(Invited) Supercapacitor/Battery Hybrids for Energy Harvesting Applications (original) (raw)
Renewable Energy Harvesting Using Super Capacitor
IRJET, 2023
Harvesting energy from the surroundings is a acceptable and an increasing number of important functionality in several emerging packages of clever sensing structures. Due to the low-electricity traits of many clever-sensor systems, their energy harvesting systems (EHS) can achieve excessive performance by means of emphasizing low overhead in maximum electricity factor tracking (MPPT) and the usage of supercapacitors as a promising form of electricity storage factors (ESE). concerns in designing green charging circuitry for supercapacitors include leakage, residual strength, topology, electricity density, and price redistribution. This chapter first opinions ambient electricity sources and their energy transducers for harvesting, followed with the aid of descriptions harvesters with low-overhead green charging circuitry and supercapacitor-primarily based garage.
Low Power Energy Harvesting & Supercapacitor Storage
This paper presents a hand cranked generator or an exercise bicycle to generate small amount of energy which is effectively stored in a supercapacitor Bank. Supercapacitors can absorb and deliver huge bursts of power in a short span of time owing to its low ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance).If more charging current is given to the battery it may lead to excessive heating and decreases the life of the battery but the charging current limit of supercapacitors is very high. Thus it can be charged rapidly which is a very useful feature for energy harvesting applications. The energy generated by hand cranking or coupling the generator with an exercise bicycle rapidly charges the supercapacitor bank via a current limiter. The supercapacitor Bank can then be effectively discharged using a low voltage boost converter to store the energy in a battery or to power small devices. This way the energy generated by the exercise bicycle which is an ambient source of energy can be effectively utilized which would have otherwise gone wasted.
An Ultra-Low-Power CMOS Supercapacitor Storage Unit for Energy Harvesting Applications
Electronics
This work presents an ultra-low-power CMOS supercapacitor storage unit suitable for a plethora of low-power autonomous applications. The proposed unit exploits the unregulated voltage output of harvesting circuits (i.e., DC-DC converters) and redirects the power to the storage elements and the working loads. Being able to adapt to the input energy conditions and the connected loads’ supply demands offers extended survival to the system with the self-startup operation and voltage regulation. A low-complexity control unit is implemented which is composed of power switches, comparators and logic gates and is able to supervise two supercapacitors, a small and a larger one, as well as a backup battery. Two separate power outputs are offered for external load connection which can be controlled by a separate unit (e.g., microcontroller). Furthermore, user-controlled parameters such as charging and discharging supercapacitor voltage thresholds, provide increased versatility to the system. T...
Supercapacitor-Based Hybrid Energy Harvesting for Low-Voltage System
InTech eBooks, 2018
This research provides a platform for a novel innovative approach toward an off-grid energy harvesting system for Maglev VAWT. This stand-alone system can make a difference for using small-scale electronic devices. The configuration presents a 200 W 12 V 16 Pole AFPMSG attached to Maglev VAWT of 14.5 cm radius and 60 cm of height. The energy harvesting circuit shows better efficiency in charging battery in all aspects compared to direct charging of battery regardless with or without converter. Based on analysis and results carried out in this research, all feasibility studies and information are provided for the next barrier.
Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, 2017
In this paper, an extensive effort has been made to design and develop a prototype in a laboratory setup environment in order to investigate experimentally the response of a novel Supercapacitor based energy harvesting circuit; particularly the phenomena of instantaneous charging and discharging cycle is analysed. To maximize battery lifespan and storage capacity, charging/discharging cycles need to be optimized in such a way, it ultimately enhances the system performances reliably. Keeping this into focus, an Arduino-MOSFET based control system is developed to charge the Supercapacitor from a low wind Vertical Axis Turbine (VAWT) and discharge it through a 6V battery. With a wind speed of 5m/s, the wind turbine requires approximately 8.1 hours to charge the 6V battery through Supercapacitor bank that constitutes 18 cycles in which each cycle consumes 27 minutes. The overall performance of the proposed system was quite convincing in a sense that the efficiency of the developed Energy Harvesting Circuit EHC raises to 19% in comparison to direct charging of the battery from the Vertical wind turbine. At low wind speed, such value of efficiency margin is quite encouraging which essentially validates the system design.
Solar-Supercapacitor Harvesting System Design for Energy-Aware Applications
Supercapacitors are an emerging choice for energy buffering in field systems and their use in solar-powered field systems has been the focus of recent research. Supercapacitors offer advantages compared to rechargeable batteries for energy buffering due to their energy charge/discharge efficiency as well as environmental friendliness. Additionally, a supercapacitorbased system permits an energy-aware operation due to its superior energy-predictability. This paper describes a circuit for solar/supercapacitor energy harvesting, which includes power and voltage measurements, voltage regulation circuit and RS232 communication capability with the host embedded processor. A complete system is prototyped and its operation is discussed in terms of design parameters.
Design and Performance Analysis of Supercapacitor Charging Circuits for Wireless Sensor Nodes
IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems, 2011
Micro-solar energy harvesting systems have achieved efficient operations through maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and maximum power transfer tracking (MPTT) techniques. However, they may have chargers with relatively high power thresholds, below which they have 0% efficiency. As a result, these harvesters either require much larger panels than necessary, or they fail to sustain extended periods of poor weather. To address this problem, we propose to generalize MPTT to MCZT, for Maximum Charging Zone Tracking, to expand the zones of effective charging. To cover the wide dynamic range of solar irradiation, we propose a programmable charge pump driven by a direct digital synthesizer (DDS). In addition, we dynamically reconfigure the topology of multiple supercapacitors to maximize charging efficiency and minimize voltage-dependent leakage. Experimental results from simulation and measurement show that under the high solar irradiance of 1000 W/m2, our MPTT part achieves 40%-50% faster charging time than one without MPTT; and under low solar irradiation of 300 W/m2, the boost-up operation of our system enables fully charging the supercapacitors, thereby extending the harvesting time zone from 10:00 am-07:10 pm to 8:20 am-8:00 pm even on a sunny day, all with an MPTT overhead of 1.5 mW.
Super-capacitor and Thin Film Battery Hybrid Energy Storage for Energy Harvesting Applications
This paper presents the design of hybrid energy storage unit (HESU) for energy harvesting applications using super-capacitor and thin film battery (TFB). The power management circuits of this hybrid energy storage unit are proposed to perform "smart" charge/discharge control in order to optimize the HESU from the perspectives of energy loss due to leakage current and equivalent series resistance (ESR). This paper shows the characterizations of ESUs for energy harvesting powered wireless sensor networks (WSN) applications. A new design of power management circuits is proposed in order to utilize the low ESR characteristics of super-capacitor and the low leakage current characteristics of the TFB in the hybrid energy storage. The average power loss due to leakage current is measured at 38µW in the proposed system. When Compared to the super-capacitor energy storage with the similar capacity, the proposed hybrid energy storage unit reduces the leakage power by approximately 45% whilst maintains a similar (<100 mΩ) ESR.
2009
Emerging technologies for ambient energy harvesting have enabled the development of Energy-Harvesting Aware Wireless Sensor Networks. This paper presents a new energy efficient approach for the characterization of a system composed of a solar mini-panel and supercapacitors (supercaps) that is able to supply energy to the sensor node from the three possible sources, namely, the supercapacitor (supercap), the backup battery and the solar-panel itself. Besides the efficiency this approach preserves the integrity of the supercapacitors, avoiding the real risks of degradation usually found in the literature. It is also shown that the energy efficiency provides not only energy awareness sensor nodes, but also information for the analysis and planning of QoS metrics for Wireless Sensor Networks.
Energy harvesting systems that couple solar panels with supercapacitor buffers offer an attractive option for powering computational systems deployed in field settings, where power infrastructure is inaccessible. Supercapacitors offer a particularly compelling advantage over electrochemical batteries for such settings because of their ability to survive many more charge–discharge cycles. We share UR-SolarCap—a versatile open source design for such a harvesting system that targets embedded system applications requiring power in the 1–10 W range. Our system is designed for high efficiency and con-trollability and, importantly, supports auto-wakeup from a state of complete energy depletion. This paper summarizes our design methodology, and the rationale behind our design and configuration decisions. Results from the operation and testing of a system realized with our design demonstrate: 1) an achievable harvester efficiency of 85%; 2) the ability to maintain sustained operation over a two week period when the solar panel and buffer are sized appropriately; and 3) a robust auto-wakeup functionality that resumes system operation upon the availability of harvestable energy after a period in which the system has been forced into a dormant state because of a lack of usable energy. To facilitate the use of the system by researchers exploring embedded system applications in environments that lack a power infrastructure, our designs are available for download as an archive containing design schematics, Printed Circuit Board (PCB) files, firmware code, and a component list for assembly of the system. In addition, a limited number of pre-assembled kits are available upon request.