Kinetic Analysis of Complex Training Rest Interval Effect on Vertical Jump Performance (original) (raw)
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Influence of rest intervals following assisted jumping on bodyweight vertical jump performance
2012
Cazas, VL, Brown, LE, Coburn, JW, Galpin, AJ, Tufano, JJ, LaPorta, JW, and Du Bois, AM. Influence of rest intervals after assisted jumping on bodyweight vertical jump performance. J Strength Cond Res 27(1): 64-68, 2013-Assisted jumping (an overspeed concept) is a method used to improve vertical jump performance. However, research is lacking on the optimal program design to maximize performance outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of rest intervals after assisted jumping on bodyweight (BW) vertical jumps. Twenty healthy recreationally trained men (age: 22.85 6 1.84 years; height: 179.44 6 5.99 cm; mass: 81.73 6 9.51 kg) attended 5 sessions. For all sessions, subjects performed the same dynamic warm-up and then executed 1 set of 5 consecutive assisted jumps at 30% BW reduction. They then rested for 30 seconds (C30), 1 minute (C1), 2 minutes (C2), or 4 minutes (C4), followed by 3 BW jumps with no assistance. Baseline (CB) jump height was measured without preceding assisted jumps. Analyses of variance revealed a main effect for takeoff velocity, with 1 and 4 minutes being greater than baseline (C1: 3.36 6 0.40 m$s 21 ; C4: 3.27 6 0.41 m$s 21 ; CB: 3.13 6 0.32 m$s 21 ). Relative peak power also demonstrated a main effect, with 1 minute being greater than all other conditions (C1: 75.22 6 10.83 W$kg 21 ). Jump height and relative ground reaction force demonstrated no differences between conditions. These results indicate overspeed jumping acutely enhances explosive BW jumping velocity and power. This acute performance enhancement is probably a result of increased motor neuron excitability and motor unit synchronization.
Influence of Rest Intervals After Assisted Jumping on Bodyweight Vertical Jump Performance
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2013
Cazas, VL, Brown, LE, Coburn, JW, Galpin, AJ, Tufano, JJ, LaPorta, JW, and Du Bois, AM. Influence of rest intervals after assisted jumping on bodyweight vertical jump performance. J Strength Cond Res 27(1): 64-68, 2013-Assisted jumping (an overspeed concept) is a method used to improve vertical jump performance. However, research is lacking on the optimal program design to maximize performance outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of rest intervals after assisted jumping on bodyweight (BW) vertical jumps. Twenty healthy recreationally trained men (age: 22.85 6 1.84 years; height: 179.44 6 5.99 cm; mass: 81.73 6 9.51 kg) attended 5 sessions. For all sessions, subjects performed the same dynamic warm-up and then executed 1 set of 5 consecutive assisted jumps at 30% BW reduction. They then rested for 30 seconds (C30), 1 minute (C1), 2 minutes (C2), or 4 minutes (C4), followed by 3 BW jumps with no assistance. Baseline (CB) jump height was measured without preceding assisted jumps. Analyses of variance revealed a main effect for takeoff velocity, with 1 and 4 minutes being greater than baseline (C1: 3.36 6 0.40 m$s 21 ; C4: 3.27 6 0.41 m$s 21 ; CB: 3.13 6 0.32 m$s 21 ). Relative peak power also demonstrated a main effect, with 1 minute being greater than all other conditions (C1: 75.22 6 10.83 W$kg 21 ). Jump height and relative ground reaction force demonstrated no differences between conditions. These results indicate overspeed jumping acutely enhances explosive BW jumping velocity and power. This acute performance enhancement is probably a result of increased motor neuron excitability and motor unit synchronization.
Muscles, ligaments and tendons journal, 2021
Background. Post-activation potentiation (PAP) is a technique that aims to optimize yield by performing stimuli minutes before the main activity. However, the effect of plyometric exercise (PE) for long jumpers PAP and the effective recovery interval is not understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of PE at different rest intervals as a strategy for long jumpers PAP. Methods. The sample consisted of 11 young athletes (16.2 ± 1.3 years; 57.8 ± 7.9 kg and 166 ± 12 cm), who performed horizontal jump under different resting times after PAP: 1) PE + 1 minute break (P1min); PE + 3 minutes apart (P3min); control condition (C) performed only the jump. The following variables were evaluated: Squat Jump (SJ), Counter Movement Jump (CMJ), Approach velocity in the last 15 meters (Vel_15m), Contact Time at the Push Board (CT), Height and Distance of the jump. Results. The contact time on the impulse board was shorter in the P1min condition (14.63 ± 0.94 s vs 15.27 ± 0.81 s; p = 0.05; Cohen's d = 0.72) and P3min vs control (14.36 ± 0.89 s vs 15.27 ± 0.81 s; p = 0.009; Cohen's d = 1.06); the height of the jump was higher at P1min (180.16 ± 7.08 cm vs 173.44 ± 12.70 cm; p = 0.043; Cohen's d = 0.06) and P3min vs control (182.30 ± 10.68 cm vs 173.44 ± 12.70 cm; p = 0.005; Cohen's d = 0.07). The variables approach velocity, CMJ, SJ and jump distance did not differ. Conclusions. From the current results, PE can be an effective strategy to reduce the contact time on the jump board and increase height of the jump in young competing in long jump.
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2011
sá ez Sá ez de villarreal, E, Izquierdo, M, and Gonzalez-Badillo, JJ. Enhancing jump performance after combined vs. maximal power, heavy-resistance, and plyometric training alone. J Strength Cond Res 25(X): 000-000, 2011-The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 5 different stimuli on jumping ability and power production after 7 weeks of training. Sixty-five (47 men and 18 women) physical education students were randomly assigned to 5 experimental groups that performed: combination of all training methods (A); heavyresistance training using full-squat exercise (i.e., 56-85% of 1 RM for 3-6 repetitions) (B); power-oriented strength training using a parallel-squat exercise (i.e., 100-130% of load that maximizes power output for 2-6 repetitions) (C); poweroriented strength training using a loaded countermovement jumping (i.e., 70-100% of load that maximizes power output for 2-5 repetitions; countermovement jump [CMJ]) (D); and plyometric jumping (E). The CMJ (cm), loaded CMJ (cm), maximum rate of force development (RFD max) during early concentric phase of loaded CMJ (NÁs 21) and power output during early concentric phase of loaded CMJ (watts) were measured before and after 7 weeks of training. Significant improvements in CMJ (from 7.8 to 13.2%) were observed in all groups. Significantly greater increases in power output during loaded jumps were observed in A (10-13%) and D (8-12%) groups compared with in the other groups. Significant increases in RFD max were observed in A (20-30%), C (18-26%), and D (20-26%) groups. The results of this study provide evidence to suggest that if training program is designed and implemented correctly, both traditional slow velocity training and faster poweroriented strength training alone, or in combination with plyometric training, would provide a positive training stimulus to enhance jumping performance.
Biology of Sport
This study examined the postactivation potentiation effects of combining squat and deadlift exercises on subsequent repeated jump performance. Fifteen, resistance-trained youth wrestlers were randomly allocated to either undertake back squats (BSq), deadlift (DL) or BSq and DL as supersets (BSq+DL), with a repeated jump protocol performed 8-minutes post-exercise in each session. Thereafter, a control condition (CON) was completed involving a general warm-up, followed by the repeated jump protocols. Power outputs, flight time, contact time and reactive strength index were recorded from each repeated jump protocol. Measures were compared between the BSq, DL and BSq+DL sessions and between sessions that generated the best power output (BEST) with CON via inferential statistics and effect size (ES) calculations. The BSq condition exhibited significantly greater power output compared to the CON condition (p<0.05, ES = 1.07), although no differences were identified for the other conditioning activities. Furthermore, power output, flight time and reactive strength index were significantly greater for the BEST compared to the CON condition (p<0.05, ES = 0.97-1.47). Results indicated that BSq was the optimal conditioning activity to increase power output during a repeated jump protocol. However, greater improvement during the BEST condition suggests that the type of conditioning activity should also be considered on an individual-basis.
Influence of the Intensity of Squat Exercises on the Subsequent Jump Performance
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2014
Jump performance can be enhanced after performing squat exercises, and this is thought to be because of the phenomenon of postactivation potentiation (PAP). However, the influence of the intensity of squat exercises on jump performance enhancement and its association to PAP have not been elucidated. Thus, we examined the influence of the intensity of squat exercises on the subsequent jump performance and the magnitude of PAP. Eight weightlifters (age, 19.8 6 1.3 years; height, 1.67 6 0.07 m; body mass, 77.1 6 14.8 kg) were recruited as subjects. The intensity of squat exercises was set in 2 conditions: heavy condition (HC) (45% 1 repetition maximum [1RM] 3 5 repetitions [reps], 60% 1RM 3 5 reps, 75% 1RM 3 3 reps, and 90% 1RM 3 3 reps) and moderate condition (MC) (45% 1RM 3 5 reps, 60% 1RM 3 5 reps, and 75% 1RM 3 3 reps). Before and after the squat exercises, the subjects performed countermovement jumps 3 times. In addition, a twitch contraction was concurrently elicited before and after the squat exercises. In both conditions, twitch torque and jump height recorded after the squat exercises increased significantly compared with those recorded beforehand. The extents of increase in both twitch torque and jump height were significantly larger in HC than in MC. We conclude therefore that a high-intensity squat exercise is better than a moderate-intensity squat exercise as a warm-up modality for enhancing subsequent jump performance.
2020
Post-activation potentiation enhancement (PAPE) refers to increased force generation following a muscular conditioning pre-activity that acutely enhances subsequent strength and power performance. Athlete apprehension to use heavy weights (i.e. >80%1RM) immediately before a competition or inability to use weights before the performance (e.g. due to regulations) prevent materialising the benefits of PAPE. Therefore, this study examined whether PAPE can be induced with bodyweight squats. Sixteen healthy, team sports players (male: 10, female: 6, mean ± SD: age 22.2 ± 3.0 years, height 1.67 ± 0.08 m, body mass 70.2 ± 8.2 kg) performed three sets of ten repetitions of bodyweight squats with 30 seconds recovery between each set. A countermovement jump was performed 5 minutes before, 2 and 4 minutes after the squat sets and jump height was calculated. The results showed existence of PAPE with the jump height increasing at both 2 (30.8 ± 5.6 cm, p = 0.045, g = 0.21) and 4 (30.8 ± 6.1 cm, p = 0.037, g = 0.20) minutes, compared to baseline (29.5 ± 6.4 cm). This is the first study to use bodyweight squats rather than loaded squats. Our findings indicate that three sets of ten repetitions of squats using bodyweight only can be a sufficient stimulus to induce PAPE.
The Effect of 8 Weeks of Complex Training Methods on the Countermovement Jump Performance
Studia sportiva, 2020
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to find out whether a more specific stimulus, such as training which stimulates the production of power above 90% of Pmax (Pmax = maximal average concentric power output), is effective in enhancing the countermovement jump (CMJ) performance using the method of complex pairs or separate execution of the exercises in the complex pair (separate complex pair).METHODSThirty male students of the Faculty of Sports Studies were divided into 2 experimental (EX1, EX2) and 1 control group (CNTR). The experimental groups trained for 8 weeks using the complex training (CT) method twice a week with the same amount of repetitions for each exercise. The complex pair consisted of half-squat jumps with the intensity over 90% of Pmax and plyometric depth-jumps. EX1 trained using the complex pair method with the intracomplex rest interval of up to 15 seconds. EX2 trained all sets of the half-squat jumps first and then all sets of the plyometric exercise. We used no...
The effect of plyometric training volume on jumping performance
This study compared high and low daily volume periodized plyometric training programs and their effect on countermovement jump (CMJ) performance over a 2 week testing time course after training. Thirty-five male subjects participated. Subjects CMJ was tested on a force platform prior to and at 2, 6, 10 and 14 days post training. Peak vertical ground reaction force (GRF), reactive strength index-modified (RSI mod), jump height (JH), and body mass were assessed. No differences were found between the high and low volume training groups. Subjects GRF, RSI mod, and JH performance was improved in a range of 6 to 14 days post-training. Low and high volume periodized plyometric training programs produced equal results. Six to 14 days of recovery post training was required to accrue the training benefit.
Journal of Sports Sciences, 2013
The purpose of this meta-analytic review was to examine the extent and quality of research on the post-activation potentiation acute effect of rest interval manipulation on jumping performance. This manuscript adopted the recommendations from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement. Criteria eligibility included crossover, randomised, non-randomised and counterbalanced studies that observed the voluntary muscle action-induced postactivation potentiation on jumping performance. Fourteen studies selected by two independent raters were included in the analysis. The rest intervals involved ranges including 0-3, 4-7, 8-12 and !16 min. The results demonstrated medium effect sizes for rest intervals 0-3 and 8-12 min (-0.25, Confidence Interval (CI): -0.51 to 0.01 for 0-3 min; 0.24, CI: -0.02 to 0.49 for 8-12 min) and a small effect for other ranges (0.15, CI: -0.08 to 0.38 for 4-7 min; 0.07, CI: -0.21 to 0.24 for !16 min). There was no evidence of heterogeneity for sub-groups (I 2 ¼ 0%; P 5 0.001) and no indication of publication bias (Egger's test, P ¼ 0.179). While a rest interval of 0-3 min induced a detrimental effect on jump performance, the range including 8-12 min had a beneficial impact on jump height. Findings suggest that the rest interval manipulation seems to affect postactivation potentiation magnitude and jump height.