Yield and Yield Components of Onion (Allium cepa L.) as Affected by Irrigation Scheduling and Nitrogen Fertilization at Hawassa Area Districts in Southern Ethiopia (original) (raw)
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In arid and semiarid areas where agricultural development is severely constrained by water scarcity and its mismanagement, the need to use the available water efficiently is unquestionable. The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of onion for deficit irrigation. The field experiment was conducted at Antsokia Gemza woreda, eastern Amhara. The treatments consisted of four irrigation levels (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%ETc) that each were applied at four developmental (establishment, vegetative development, bulbification and ripening) stages and throughout the developmental stages. It was laid out in RCB design with three replications. Variation in amount of applied irrigation water either at specific or throughout the crop developmental stage/s/ had very high significant (P< 0.001) effect on yield and yield components of onion. Plant height, leaf number, fresh biomass, total bulb yield, unmarketable bulb yield, average bulb weight, bulb diameter, number of bigger and medium bulbs and percentage of bolting were increased linearly with increasing irrigation amount. The highest total bulb yield (26t ha-1) was obtained from treatment 100%IIII and the highest marketable yield (23.5t ha-1) was obtained from treatment 75%III0. Treatment 75%0III, 75%III0 and 50%III0 gave none significantly different total and marketable yields from 100%IIII. The severe yield reduction was obtained in treatment 25%IIII (3.8t ha-1) and 25%II0I (6.9t ha-1). Bulbification stage was the most sensitive stage for water deficit. On the other hand, water deficit during establishment or ripening stage had a limited effect on yield. Water productivity of onion was increased from 2.16% in treatment 75%0III to 6.47% in treatment 75%IIII compared to 100IIII. Hence, application of deficit irrigation either at establishment or ripening stage is good option to save water without significant bulb yield reduction. Application of 75%IIII can be a good option in water scarce areas to increase the irrigated area as a result of its high crop water productivity. Key words: onion, developmental stages, deficit irrigation, crop water productivity
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A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates and intra row spacing on yield of onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivar Bombay Red. Treatments consisted of a factorial combination of four rates of N (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha-1) and four intra row spacing (4, 6, 8, and 10 cm) with inter row spacing of 20 cm. The experiment was laid out as a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The analysis of variance revealed that the main effects of N and intra row spacing significantly affected average fresh bulb weight, bulb diameter, marketable yield, and total bulb yield. 100 kg N ha .-1 was found the best rate of N to get optimum marketable bulb yield (31.455 t ha-1), total bulb yield (32.84 t ha-1) and average bulb weight (86.50 g). The results also revealed that intra row spacing of 6 cm was optimum. Combined Spacing of 6 cm x 20 cm with 100 kg N ha-1 is most favourable for onion cultivar Bombay Red production at Shire, northern Ethiopia.
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ABSTRACT The field experiment was conducted in Bennatsemay Woreda Weyito experimental site of Jinka Agricultural Research Center, Southern Ethiopia, during 2018 season with objective of investigating the effect of deficit irrigation on yield and water productivity of Onion under conventional furrow irrigation system. Six treatments (T1=100% ETc, T2=85% ETc, T3=70% ETc, T4=50% ETc, T5=100% ETc Is, 85% ETc Ds, 70% ETc Ms, 50% ETc Ls and T6=85% ETc Is, 70% ETc Ds, 50% ETc Ms, 0% ETc Ls) were imposed on Onion (Allium cepa L.) Bombay red variety and laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Results indicated that the different deficit irrigation levels had highly significant (p < 0.01) effect on vegetative growth, yield, yield components and water use efficiency of Onion. Onion bulb yield was reduced with increased water stress, where as water productivity was increased with stress level increased. The highest bulb yield of 21.3 t/ha were obtained from T1 which was significantly different to all other treatments while yield from T6 (12.86 t/ha) was recorded as the lowest one. Similarly, the highest IWUE (2.41 kg/m3) and CWUE (4.02 kg/m3) were obtained from T6 which was significantly superior to all other treatments. But, at T4 and T6 high yield reduction was recorded which may not be attractive for producers. From resources conservation point of view, maximum water productivity may be our attention, which could be obtained under this severe deficit irrigation. However, such consequences on yield may not be tolerable from producers view point (at T4 and T6). Therefore, it could be concluded that increased water saving and water productivity through irrigation at 70% ETc deficit irrigation level under conventional furrow irrigation system can solve the problem of water shortage and would ensure the opportunity of further irrigation development in the study area and similar agro-ecology.
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Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an important vegetable crop in Ethiopia. However, the yield of the crop is often constrained by low and imbalanced nutrient supply in the soil. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at Mertule Mariam ATVET College to study the effect of vermicompost and inorganic NP fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of garlic (Allium sativum L.) during 2013 main rainy season. A locally grown garlic cultivar called Tsedey 92 (G-493) was used for the study. The treatment consisted of three levels of nitrogen (0, 23 and 46 kg ha-1), three levels of phosphorus (0, 46 and 92 kg P2O5 ha-1) and three levels of vermicompost (0, 2.5 and 5 t ha-1). The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a factorial arrangement, and replicated three times. Data were collected on phenology, plant growth, bulb yield, and quality of the crop. The results revealed that the main effects of phosphorus and vermicompost significantly (P < 0.05) affected days to emergence whereas nitrogen had no significant effect on days to emergence. The main effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and vermicompost also significantly (P < 0.05) influenced days to maturity, leaf number, leaf area index, mean clove weight, mean bulb weight, fresh biomass yield, total bulb yield, dry matter percent and total soluble solid. The highest total bulb yield 7.96 t ha-1 was recorded at 92 kg P2O5 ha-1. At lone application of 46 kg N ha-1 and 92 kg P2O5 ha-1 , similar amount of maximum total soluble solid 5.79 o Brix was recorded. Conversely, the interaction effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and vermicompost significantly (P < 0.05) influenced plant height. The interaction effects of nitrogen and phosphorus and the main effect of vermicompost significantly (P < 0.05) affected marketable and unmarketable bulb yield, and mean clove number. The highest marketable yield 7.87 t ha-1 and 6.99 t ha-1 were recorded from combined application of 46 kg N ha-1 and 92 kg P2O5 and sole application of 5 t vermicompost ha-1 respectively. Harvest index was also significantly (P < 0.05) affected by the interaction effects of nitrogen and phosphorus. The maximum harvest index 68.36% was also recorded at combined application of 46 kg N ha-1 and 92 kg P2O5 ha-1. The highest benefit (280542.00 ETB ha-1) in the partial budget was recorded at 5 t ha-1 vermicompost followed by (172569.00 ETB ha-1) at combined application of 46 kg N and 92 kg P2O5 ha-1. It can, thus be concluded that, lone application of 5 t ha-1 vermicompost or combined application of 46 kg N ha-1 plus 92 kg P2O5 ha-1 led to the maximum growth, yield and quality of the garlic crop.
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A field experiment was conducted at Gode Polytechnic College demonstration farm in 2013 under irrigation to observe the effect of six N rates (0, 46, 69, 92, 115 and 138 kg ha-1) and four intra-row spacing levels (7.5, 10 12.5 and 15 cm) on yield and yield components of onion (Allium cepa L.). The experiment was laid out according to randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement with three replications. Results of the analysis revealed that the interaction effects of N rates and intra-row spacing showed highly significant (P<0.01) effect on harvest index, fresh biomass yield, dry biomass yield, total bulb yield and marketable bulb yield. Thus, according to the result of partial Budget analysis application of 138kg N ha-1 planted at 7.5cm plant to plant distance was found the best treatment than others in relation to yield and yield components of onion under Gode condition.
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Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an important vegetable crop in Ethiopia. However, the yield of the crop is often constrained by low and imbalanced nutrient supply in the soil. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at Mertule Mariam ATVET College to study the effect of vermicompost on growth, yield and quality of garlic (Allium sativum L.) during 2013 main rainy season. A locally grown garlic cultivar called Tsedey 92 (G-493) was used for the study. The treatment consisted of three levels of vermicompost (0, 2.5 and 5 t ha-1). The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design (RCBD), and replicated three times. Data were collected on phenology, plant growth, bulb yield, and quality of the crop. The results revealed that increasing rate of vermicompost significantly (P < 0.05) affected days to emergence. The effect of vermicompost also significantly (P < 0.05) influenced days to maturity, leaf number, leaf area index, mean clove weight, mean bulb weight, fresh biomass yield, total bulb yield, dry matter percent and total soluble solid. The highest bulb dry matter percent (51.05) and total bulb yield (7.78 t ha-1) was recorded at 5 t vermicompost ha-1. Increasing level of vermicompost also significantly (P < 0.05) affected marketable and unmarketable bulb yield, and mean clove number. The highest marketable and the lowest unmarketable yield was obtained at 5 t ha-1 vermicompost. Marketable yield of garlic was increased by 9.96% and unmarketable bulb yield was decreased by 12.83% at an application rate of 5 t vermicompost ha-1 over the control. Total soluble solid was also increased from 5.13 to 5.69 o Brix by applying 5 t vermicompost ha-1 over the control. Harvest index was also significantly (P < 0.05) affected by the increased application of vermicompost. The maximum harvest index 68.36% was also recorded at application of 5 t vermicompost ha-1. It can, thus be concluded that, application of 5 t ha-1 vermicompost led to the maximum growth, yield and quality of the garlic crop.
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A field experiment was conducted at Shire, Lemlem demonstration farm under rainfall condition to study the impact of nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates and intra row spacing on growth bulb yields and profitability of onion (Allium cepa L.). Treatments consisted of factorial combination of four rates of N fertilizer (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1) and four intra row spacing (4, 6, 8, and 10 cm). The experiment was laid out as a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The result of this study revealed that the interaction effect of N and spacing affected days to maturity and plant height. The main effect of N significantly affected most of the studied parameters while spacing affected number of leaves and yield. Days to maturity of onions were prolonged in response to the increased rate of nitrogen application. Increasing nitrogen from the nil to 150 kg N ha-1 decreased bolting percentage by 62%. Increasing the rate of nitrogen from 50 to 100 kg N ha-1 increased the total bulb yield and leaf number by about 26.7% and 29% respectively. However, increasing the rate of N further from 100 to 150 kg N ha-1 tended to decrease total bulb yield by 5.3 %. Higher marketable yield of 31.455 t ha-1 were obtained at 100 kg N ha .-1. The result of partial Budget analysis showed that 100 kg N ha-1 combined with 6 cm intra row spacing was found the best treatment than others in relation to bulb yield and economic benefits under the condition of Shire, northern Ethiopia.
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