Effects of repetition priming on recognition memory: Testing a perceptual fluency-disfluency model (original) (raw)
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On the relation between perceptual priming and recognition memory
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 1988
Two experiments evaluated the hypothesis that perceptual fluency is used to infer prior occurrence. Subjects heard (Experiment 1) or saw (Experiment 2) a list of words and then were presented in the same modality with both these and other words twice in succession: first in a more or less impoverished fashion, and then in clear fashion. For the first of these two presentations, the subjects tried to identify the word; for the second, they gave a recognition judgment. As predicted by the perceptual fluency hypothesis, and as has been found in previous research, the recognition judgments were more positive for identified words than for unidentified words. However, degree of impoverishment, by which apparent perceptual fluency was brought under experimental control, did not affect the recognition judgments. The perceptual fluency hypothesis was therefore not supported, and the observed relation between identification and recognition was attributed to an item selection effect.
Masked repetition priming: Lexical activation or novel memory trace?
Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 1990
Are priming effects in implicit memory tasks produced by changes in lexical activation or by the formation of an episodic memory trace of the prime? If the latter view is correct, then no priming should be observed if subjects are unaware of the priming stimulus. Four experiments are reported in which the effect of a masked priming word upon subsequent performance on stemand fragment-completion tasks was examined. Strong and consistent effects were observed in both tasks when there was a short delay (1 sec) between the presentation of the prime and the test item, but at longer delays (20 sec), these effects appear to have dissipated. These results are consistent with the lexical activation view. However, they are also compatible with the view that a masked prime generates a special type of memory trace that is inaccessible to conscious awareness and is extremely short-lived. It is argued that further evidence is required to decide between these alternatives.
Models of Recognition, Repetition Priming, and Fluency: Exploring a New Framework
Psychological …, 2012
We present a new modeling framework for recognition memory and repetition priming based on signal detection theory. We use this framework to specify and test the predictions of 4 models: (a) a single-system (SS) model, in which one continuous memory signal drives recognition and priming; (b) a multiple-systems-1 (MS1) model, in which completely independent memory signals (such as explicit and implicit memory) drive recognition and priming; (c) a multiple-systems-2 (MS2) model, in which there are also 2 memory signals, but some degree of dependence is allowed between these 2 signals (and this model subsumes the SS and MS1 models as special cases); and (d) a dual-process signal detection (DPSD1) model, 1 possible extension of a dual-process theory of recognition (Yonelinas, 1994) to priming, in which a signal detection model is augmented by an independent recollection process. The predictions of the models are tested in a continuous-identification-with-recognition paradigm in both normal adults (Experiments 1-3) and amnesic individuals (using data from . The SS model predicted numerous results in advance. These were not predicted by the MS1 model, though could be accommodated by the more flexible MS2 model. Importantly, measures of overall model fit favored the SS model over the others. These results illustrate a new, formal approach to testing theories of explicit and implicit memory.
PLOS ONE, 2015
It has been suggested that unmasked repetition priming is composed of distinct long-and short-term priming components. The current study sought to clarify the relationship between these components by examining the relationship between them. A total of 60 people (45 females, 15 males) participated in a computer-based lexical decision task designed to measure levels of short-term priming across different levels of long-term priming. The results revealed an interdependent relationship between the two components, whereby an increase in long-term priming prompted a decrease in short-term priming. Both long-term and short-term priming were accurately captured by a single power function over seven minutes post repetition, suggesting the two components may draw on the same resources. This interdependence between long-and short-term priming may serve to improve fluency in reading.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2003
The REM model originally developed for recognition memory has recently been extended to implicit memory phenomena observed during threshold identification of words. We discuss two REM models based on Bayesian principles: a model for long-term priming (REMI; Schooler, Shiffrin, & Raaijmakers, 1999), and a model for short-term priming (ROUSE; Huber, Shiffrin, Lyle, & Ruys, in press). Although the identification tasks are the same, the basis for priming differs in the two models. In both paradigms we ask whether prior study merely reflects a bias to interpret ambiguous information in a certain manner, or instead leads to more efficient encoding. The observation of a 'both-primed benefit' in two-alternative forced-choice paradigms appears to show that both processes are present. However, the REMI model illustrates that the both-primed benefit is not necessarily indicative of an increase in perceptual sensitivity but might be generated by a criterion bias. The ROUSE model demonstrates how the amount of attention paid to the prime, and the consequent effect upon decision making, may lead to the reversal of the normal short-term priming effect that is observed in certain conditions.
Superficial priming in episodic recognition
Journal of Memory and Language, 2010
We explored the effect of superficial priming in episodic recognition and found it to be different from the effect of semantic priming in episodic recognition. Participants made recognition judgments to pairs of items, with each pair consisting of a prime item and a test item. Correct positive responses to the test item were impeded if the prime and test item were superficially related; this was the case when the items were words and the crucial relationship was phonological and orthographic as well as when the items were letter strings and the crucial relationship was orthographic. The results of further experiments suggested that the priming effect cannot be attributed to a process of discounting or to habituation in a familiarity assessment process.
Priming, to appear in Oxford Handbook of Human Memory
Priming refers to the faciliatory processing effects of repeating a stimulus or a task. This ubiquitous phenomenon interest’s memory researchers because its encoding and retrieval dynamics are both similar and different than many other forms of learning examined in this volume. This chapter explores one specific domain of priming that has been extensively studied in the memory literature – namely that which occurs when one identifies or classifies a stimulus repeatedly. Referred to as long-term repetition priming, we focus on a review of the mechanisms proposed for the faciliatory effects seen in priming. As we explore each proposed mechanism, it will become clear to the reader that no explanation captures all aspects of priming completely and as such, it is likely that multiple mechanisms may always be working in parallel, with their relative impact on behavior highlighted by the goals of the observer and the context of retrieval. This perspective is captured in the proposed adapti...
Behavioral, neuroimaging, and computational evidence for perceptual caching in repetition priming
Brain Research, 2010
Repetition priming (RP) is a form of learning, whereby classification or identification performance is improved with item repetition. Various theories have been proposed to understand the basis of RP, including alterations in the representation of an object and associative stimulus-response bindings. There remain several aspects of RP that are still poorly understood and it is unclear whether previous theories only apply to well-established object representations. This paper integrates behavioral, neuroimaging and computational modeling experiments in a new RP study using novel objects. Behavioral and neuroimaging results were inconsistent with existing theories of RP, thus a new perceptual memory-based caching mechanism is formalized using computational modeling. The model instantiates a viable neural mechanism that not only accounts for the pattern seen in this experiment, but also provides a plausible explanation for previous results that demonstrated residual priming after associative linkages were disrupted. Altogether, the current work helps advance our understanding of how brain utilizes repetition for faster information processing.