problems and daytime sleepiness, as reported by their parents, even when their total sleep time and sleep efficiency are not affected. It seems that sleep in this population does not largely vary as a function of the ADHD presentation. Sleep in children with ADHD evolves with age.