No risk, no fun: the role of perceived risk in adventure tourism (original) (raw)
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Risk as a Motivation for Adventure Tourist
ASEAN Journal on Hospitality and Tourism, 2017
Adventure activities are commonly associated with risky activities. The affiliation between adventure tourism and risk has made adventure tourism experience distinct from other tourism subset. Therefore risk plays a role as motivation factor for adventure tourists' to participate in adventure activities. However, different study mentioned that adventure tourist's unwillingness to be the subject of actual risk also provide a different view on risk role in adventure tourism. This research aims to investigate the role of risk for adventure tourists' motivation to engage with adventure tourism. This study uses quantitative research methods to achieve its aim. The data was gathered using a self-completion questionnaire, which targeted adventure tourists through the internet. This questionnaire was posted to several adventureaffiliated groups found in social network for foreseeable time and able to get reasonable amount of responds from intended target. The findings confirm that risk affiliation with adventure tourism activities exists through tourism perspective. The findings also confirm that risk is part of tourists' motivation to take part in adventure, hence describe role of risk in adventure activities
Risk Perception and Tourist Types
International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management in the Digital Age, 2019
Over time, tourism has become an industry that has a visible impact on the overall development of the society. This study examines the impact of perceived risks on different types of tourists classified on the basis of travel motives and would help develop a variety of risk-reducing phenomena and paraphernalia to supply to the traveller. Based on a survey conducted among tourists visiting a tourist destination, the study explores the differences in risk perception among different tourist types. The study uses a self-designed scale on type of risks against the ITR scale that classifies travellers into three types based on their travel motives. Findings supported two types of tourist classification against the three types in the existing ITR scale. Findings further revealed that there is a significant difference in the risk perception of the two types of tourists based on their travel motives in case of satisfaction risk, exhaustion risk and psychological risk.
Risk perception study in tourism: Are we really measuring perceived risk?
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Research on tourist’s risk perception is emerging since the beginning of last decade, marked by the 9/11 attack. In view of the cleavage and dearth of risk perception theories, scholars begin to question the validity or credibility of risk perception study in tourism. This paper investigates concepts and theories of risk perception adopted by existing literature with an aim to conceptualize the different aspects of risk perception in order to enhance current understanding of tourist’s risk perception. Based on existing literature, uncertainty, worry, fear, and anxiety are found to be closely related to risk perception. These terms have been used interchangeably in past studies, which has therefore caused confusion in understanding tourists’ experience with risk. The definitions of the aforementioned terms and their relationship with risk perception are clearly illustrated in this paper. Likewise, recommendations for future research agenda are included.
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2018
Tourism is vital to the economy of a country. Successful tourism marketing strategies require an understanding of why people travel and what factors influence their behavioural intention of choosing a travel destination. Tourism scholars have recognized the impact of perceived risk on travel behaviour and decision, because tourists are likely to avoid destinations with greater perceived risk regardless of whether that notion is a real representation of the level of safety in a destination. While overall the field of tourism has been abundantly researched, there are certain areas where there is a paucity of research such marketing strategies of destinations that sorted by tourists as a risky destination. This article contributes to this extremely important researched subject, specifically, this study seeking to investigate the role of perceived risks in building the tourists future intentions toward the destination. The research is focusing on developing a conceptual model which identifies the components of the tourist behaviour that corresponding to the three stages, namely, perceived risks stage, actual experience stage, and future intention stage.
WHY RISK WHY NOW? CONCEPTUAL PROBLEMS AROUND THE RISK PERCEPTION IN TOURISM INDUSTRY
RBTur, 2011
Even though the risk perception theory has been coined by Cognitive Psychology and widely used during more than 40 years, only after September 11 th 2001 the term risk was borrowed to tourism fields. The psychological and symbolic impacts that generated the WTC attacks drew the attention of many scholars concerned by the destination image. However, based on assumptions that need to be revisited, this body of knowledge rests on shaky foundations simply because its working definition of risk seems not to be correct. In addition, risk perception theory nourishes a discourse enrooted in a radicalized construction of otherness whose characteristics scare us. To some extent, risk perception theory in tourism has much to say but in fact some previous points should be previously discussed.
There are several motivations for participating tourism activities. Some of these are known as to relax, to see different places, to discover new cultures, to swim etc. Nearby them, there are some other reasons like to feel rush, passion for adventure, feeling of fear or enjoyment of risk. These latter elements can also be accepted as core ingredients of tourism for participants’ motivation. Tourism market-ers need to keep pace with these changes and needs. The purpose of this study is to examine expected changes in tourism, characteristics of participants who are motivated by risk, risky and recreational behavior and marketing behavior which responds to them. The study is undertaken by literature review and an assembly of earlier works is made in this paper, concepts are explained, tourist experience is given and several examples are presented for this purpose. At the same time research focuses on countries known for best practices of adventure tourism, and its importance in tourism economy is prevailed. In this study, how risk taking may play a big role in tourism motivation is identied and the importance of this phenomenon for marketers who wants to have economical outcomes is discussed. The results can be benecial for both tourism participants and people responsible for tourism marketing activities. Keywords: Risk, Adventure tourism, tourism motivation, marketing, tourism economy.
An increasingly complex and rapidly-evolving array of risks presents one of the greatest challenges for decision-makers in all sectors, including the transport and tourism industry. The prospects of an international destination can be profoundly damaged in minutes as a result of a major outbreak of infectious disease, a natural disaster or a terrorist incident. It is therefore vital to understand the changing nature of risk and the ways that risks are perceived and understood, especially as people tend to respond to the perception of risks rather than actual risks, which means that their responses are not always rational and can even expose them to more danger. The first part of this paper assesses the understanding of risk, and why social, cultural and psychological factors influence the response to threat, the second part looks at the application of this approach to tourism, and the third part sets out a model that can capture the relevant variables for the tourism industry. Key Words: tourism, perception, risk, understanding, management.
Journal of Travel Tourism Research , 2007
Local Travel Agency products occupy a central role in fulfilling tourists' varied holiday motivations (e.g., relaxation, exploring new areas, novelty seeking, building new relationships, desire for adventure etc). While risk perceptions are likely to affect tourist choices of activities and buying behaviors, perceived risks toward trips whilst on vacation have not been adequately analyzed. Departing from the limited number of research, this study explored whether perceived risk differs between dissimilar trip types and whether risk perceptions vary as a result of personal factors (demographics, past experience etc.,). Five risk dimensions were identified and these dimensions were found to be generic in trip types examined in the study. The extent of risk perceptions was however found to be dependent on the characteristics of the trip, and that past experience and familiarity affected tourists' risk perceptions most. Implications of the study are discussed.
Tourism at risk: A review of risk and perceived risk in tourism
2015
Since the 9/11 attack in 2001, a number of major tragedies, including the SARS outbreak, the Bali bombings, and the Asian tsunami, have swept the tourism industry across the globe. The impact of these crises was unprecedented and thus, it raises the necessity to review the existing risk literature in tourism. This paper reviews the multi-dimensional concept of risk in tourism by analyzing 46 selected articles following the guidelines of content analysis. The findings are categorized into four broad meaning themes: (1) the concept of risk, safety and security; (2) the research trend of risk in tourism; (3) the definitions and antecedents of perceived risk; and (4) risk as a positive element. Based on the analysis, a framework is proposed for future research. The originality of this study lies in its attempt to conceptualize a comprehensive framework of risk perception in tourism as the existing literature tends to be empirically skewed, resulting in theoretical frameworks underused or applied in a fragmented way.