Potencial role of stem cell therapy in type 1 diabetes mellitus (original) (raw)

The Role of Stem Cells in the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Complications

Georgetown Medical Review

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) affects many individuals worldwide and is associated with multiple long-term complications. The underlying pathophysiology of T1D involves an autoimmune process that leads to destruction of pancreatic β-islet cells, which are the sole cells responsible for producing the body’s insulin. Thus, the current recommended treatment for T1D is insulin therapy, which requires continuous awareness and monitoring throughout the day, placing a great deal of stress and responsibility on patients. Various modalities are under investigation to provide alternatives to treatment, or even a cure. Adult endogenous progenitor cells have been studied as one potential therapy for patients with T1D due to their ability to prevent an allogenic immune response in addition to an autoimmune response. Additionally, pancreatic ductal cells and bone marrow stem cells served as one of the first areas of research that demonstrated self-progenitor cells could regenerate pancreatic islet cells....

Stem cell-based strategies for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus

Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2011

Importance of the field-Beta cell regeneration and beta cell preservation are two promising therapeutic approaches for the management of patients with Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Stem cellbased strategies to address the problems of shortage in beta cells, autoimmune and alloimmune responses have become an area of intense study. Areas covered in this review-This review focuses on the progress that has been made in obtaining functional, insulin-producing cells from various types of stem/progenitor cells, including the current knowledge on the immunomodulatory roles of hematopoietic stem cell and multipotent stromal cell in the therapies for T1D. What the reader will gain-A broad overview of recent advancements in this field is provided. The hurdles that remain in the path of using stem cell-based strategies for the treatment of T1D and possible approaches to overcome these challenges are discussed. Take home message-Stem cell-based strategies hold great promise for the treatment of T1D. In spite of the progress that has been made over the last decade, a number of obstacles and concerns need to be cleared before widespread clinical application is possible. In particular, the mechanism of ESC and iPSC-derived beta cell maturation in vivo is poorly understood.

Current trends in type 1 diabetes mellitus--stem cells and beyond

JOURNAL OF PAKISTAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 2007

Search for a cure for type-1 diabetes mellitus has lead to many avenues of research, all having the same objective: to replace the lost beta cells and prevent their further destruction by the immune system. Transplantation of islets of Langerhans seems closer to achieving this goal with the recent introduction of new improved immunosuppressive protocols including monoclonal antibodies against the T-lymphocytes. But the need for acquiring beta cells in large numbers rather limits this approach. With the recent advancement in stem cell technology, it may be possible to gather enough stem cells for transplantation purposes. In this regard, embryonic stem cells have shown the greatest promise due to their capacity for unlimited proliferation and differentiation into any cell type. This review discusses the current direction of research regarding diabetes mellitus type-1, while explaining the progress being made in stem cell usage in finding a cure for the disease.

Stem cell therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus: a review of recent clinical trials

Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, 2009

Stem cell therapy is one of the most promising treatments for the near future. It is expected that this kind of therapy can ameliorate or even reverse some diseases. With regard to type 1 diabetes, studies analyzing the therapeutic effects of stem cells in humans began in 2003 in the Hospital das Clínicas of the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto -SP USP, Brazil, and since then other centers in different countries started to randomize patients in their clinical trials. Herein we summarize recent data about beta cell regeneration, different ways of immune intervention and what is being employed in type 1 diabetic patients with regard to stem cell repertoire to promote regeneration and/or preservation of beta cell mass.

Stem Cell-Based Therapies and Immunomodulatory Approaches in Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes

Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 2011

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that results from the autoimmune response against pancreatic insulin producing β cells. Apart of several insulin regimens, since the decade of 80s various immunomodulatory regimens were tested aiming at blocking some steps of the autoimmune process against β cell mass and at promoting β cell preservation. In the last years, some independent research groups tried to cure type 1 diabetes with an "immunologic reset" provided by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in newly diagnosed patients, and the majority of patients became free form insulin with increasing levels of C-peptide along the time. In this review, we discuss the biology of hematopoietic stem cells and the possible advantages and disadvantages related to the high dose immunosuppression followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Present Accomplishments and Future Prospects of Cell-Based Therapies for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 1 Diabetes - Pathogenesis, Genetics and Immunotherapy, 2011

Type 1 Diabetes-Pathogenesis, Genetics and Immunotherapy 296 sufficient -cell mass to achieve normoglycemia, along with restoration of immunologic tolerance, represents a highly attractive alternative. To this end, proposed mechanisms for islet regeneration consist of replication of pre-existing-cells, neogenesis from ductal and noncell progenitors, transdifferentiation of fully differentiated acinar cells and directeddifferentiation of stem cells (putative -cell progenitors/pancreatic stem cells; embryonic, mesenchymal, hematopoietic and umbilical cord blood-derived stem cells etc). While several studies demonstrate these mechanisms in mice, proving the occurrence of these phenomena in humans is hard to achieve. In this review, we will focus on various approaches to obtain an expandable mass of functional, insulin-secreting -cells, emphasizing the major cell candidates for -cell regeneration, the specific factors and stimuli involved in -cell differentiation and expansion and alternate strategies that may enhance the effective -cell mass and function. The basic science driving these discoveries and the obstacles that hinder clinical translation of these avenues will be highlighted from the perspective of islet transplantation. 2. Endocrine pancreas plasticity in physiological conditions Although the formation of new islets in adults has primarily been demonstrated in response to pancreatic injury (eg. pancreatic duct ligation (PDL), -cell ablation, partial pancreactomy etc.) and metabolic stress, there is ample evidence that-cell replication from existing cells occurs throughout adulthood (

Stem cell therapy to cure type 1 diabetes: from hype to hope

Stem cells translational medicine, 2013

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a chronic, multifactorial autoimmune disease that involves the progressive destruction of pancreatic β-cells, ultimately resulting in the loss of insulin production and secretion. The goal of clinical intervention is to prevent or arrest the onset and progression of autoimmunity, reverse β-cell destruction, and restore glycometabolic and immune homeostasis. Despite promising outcomes observed with islet transplantation and advancements in immunomodulatory therapies, the need for an effective cell replacement strategy for curing T1D still persists. Stem cell therapy offers a solution to the cited challenges of islet transplantation. While the regenerative potential of stem cells can be harnessed to make available a self-replenishing supply of glucose-responsive insulin-producing cells, their immunomodulatory properties may potentially be used to prevent, arrest, or reverse autoimmunity, ameliorate innate/alloimmune graft rejection, and prevent recurr...

Stem cell potential for type 1 diabetes therapy

Central European Journal of Biology, 2007

Stem cells have been considered as a useful tool in Regenerative Medicine due to two main properties: high rate of self-renewal, and their potential to differentiate into all cell types present in the adult organism. Depending on their origin, these cells can be grouped into embryonic or adult stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are obtained from the inner cell mass of blastocyst, which appears during embryonic day 6 of human development. Adult stem cells are present within various tissues of the organism and are responsible for their turnover and repair. In this sense, these cells open new therapeutic possibilities to treat degenerative diseases such as type 1 diabetes. This pathology is caused by the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in the lack of insulin production. Insulin injection, however, cannot mimic β-cell function, thus causing the development of important complications. The possibility of obtaining β-cell surrogates from either embryonic or adult stem cells to restore insulin secretion will be discussed in this review.

STEM CELL THERAPY IN DIABETES MELLITUS: CURRENT TRENDS

The pancreatic beta-cell has a pivotal role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and its impairment leads to diabetes mellitus. The exponential increase in number of diabetics across the world poses a daunting task to the current therapeutic approach with exogenous insulin. As the insulin therapy led to long term complications, search for alternative therapies had begun. Transplantation of insulin-producing cells is the hallmark of diabetes treatment. But due to the acute shortage of pancreatic-islet donors, researchers met with a limited success. In this light, stem cell research & therapy in terms of diabetes has opened new avenues for diabetes treatment and received lot of attention recently. A stem cell with extensive proliferative capacity may provide a valuable source of islet progenitor cells. Key signaling pathways and transcription factors paved a significant role in pancreas development from progenitor cells. This review has been structured to explore the various ways and means and sources of cells responsible for generating beta cells. Hence the role of stem cells, their adverse effects in terms of therapeutic implications and their current trends in modern medicine have been discussed at length. So, this review projects the different types of sources, mechanisms, signaling pathways with transcription factors and remaining challenges regarding the limitations of cell replacement therapy.

Stem Cell potential for type I diabetes therapy

Potencial role of stem cell therapy in type 1 diabetes mellitus (original) (raw)

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