Dividing the Petroleum Pie: The Implications of Competition for Natural Resources in Africa between the USA and China on the US National Interests (original) (raw)

The United States of America vs. People’s Republic of China – A Quest for Oil in Sub-Saharan Africa

8th International Scientific Conference on Economic and Social Development and 4th Eastern European ESD Conference: Building Resilient Economy, Book of Proceedings

The paper studies a quest for oil in Sub-Saharan Africa, pursued by the world’s great powers, the United States of America (the U.S.) and the People’s Republic of China (China). Since the beginning of the 21st century, China shows rapidly increasing demand for natural resources, and especially oil. The establishment of the association of BRIC countries and the policy of diversification of energy resources pursued by the U.S., China and other developed and emerging economies has made Sub-Saharan Africa ever more important in the global geo-economic and geostrategic relations. The political and diplomatic activities, as preludes to the economic activities of China in Sub-Saharan Africa have increased significantly since the beginning of this century. These activities were primarily aimed at the exploitation of natural resources, directly through resource extraction, and indirectly through infrastructure projects, such as roads, railroads and pipelines. Chinese workers, followed by merchants, are present in many important i.e. resource rich states of Sub-Saharan Africa. The only superpower of present day, the U.S., does not look at the activities of China in Sub-Saharan Africa with favor. On the contrary, the U.S. has increased its military build-up in Africa and established new military bases. Consequently, Sub-Saharan Africa has already become the stage for geo-economic rivalry between the U.S. and China, and the future of the region will be marked by geo-economic and geopolitical conflicts, as an expression of the geo-economic rivalry between today’s (and future) great powers. The two regions most affected by this rivalry would be the Gulf of Guinea and the Horn of Africa. They are strategically most valuable regions of Sub-Saharan Africa, primarily because of their oil reserves.

US-China Competition for African Resources: Looming Proxy Wars Amid Possible Alternatives

Asian Journal of Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities, 2014

Although the US and its Western allies had long relationship with Africa in various categories of aid and development, China’s recent entry into the Dark Continent caused huge displeasure to the traditional donors. The Asian giant’s economic investment in Africa was so huge that it engaged scholars to analyze the trend from various perspectives including politics, economics, commerce, governance, human rights as well as security. The move also became an awakening or a reawakening for the US and its think tank in that, with the magnitude of rich resources under its soil, Africa is to be redefined in a more appealing fashion very unlike the Dark Continent the West had misinterpreted it for calculated hidden interests. It is based on this background that this study problematises the nature of the competition between the two giants and the implications it may hold for Africa.

China and the U.S. in Africa – Conflict or Collaboration?

Ad Americam, vol. 12, 2011, 2011

China’s quest for strategic resources in Africa (especially oil), but also for markets and political infl uence, created considerable fears in the American administration, as it could result in losing infl uence on this continent. This paper discusses Chinese engagement in Africa, focusing on the economic, political and social dimensions. Its main goal is presenting the U.S. and China’s goals, as well as areas in which they both compete and collaborate, as it is important to stress that American and Chinese efforts in Africa are not necessarily on a colliding course, as in many aspects they extend into different functional and geographical areas. Hence, it’s possible to see Africa as a ‘normal’ battlefi eld of globalized economy and perceive the benefi ts this competition can bring, especially to African countries, keeping in mind that the U.S.-IMF development model does not necessarily fi t Africa, and the international system is more and more based on US-China bilateral relations. This paper presents two theoretical patterns, followed by statistical data, presenting the ‘battlefi eld’ of Africa, focusing on the main problems, main actors and, fi nally, resources (especially oil) and export/import partners. The goals and policies of the U.S. and China are presented in the next parts of the paper, concluded by the possible areas of cooperation between these two main external actors.

China and the United States of America in Africa: a new scramble or a new cold war?

2012

The African continent is beset by a new wave of resource exploitation which has been rightly termed the new scramble for Africa’s resources. This new scramble is accompanied by another phenomenon in the mould of a cold war between China and the USA. This is a war of influence between the two countries to gain access to strategic resources in the African continent. This paper focuses on the strategies used by China and the USA in their efforts to exploit African mineral resources and highlights the strengths and weaknesses of these strategies. The paper also focuses on the impact of the new scramble on the African continent and discusses possible ways which African countries can use to benefit from the unfolding process.

Analysis of American and Chinese Policies for Africa: Insider view focusing on scramble for natural resources and conflicts

Review Paper

This paper seeks to analyze the American and Chinese Policies for Africa from an insider perspective. The authors open dialogue into the undressed economic concerns pointing at some of the African development dilemmas caused by China and America in Africa. They argue that neither America nor China has friends or enemies but purely interests in realizing African economic growth or social progress but their policy is masking themselves to accelerate every possible chance of exploiting African natural resources. With the emergence of oligopolistic players in the global economy, America an China inclusive, all of which scramble for mineral wealth and African markets, they come with high price and costs of humanitarian crisis and immense human rights violations and degradation of the environment severely affecting majorly the African continent. With deliberate economic pressure exerted on the African people that denies their right to control or manage their natural resources propels the authors to think that some of the people who are sometimes called terrorists may not actually be terrorists but could be innocent divergent thinkers who are fighting for their natural and geographical rights to resources. … Drawing from the findings of previous scholars that examined the structural operation of the American and Chinese policies for Africa, the authors argue that America and China do not have friends or enemies in Africa but interests. The authors recommend radical approaches to be employed by African governments to counter-balance the American hostile and Chinese-looting operations in order to contribute to a better Africa. Keyword: American, policy, insider, scramble, natural resources and conflicts