Southern suburb of the Great Moravian stronghold Břeclav-Pohansko. The problem of how to exactly distinguish settlement features from the so called empty grave pits (original) (raw)
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Archaeological sources provide a wide range of information to help understand the social structure of human society in the past. In this paper, the authors deal with the information potential of grave pit modifi cations and wooden structures in graves at burial sites in the central region of Great Moravia (southeast Moravia, southwest Slovakia). The goal at this point is to defi ne the basic hypotheses and describe the methodological basis along with the research methodology. The authors treat the sources holistically, which means that one of the methodological foundations is the claim that the properties of the whole are not a simple sum of its parts. This means that all recognized elements of the funeral rite and their mutual relations and functions are the center of attention of this research. The primary basis for the research is the assumption that the presence of various wooden structures or wooden burial receptacles in the graves of the Great Moravian period is a common cultural occurrence. It further tests the hypothesis that there was intent behind choosing of these different wooden structures and grave pit modifi cations and their usage, as well as a potential differentiation based on age or gender in the frequency, quality and selection of these modifi cations/arrangements and structures. The main methodological tools are statistical and GIS analysis and the results are compared with published fi ndings from the wider Central European region.
Theoretical and Methodological Considerations in Central European Neolithic. Proceedings of the ‘Theory and Method in Archaeology of the Neolithic (7th - 3rd millennium BC)’ conference held in Mikulov, Czech Republic, 26th – 28th of October 2010. BAR International Series 2325., 2012
The application of typological methods is a well-known means to find regularities within an archaeological assemblage. A formalized approach is needed when dealing with larger sets of data to eliminate bias arising from defining types a priori and searching for structures which we already expect to exist. By creating a quantitative descriptive system and using multivariate statistic methods we are able to identify similarities and dissimilarities between single artefacts as well as between individual find complexes. These similarities (or factors) represent chronological and cultural relationships as well as post-deposition transformations. We can further sort find complexes using seriation (e.g. correspondence analysis) to elaborate a chronological sequence. This paper presents an application of a formalized typological and chronological method on graves and their inventories from the Lengyel Culture settlement in Svodín (Southwest Slovakia) using multivariate statistical analysis.
Analacta Archaeologica Ressoviensia, 2017
In the autumn of 2016 a geomagnetic survey was conducted in Skołoszów, site. 7, Dist Jarosław. The magnetic prospection took place on a low hill spanning 2.12 ha in total. Distribution of the anomalies, as visible on a map depicting obtained data, reflects numerous structures related to human activity in the area during the prehistory and historic times. Among them are two features interpreted as residues of funerary rituals taking place at the site. One of them pertains to Middle Neolithic earthen long barrow, whereas the second by its shape resembles Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age tumuli. Apart from the latter, one can discern numerous anomalies potentially related to pits and ditches. Interpretation of the geophysical imagery was based upon the results of excavations conducted in 2010 in the nearby section of Skołoszów, site 7. In the process, funeral structures in the types of earthen long barrow and a presumable tumulus were recorded. Thus, it is possible to confront observations inferred from the results of non-invasive, magnetometric survey, with data obtained by means of more direct exploratory methods. Besides the prehistoric record, our investigation resulted in reconstruction of the trenches most probably dating to the First World War.
Quaternary …, 2011
a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Available online xxx a b s t r a c t Tren cianske Bohuslavice-Pod Tureckom is one of the most important Gravettian open-air sites in the Slovak Republic. It is situated in Western Slovakia, in the middle course of the Váh River, in the area with abundant Upper Palaeolithic settlement. Systematic archaeological research was conducted by Juraj Bárta in 1981e1986, when 478 m 2 of the site was investigated. A small (2 m 2 ) amount of revisory research conducted in 2008 had an interdisciplinary character, including detailed sedimentological, stable isotope, seasonality, fired clay pellets, lithic raw materials, pollen and malacofaunal analyses. Stable isotope analyses were used for the first time in Palaeolithic research in Slovakia. Three Gravettian occupational levels in superposition were discovered at depths of 25e35 cm (layer I e w27 ka), 55e75 cm (layer II e w28 ka) and of 85e125 cm (layer III e 29.5 ka). The results of most analyses were similar to those obtained from other Gravettian sites in the Middle Danube region. The analyses of sediment and malacofauna indicated cooling in the studied time intervals, Stable isotope analyses indicated the mosaic character of the Gravettian palaeoenvironment. Floral and faunal analyses agreed well with the dates of all three cultural layers, which represent rather colder stadial than warmer interstadial conditions. (T. Michalík), miriam@iabrno.cz (M. Nývltová Fi sáková), daniel.nyvlt@ geology.cz (D. Nývlt), martina.moravcova@geology.sk (M. Moravcová), kralik@sci. muni.cz (M. Králík), pekova.k@gmail.com (K. Péková), prichy@sci.muni.cz (A. P richystal), alena16@seznam.cz (A. Dohnalová).
2014
Fortified manors are in the scope of interest from the 19th century and at present, we have solid and complex knowledge base, which can be evaluated to obtain interesting results. Most of the published papers dealing with fortified manors have undergone basic chronological and typological analysis without further interest in their spatial attributes or their relation to the hinterland. This fact and underestimation of quantitative analysis and statistics may be explained in the context of the culture-history paradigm, still prevailing in Czech archaeology. Alternatively, perhaps, it is just a result of the methodological inability of many archaeologists to deal with large data sets. As a response to this situation, the author attempts to look at fortified manors in another way – through statistical methods and using GIS. Paper is aimed to present methodology used in case study of selected region in western part of Central Bohemia as a sample.
A Sense of the Past: Studies in current archaeological applications of remote sensing and non-invasive prospection methods. BAR International Series 2588, 2014
This article presents the results of the application of combined survey methods on the prehistoric site of Vladař hillfort in the Czech Republic. During the survey of this extensive hillfort, we undertook fieldwalking, a geophysical survey, a metal detector survey, analysis of aerial photography and small-scale test excavations. The broad range of methods adopted by the research project allows drawing conclusions about the validity of the individual survey results and methods when they are applied in this specific type of natural environment. The main outcome of the survey is represented by the record of spatial data which put the site in context with its surroundings and reveal spatial properties in greater detail. The digitalised survey results can now be used by other researchers and modified in a GIS environment to help answer further research questions.
AbstrAct Szmyd P. 2017. Using Geografic Information System (GIS) Tools to Determine the Settlement Preferences in the Upper Wisłoka Valley and to Demarcate Potential Archeological Sites on the Example of Early Medieval Sites. Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia 12, 299–328 The article's objective is to conduct a diagnosis of early medieval settlement and to determine settlement clusters and preferences. The analysis results enable the preparation of maps depicting potential sites. The basic source for the data used in the analyses consists of information collected since the 1970s within the framework of the nationwide Polish Archaeological Record (PAR) project. The data have been subjected to analyses using Geographic Information System tools, such as QGIS, GRASS GIS or Saga GIS. Using Geographic Information Systems (acronym GIS) in archaeology enables a multidimensional analysis of the gathered spatial data, including PAR data. It also allows for acquiring new information through merging data originating from different sources, enabling the formulation of hypotheses and their initial testing. An additional advantage is the possibility of introducing new methods of analysis and visualising archaeological data in a three-dimensional form that had been thus far unachievable. This form of presentation is attractive for the general public, i.e. people who do not have contact with archaeology on a daily basis.
PŘICHYSTALOVÁ, Renáta, Kateřina KALOVÁ, Kateřina BOBEROVÁ a Jan NOVÁČEK. Břeclav – Pohansko IX. Pohřební areály z Jižního předhradí (archeologicko-antropologická studie). Brno: Masarykova univerzita., 2019
The book contains a comprehensive processing of the disperse burial grounds excavated at the Southern suburb of early medieval central settlement agglomeration Břeclav – Pohansko. There were discovered 205 graves during the archaeological campaigns in 1960–1962, 1975–1979, 1991–1994 there. These graves have created either a small to medium-sized burial grounds or groups of two to four graves, or isolated graves were placed in between the settlement features. The groups of graves did not create a clearly separated structure within the complex of settlement activity. The question of the social competence of the people buried outside the regular burial grounds was discussed from the very beginning of the discovery these so-called settlement´s graves in the central locations. We sought to answer this question in this present work. The book contains a complete archeological and anthropological textual and pictorial catalogue of graves from the suburb. An integral part of the text is a detailed analysis of the burial rite, spatial analysis of particular funeral areas, comprehensive anthropological evaluation of human bone remains with an emphasis on the discovery of general condition and living conditions of the buried population. Based on the synthesis of all the available results was completed a picture of the community, which had lived and dying in the Southern suburb of Pohansko stronghold in the second half of the 9th century AD (probably at the beginning of the 10th century as well). Link: https://digilib.phil.muni.cz/handle/11222.digilib/143742