General immune status and oral microbiology in patients with different forms of periodontitis and healthy control subjects (original) (raw)
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Journal of Clinical Medicine
Survival and function of immune subsets in the oral blood, peripheral blood and gingival tissues of patients with periodontal disease and healthy controls were assessed. NK and CD8 + T cells within the oral blood mononuclear cells (OBMCs) expressed significantly higher levels of CD69 in patients with periodontal disease compared to those from healthy controls. Similarly, TNF-α release was higher from oral blood of patients with periodontal disease when compared to healthy controls. Increased activation induced cell death of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) but not OBMCs from patients with periodontal disease was observed when compared to those from healthy individuals. Unlike those from healthy individuals, OBMC-derived supernatants from periodontitis patients exhibited decreased ability to induce secretion of IFN-γ by allogeneic healthy PBMCs treated with IL-2, while they triggered significant levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 by untreated PBMCs. Interaction of PBMCs, or NK...
Serum Cytokine Levels in Periodontitis Patients in Relation to the Bacterial Load
Journal of Periodontology, 2011
Background: Periodontitis is a local inflammatory disease that also has some systemic effects. We investigated the levels of interferon (IFN)-g, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, and interleukin (IL)-2,-4,-5, and-10 in the serum of patients with periodontitis in relation to the bacterial load in the dental plaques. Methods: Serum cytokine levels in patients with generalized periodontitis and healthy control groups were determined using the cytometric bead array kit. Bacterial load in the dental plaque was determined semiquantitatively by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The proportions of different lymphocyte subsets were determined in the peripheral blood of patients with periodontitis by flow cytometry. Finally, relationships between the bacterial load in the subgingival plaques of patients with periodontitis and levels of cytokines and counts of lymphocyte subsets were established. Results: Serum levels of IFN-g, TNF-a, and IL-10 were significantly increased, whereas those of IL-2 were significantly decreased in patients with periodontitis compared to healthy controls. Increased serum levels of IFN-g and TNF-a in patients with periodontitis were associated with the enhanced dental plaque load with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) and Porphyromonas gingivalis, respectively. Finally, as revealed by analysis of lymphocyte populations, the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans and Trepomena denticola was associated with an increased population of CD3-/CD16 + and CD3 + /CD8 + cells, respectively. Conclusion: Certain periodontal pathogens could be associated with an increased level of proinflammatory cytokines in the peripheral blood and thus increased risk of systemic diseases.
Immunologic and Microbiologic Profiles of Chronic and Aggressive Periodontitis Subjects
Journal of Periodontology, 2010
Background: This study determines the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, interferon (IFN)-g and elastase activity in inflamed shallow and deep periodontal sites from patients with generalized chronic (GCP) and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP), and to compare them to shallow sites from subjects with gingivitis. A secondary aim analyzes the microbiologic profile of these subjects.
Role of Immunology in Periodontal Disease: A Brief Review
Journal of Scientific Dentistry, 2018
Periodontitis is a highly complex and multifactorial disease. In recent years, researchers began to focus on bacterial-host interactions. It had been recognized that though the bacteria present in plaque initiates the periodontal inflammation, the host response to these pathogens equally matters in the progression of the disease. Therefore, the severity of this disease is due to a variety of factors, including the presence of periodontopathic bacteria, high levels of proinflammatory mediators and low levels of antiinflammatory mediators. However, the immune response initiated by periodontal disease seems to be much broader. This review attempts to enlighten the various immune mechanisms involved in periodontal disease initiation and progression.
Salivary interleukin-1 β concentration and the presence of multiple pathogens in periodontitis
Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 2009
Aim: This study aimed to find salivary enzymes and/or cytokines that would reflect periodontitis, alone or in combination with salivary microbial markers. Material and Methods: The salivary concentrations of elastase, lactate dehydrogenase, interleukin-1b (IL-1b), interleukin-6, and tumour necrosis factor-a, and the presence of five periodontal pathogens, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola, were analysed from salivary specimens of 165 subjects, a subpopulation of Health 2000 Health Examination Survey in Finland; 84 of the subjects had probing pocket depth (PPD) of X4 mm at 14 or more teeth (the advanced periodontitis group), while 81 subjects had no teeth with PPD of X4 mm (the control group). All subjects had at least 20 teeth and no systemic diseases. Results: Among the salivary cytokines and enzymes tested, IL-1b was the only biomarker associated with periodontitis. An association was also found with the presence of multiple periodontal pathogens. Salivary IL-1b and the presence of multiple periodontal pathogens were associated with periodontitis at the same magnitude, when they were in the logistic regression model individually or together. Conclusion: We suggest that salivary IL-1b and the presence of multiple periodontal pathogens in saliva should be studied more thoroughly as markers of periodontitis.
Release of cytokines by stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells in chronic periodontitis
Archives of Oral Biology, 2010
The emergence of periodontal medicine increased interest in defining the behaviour of peripheral blood cells in periodontitis subjects in comparison with healthy group. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of interleukin (IL)-8, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6 and IL-10 released by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from the peripheral blood of chronic periodontitis subjects.PBMC samples were isolated from 19 systemically healthy donors, divided into generalized chronic periodontitis (n = 10) and healthy (n = 9) subjects. Cells were incubated for 24–48 h in 500 μL wells containing RPMI 1640 and stimulated with 1.0 ng/mL of E. coli LPS. Supernatants were used to quantify the amounts of IL-8, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 released using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).PBMC cells from periodontitis subjects released higher levels of TNF-α and IL-6 than those from healthy subjects (P < 0.05). Conversely, the supernatants of the stimulated PBMC cells obtained from healthy subjects presented higher amounts of IL-8 than those from periodontitis (P < 0.05). No differences were observed in the levels of IL-10 (P > 0.05) between groups.In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that E. coli LPS-stimulated PBMC from subjects with periodontitis present a different pattern of cytokine release when compared to PBMC from healthy subjects. This phenomenon could have implications locally, in periodontitis, as well as in systemic diseases.
Immunohistochemical evaluation of the inflammatory response in periodontal disease
Brazilian Dental Journal, 2008
In order to contribute to the knowledge of the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, an immunohistochemical analysis of the density of inflammatory mononucleated cells and the number of dendritic cells was performed using anti-CD4, anti-CD20, anti-CD25, anti-CD68 and anti-protein S-100 antibodies in 17 cases of chronic gingivitis (CG) and 25 of chronic periodontitis (CP). The CD4+ and CD68+ cells exhibited a diffuse distribution in the connective tissue. CD20+ cell distribution was predominantly in groups and the CD25+ cells exhibited a diffuse or focal distribution. The S-100+ cells were identified in the epithelium and the lamina propria, exhibiting distinct morphology and number. The statistical analysis showed no significant differences (p>0.05) between CG and CP regarding the density of the CD4+ and CD20+ cells and the number of S-100+ cells. However, significant differences (p<0.05) were found between the groups in the density of CD25+ and CD68+ cells . The density of macrophages was greater in CG and the level of cellular activation of the lymphocyte infiltrate was greater in CP. No differences were detected between the aforementioned conditions regarding the density of the T and B lymphocytes and to the number of the dendritic cells.
Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 2018
Summary Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by the colonization of teeth by the bacterial plaque biofilm and the resultant host immune responses in adjacent periodontal tissues. Disease severity can vary dramatically between patients with periodontitis, with some subjects displaying inflammation without bony destruction (gingivitis), while others experience chronic progressive or rapidly aggressive gingival connective tissue damage and bone loss. To determine whether peripheral immune dysregulation is associated with periodontitis, we performed extensive analysis of immune cell subsets in peripheral blood from patients with chronic or aggressive periodontitis versus periodontally healthy control subjects. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with chronic periodontitis or aggressive periodontitis and from periodontally healthy controls were analysed by 8–10-colour flow cytometry for the frequencies of various lymphocyte subsets, including interle...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2022
Periodontitis (P) is a highly prevalent inflammatory disease of the oral cavity. The objective of the study was to evaluate the stages of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in initial, moderate and severe periodontitis. One hundred and twenty two patients were included in the study. Periodontitis subjects had at least 20 natural teeth and ≥8 sites with pocket depths of >4 mm and clinical attachment loss (CAL). A questionnaire was used with respect to the socio demographic parameters which included age, gender, ethnicity, education, marital, residence and occupation. To categorize the severity of the disease, teeth were assessed for, Plaque index (PI), Bleeding on probing (BOP), CAL, missing tooth, tooth mobility and bone loss. Unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) was collected and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) cytokine levels were analyzed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay with microplate reader at 450 nm. Clinical parameters and salivary cytokine concentrations were assessed using one-wa...
Immunological aspects of inflammatory periodontal disease (analytical review)
2020
Clinical and immunological parallels in inflammatory periodontal diseases are considered taking into account some features of the functioning of general and local structures of the immune system in periodontitis of varying severity, chronic generalized periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis. In the analysis of immunopathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal diseases, an essential role is given to an imbalance in the immune and cytokine system.