Analysis of Income Sources of Fishers' Families on the Coast of the State of Paraná, Brazil (original) (raw)
Related papers
Paraná, a South Brazilian state, has a spectacular coast with coves, bays and islands. From the state coast, 90 kilometers are bathed by the Atlantic Ocean and along the coast, 60 communities with a population of 4256 fishermen practice a traditional fishing activity in the bays and open sea. Canoe is the most used boat in this small-scale trade. The question that aimed the research was the importance of the canoe fishing activity by the fishermen perception, then trace an elaborated understanding view about the social and economic effects and finally observe the potential development of the activity in the region and the management and helpful actions by the fishing associations. An exploratory and descriptive field research were conducted by Interviews specially targeted to 30 canoe fisherworkers from Paraná coast cities between July and October 2018 for the study.The research exposed that male fisherworkers are in the 44 age group and still use low technology in the fishing activity. The main potential observed was the good quality of the fish that are sold fresh without being frozed to be sold, the possibility of a production improvement and the exploit and development of an active participation from the female local labour helping. Sale instability, low price out of the summer season and lack of organization by the fisherworkers class and fishing local association were the negative aspects observed. Micro management and micro industrialization could be the solution for the excess of winter production in relation to low production in the summer season, when occurs massive consumers presence. Collective organization could result in a strenghthening trade and bargain involved in the fishing Paraná coast activity.
Special issue: modern fisheries research approaches in Brazil
Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 2009
The performance of 20 fishery production systems off the state of Para´in the northern region of Brazil was compared using the ÔRAPFISHÕ methodology, with 57 identified attributes distributed among five evaluation fields: economics, sociology, ecology, technology and politics. The results indicated the existence of three large groups of fishery sectors: (i) industrial (red snapper with traps, the Laulao catfish, shrimp trawl) and semi-industrial (lobster) fisheries; (ii) large-scale artisanal fisheries (acoupa weakfish, red snapper with lines, king mackerel, Spanish mackerel, coco sea catfish); and (iii) smallscale artisanal fisheries (shellfish, crab, estuarine longline, fish traps, etc.). While the industrial and large-scale artisanal systems demonstrated greater sustainability from an economic and social standpoint, small-scale fisheries appeared to be more ecologically sustainable. Based on the results, a reduction in industrial fishing efforts is recommended, along with the establishment of licensing quotas for fishing vessels, as well as an increased investment in research on proper guidance and management of the semi-industrial and large-scale artisanal fisheries sectors. For small-scale artisanal fisheries, economic incentives are suggested for the aggregate value of the products and to assist fishers in the development of an appropriate social organization. Finally, it is believed that a greater stakeholder involvement in the decision-making process would improve management actions for all modalities.
Brazilian Journal of Biology, 2009
Fishing in the area of Cachoeira de Emas dates from the aboriginal Painguás who inhabited its margins. The socioeconomic conditions of the fishers and fishing are described, derived from personal interviews with 33 fishers. Their mean age is 48.6 years and they have been fishing on average for 24.2 years. The monthly total raw income is US$ 575.52 and the raw income just from fishing is of US$ 239.64 per fisher. Most of them (66.6%) have only incomplete primary and junior education. The main capture species are curimba Prochilodus lineatus, piapara Leporinus obtusidens, dourado Salminus brasiliensis, mandi Pimelodus maculatus, Pimelodus heraldoi and lambari (genus Astyanax and Roeboides). Fishers capture an average of 19.9 kg of fish per day. The total average raw income just calculated from the interviews is very high when compared with other places in Brazil and in the world, and above the poverty line as defined by the Getúlio Vargas Foundation. So we may conclude there these fishers are not the poorest in society.
Fisheries in southern Brazil: a comparison of their management and sustainability
Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 2009
Defined as operational units, the estuarine and marine fishing production systems (FPS) from the two southernmost states of Brazil, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul were analyzed using the RAPFISH technique with respect to sustainability of fisheries. The FPS were defined by 49 attributes divided into five fields: economic, social, ecological, technological and managerial. Data were obtained from the literature and interviews with fishers, skippers, and ship owners in 2003 and 2004. Overall, 26 FPS were identified: nine small-scale; three medium-scale; ten large-scale operating on the shelf, upper slope or nearby oceanic waters; and four large-scale fishing systems on the upper slope or neighboring oceanic waters. The latter included only foreign vessels, which produced frozen products exclusively for export. Analyses of 15 selected attributes more closely associated with sustainability in the five fields of evaluation showed all FPS in an intermediate position between the extremes of ideal and bad, reinforcing the perception that no FPS in southern Brazil can be considered truly sustainable; evidence of clearly unsustainable FPS was also not found. Thus RAPFISH fell short of producing a clear pattern that could result in sound management, probably due to disagreement among the different dimensions of sustainability. All five fields of evaluation were equally weighted; however, it could be argued that the biological and ecological status of fisheries were not given enough emphasis in relation to the other dimensions. Dissimilarities within FPS and differences regarding sustainability levels must all be taken into consideration for sound management measures.
The small-scale urban reservoir fisheries of Lago Paranoá, Brasília, DF, Brazil
Brazilian Journal of Biology, 2007
In many cases in large urban centers, which have appropriate waterbodies, small-scale fisheries are the only source of cheap protein for the poor. In Lago Paranoá, located in Brasília, the capital city of Brazil, fishing was studied by conducting interviews with 53 fishers filling in logbooks from March, 1 to March, 2000 in three fishing communities. The fishers come from the poorest towns around Brasília, known as satellite-towns. They have been living there on average for 21.7 years (s = .6 years), their families have 4. members (s = 3.6) on average and 44.2% do not have a basic education. However, such characteristics are similar to the socioeconomic indices of the metropolis where they live. In spite of being illegal between 166 and 2000, fishing generated an average monthly income of U$ 23.00 (s = U$ 171.77). The Nile Tilapia Oreocrhromis niloticus is the main captured species (85% of a total number of landings in weight of 62.5 t.). Fishing is carried out in rowing boats, individually or in pairs. The fishing equipment used are gillnets and castnets. Gillnets were used actively, whereby the surface of the water is beaten with a stick to drive Tilapias towards nets as they have the ability to swim backwards. This fishing strategy was used in 64.7% of the fisheries, followed by castnets (31.1%) and by gillnets which were used less (4.2%). The fish is sold directly in the streets and fairs of the satellite-towns to middlemen or to bar owners. Three communities have different strategies in terms of fishing equipments, fishing spots and commercialization. Consequently, there are statistically significant differences in relation to the monthly income for each one of these communities.
2012
In 1998, the government shifted a large part of the responsibilities of the fisheries sector from the IBAMA to the Ministry of Agriculture, constituting the Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture-DPA, leading to duplication of responsibility and thus more confusion in the sector. The new Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture is under the influence of the industrial fisheries sector, and is mainly concerned with the leasing of foreign boats for tuna fishing, ignoring important aspects like the establishment of a new fishing policy. This work intends, besides making an analysis of the situation of artisanal fisheries, to put forth some alternative strategies for the development of the sector, to non-governmental organisations and to the regional and national organisations of artisanal fishworkers. 4 4 Restingas (sand barrier) "Restingas" are found along the Brazilian coast in Marambaia (Rio de Janeiro), Ilha do Cardoso and Ilha Comprida (São Paulo), Guarapari (Espírito Santo) and São José do Norte (Rio Grande do Sul). Coastal ecosystems are utilised by artisanal fishers. Jangadas, a type of raft, are used in the Northeast and the fishermen in the south-southeast use small boats of about 8 meter length, with an in board motor, many times used in the trawling of the setebarbas shrimp (xiphopenaeus kroyeri) a variety of shrimp. Open Ocean, Deep Sea, Upwellings On the Brazilian coast, areas of upwelling are rare due to stratification of the water masses that prevents the surface layers from receiving nutrients from bottom layers. The main exception is areas of upwelling in the Cabo Frio region (near Rio de Janeiro). These ecosystems are used particularly by the industrial fleet in tuna and related species fishing. 1.2. Degradation of the coastal ecosystems and its impact on artisanal fishing While the traditional use of the coastal ecosystems, as in artisanal fishing, has little effect on the natural resources, the more recent utilisation of these ecosystems has intensified the degradation of these environments considerably, generally in places where there is urban-industrial activity. The artisanal fishers use almost all these ecosystems and their contamination, has been of grave consequence to the productivity of the sector and the quality of life of the coastal communities.