Heavy Metal Distribution in Sewage Sludge-Treated Soil Profiles (original) (raw)
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Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 1995
The influence of sewage sludge application on some soil properties and on the growth of wheat and corn plants were studied with pot experiments. The distribution of heavy metals among the various soil fractions and their availability to plants were also investigated in relation to soil pH. The results showed that sewage sludge application significantly ifluenced pH, organic matter content, electrical conductivity and available phosphorus. Soil pH increased and tended to hold steady near neutrality while organic matter content, electrical conductivity and available phosphorus (P) increased. For the heavy metals investigated, only total copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) increased but were below the limits set by the EC.
Geoderma, 2007
The distribution of metals in different fractions of sewage sludge-soils prepared by adding two different sludges (W1 and W2) at two rates, 20 g kg − 1 (a) and 200 g kg − 1 (b), to two different soils (S1 and S2) was determined. The aim was to know the evolution of heavy metals in amended soils with the incubation time. The samples were incubated for 18 months at temperature of 25 ± 2°C and humidity close to field capacity, and distribution of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in fractions exchangeable (F1), dilute acid-extractable or carbonate bound (F2), Fe-Mn oxide bound (F3), organically bound (F4), and residual fractions (F5) was periodically determined by a sequential extraction method. The evolution of the chemical properties (pH and organic matter (OM)) of the mixtures was also determined. A decrease in the OM content with time and a modification in its composition was observed in the mixtures with higher rate of sludge. Using a multifactor analysis of variance significant differences ( p b 0.05) between distribution fractions of each metal at two rates of sludges studied were observed when soils and sludges at each incubation time were jointly considered. Also, significant differences ( p b 0.05) between distribution fractions of each metal corresponding to different soils, type and rate of sludges and incubation time were observed. The distribution of metals in different fractions in the amended soils at time T0 indicated the most of the metals concentrated in the residual fraction with percentages ranging from 60-80% for Cu, Pb and Zn and N 80% for Cd, Cr and Ni. Changes of metal distribution were found at different incubation times studied. Increase of concentration for Cd, Pb and Zn in F1, F2, F3 and F4 fractions respect to the unamended soil was observed. Cr as Ni displayed the lowest changes of metal distribution over the incubation period, and Cu distribution was mainly observed in F3 fraction from T0 to T6. The mobility index (MI) determined by extractable metals in F1 + F2 was modified due to the change of metal distribution in different fractions. It was in the order Zn N Cd ≈ Cu ≈ Ni ≈ Cr N Pb at T0 time and at time T6 was in the order Cd N Pb N Ni N Cu ≈ Zn N Cr. The results obtained indicated that pollution by heavy metals in studied soils derived from the amendment with selected sewage sludges from urban or agricultural-food industry water treatment plants could be negligible while the increase of the soil OM content could be of major importance. However, these results would not permit the prediction of metal accumulation in soils when successive additions of sewage sludges to soils are carried out. This would involve particular studies of assessment and control of metal total content to prevent that phytotoxic level in soils could be reached.
Heavy Metals Behavior in Soil/Plant System after Sewage Sludge Application
Energies, 2021
One of the possibilities of removing heavy metals (HMs) from soil is the use of phytoremediation techniques supported with biosolids, which also allow for their disposal. Therefore, the objective of the research was the determination of the sewage sludge suitability after its application to urban soil in order to increase the phytoremediation efficiency of contaminated soil. A field experiment was established on lawns in Białystok (Poland) in two locations with different traffic. The research plots were fertilized with sludge in doses of 14.5 t DM/ha and 29 t DM/ha. A mixture of lawn grasses was sown on the prepared plots. During two years of experiment soil/plant samples were collected, and pH, organic matter, dehydrogenase and catalase activity (soil), the total content of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Hg (soil/plant), and their fractions (soil) were determined. The HMs in soil were present mainly in residual and reducible fractions. Zn had the highest share in acid-soluble frac...
Heavy metal mobility in soils under the application of sewage sludge
Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science
One of the main issues relating to sewage sludge (SS ) disposal is the introduction of heavy metals and organic pollutants. The aim of this research work was to assess the mobility of heavy metals via measurement of the soluble and easily exchangeable metals in soils on which sewage sludge had been deposited 10 years before analysis and clarify patterns and relationships between heavy metals in the amended soils as opposed to un-amended control soils. There are few studies on the leaching potential of heavy metals in sludge-amended soils through measurement of the soluble and easily exchangeable metal forms. Mobile heavy metals (soluble + easily exchangeable Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) were measured via extraction with 0.05 M Ca(NO 3)2. We observed: (i) elevated Cd, Cr, Zn and Cu concentrations in the sludge treated soils; (ii) no effect of sludge application was found, as far as Pb, Mn, Fe, Ni and Co mobilities are concerned; (iii) the statistical analysis showed that sl...
Chemical fractionation of heavy metals in a soil amended with repeated sewage sludge application
Science of The Total Environment, 1999
Ž. A sequential extraction method KNO , NaOH, Na-EDTA, HNO was used to determine the soil fraction of Zn, 3 2 3 Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Cr in different plots treated with sewage sludges. The sludges were applied to cropland from 1983 to 1991. Soil samples were collected after the 1st and 5th-year of the last sludge application. Sludge applications increased the INOR-fraction for Zn, Cd, and Cu. Cu was the only element found in the EXCH-fraction. Pb and Cr were found mainly in the RES-fraction. Ni was found in the INOR and OM-fractions. All the metals increased in the more resistant fractions. Sewage sludge applications changed the metals distribution of the soil and this effect has continued for at least 5 years.
Note HEAVY METALS IN A DEGRADED SOIL TREATED WITH SLUDGE FROM WATER TREATMENT PLANT
2005
The application of water treatment sludge (WTS) to degraded soil is an alternative for both residue disposal and degraded soil reclaim. This study evaluated effects of the application of water treatment sludge to a Typic Hapludox soil degraded by tin mining in the National Forest of Jamari, State of Rondonia, Brazil, on the content of heavy metals. A completely randomized experimental design with five treatments was used: control (n = 4); chemical control, which received only liming (n = 4); and rates D100, D150 and D200, which corresponded to 100, 150 and 200 mg of N-sludge kg soil (n = 20), respectively. Thirty days after liming, period in which soil moisture was kept at 70% of the retention capacity, soil samples were taken and analyzed for total and extractable Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, and Cr. The application of WTS increased heavy-metal contents in the degraded soil. Although heavy metals were below their respective critical limits, sludge application onto degraded areas may...
DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT
The objective of this study is to determine influence of treated sewage sludge (TSS) rates on total and available heavy metal concentrations in a sandy clay soil. The experiment was conducted in the experimental fields of Ege Agricultural Research Institute during 2011-2012 in Menemen-İzmir. Study area is in the Western Anatolia region of Turkey (38°56′29.02″-38°56′37.59″N; 27°05′23.08″-27°05′30.74″E). The field study was conducted in 20 parcels in a randomized-block design with four replications and five different applications including control, mineral fertilizer, treated sewage sludge 12.5 Mg.ha-1 ; 25.0 Mg.ha-1 ; 37.5 Mg.ha-1 as dry matter. The parcels dimensions were 3 m width and 3 m length. Corn (Zea mays L. var. ZP 737) was planted as the first crop. On the other hand, wheat (Triticum durum L. var. Ege 88) was planted as the second crop. During the experiment, soil samples were taken five times in two years.
Heavy metals in a degraded soil treated with sludge from water treatment plant
Scientia Agricola, 2005
The application of water treatment sludge (WTS) to degraded soil is an alternative for both residue disposal and degraded soil reclaim. This study evaluated effects of the application of water treatment sludge to a Typic Hapludox soil degraded by tin mining in the National Forest of Jamari, State of Rondonia, Brazil, on the content of heavy metals. A completely randomized experimental design with five treatments was used: control (n = 4); chemical control, which received only liming (n = 4); and rates D100, D150 and D200, which corresponded to 100, 150 and 200 mg of N-sludge kg-1 soil (n = 20), respectively. Thirty days after liming, period in which soil moisture was kept at 70% of the retention capacity, soil samples were taken and analyzed for total and extractable Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, and Cr. The application of WTS increased heavy-metal contents in the degraded soil. Although heavy metals were below their respective critical limits, sludge application onto degraded areas m...
Risk Assessment of Soil Contamination with Heavy Metals from Municipal Sewage Sludge
Applied Sciences, 2021
Sewage sludge (SS) is a by-product of processes conducted during the treatment of wastewater. It can be used in many different ways. One of them is the use of SS in agriculture as an organic fertiliser, but the main criterion for such use is the heavy metals (HMs) content. Knowledge of the total content of HMs in SS does not translate into the danger it may pose. The toxicity of metals is largely dependent on their mobility. The mobility of SS from three different wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, which were characterised by an increased zinc content, was examined in this study. The aim of the study was to prove whether the high level of zinc in SS actually disqualifies the possibility of its natural use. Calculations were made for five environmental hazard indicators: the geoaccumulation index of heavy metals in soil (Igeo), potential environmental risk indicator (PERI), risk assessment code (RAC), environmental risk factor (ERF), and the authors...
Heavy metals and physicochemical properties of soils and water from sewage treatment plant
Sunil Shankhadarwar , 2015
In the present age of industrialization, world is facing the hazards of pollution in some form or the other and particularly industrial waste water imposes serious damage to the quality of soil. Variable results were recorded in the application of sewage sludge in agricultural land whether treated or untreated effluents added to the soil. Some of soil containing sewage sludge may accumulate the heavy metals in soil as well as plants. In this investigation, water and soil samples of polluted sewage treatment plant, polluted and unpolluted agricultural fields were analyzed for their eco-physico-chemical parameters such as pH,