Dr Joseph Shapira MIMO dimensions through penetration to buildings MIMO dimensions through penetration to buildings (original) (raw)
Related papers
Wave Propagation into Buildings
Journal of Applied and Emerging Sciences, 2012
This paper investigates radio wave propagation into buildings illuminated from an out- door base station with an antenna above the rooftop. Field strength measurements are taken in four buildings in urban microcells. Results of our experiments as well as those of several other authors are analyzed and the important factors influencing building penetration loss have been discussed namely angle of incidence, external wall configuration, receiver height and significance of non-line-of-sight surface of the building.
Characterisation of Signal Penetration into Buildings for GSM and UMTS
2006 3rd International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems, 2006
A study of the extra signal attenuation due to building penetration associated to path loss from the Base Stations to Mobile Terminals, for different types of buildings and rooms, is presented for GSM (900 and 1800 MHz) and UMTS. In this study, a statistical model for the attenuation penetration is developed, following the Log-Normal Distribution, applied to a building classification, and supported on measurements, useful for radio network planning purposes. The variation of the attenuation per floor, room and building type is studied. An average attenuation of 5.7 dB for GSM900 is observed, with a standard deviation of 11.1 dB.
Propagation models at 5.8 GHz-path loss and building penetration
RAWCON 2000. 2000 IEEE Radio and Wireless Conference (Cat. No.00EX404)
This paper presents a propagation study at 5.725 GHz-5.825 GHz, within the U.S. Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) band. Propagation path loss is measured at 5.8 GHz in a residential area near Boulder, CO. Experimental sets of data are collected for a 100 MHz broadband channel, used to establish a high-speed (T1) data link. A plurality of propagation models are referenced, reviewed and commented upon. Data sets are separated into line of sight (LOS) and non line of sight (NLOS) subsets, and in each case a suitable model is found to match our measured data. We show in particular that, under certain conditions, and with a LOS/NLOS distinction, the use of widely known models may be extended to a broadband channel at 5.8 GHz. These results are noteworthy since these propagation models were designed for cellular and PCS use at lower frequency and narrow-band channels. Subsequently we study indoor propagation: penetration losses into residences are measured, average and standard deviation values are derived for in-building penetration. These values are analyzed in conjunction with the previous modeling, and lead to guidelines for indoor coverage. I.
ANALYSIS OF A DEVELOPED BUILDING PENETRATION PATH LOSS MODEL FOR GSM WIRELESS ACCESS
In this paper a building penetration path loss model was developed. The model involved the combination of three mechanisms of signal propagation; refraction, reflection and diffraction. The penetration through the building walls was modelled as refraction using Fresnel Refraction Coefficient and the propagation through the roof was modelled as diffraction using the principle of knife-edge diffraction. The total losses from the transmitter to the receiver was modelled as a combination of three different effects; losses due to free-space propagation from transmitter to building; the penetration loss as a combination of the wall penetration loss and the diffraction loss. To confirm the viability of this model, measurements were conducted in four different locations in Rivers State, Nigeria on buildings made with different material using MTN, Etisalat, Airtel and Globacom networks. The model simulation result showed that a total loss in GSM transmission as 124.07dB of which penetration loss as 37.95dB which accounted for 30.59%, the freespace loss as 86.12dB which accounts for 69.41% of the total losses. The results corresponded with the measurement results. Secondly, the developed building penetration path loss model was also compared with some existing path loss models namely, Log distance path loss, Okumura, HATA and COST-231 models and the results showed that the models compared accurately with the Okumura model and other existing path loss models. Hence, it can be stated that the developed building penetration path loss model can be used to accurately predict signal attenuation in buildings located in an urban environment.
Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, 2018
The main target of this article is to study the provision of indoor service (coverage) using outdoor base station at higher frequencies i.e. 10 GHz, 30 GHz and 60 GHz. In an outdoor to indoor propagation, an angular wall loss model is used in the General Building Penetration (GBP) model for estimating the additional loss at the intercept point of the building exterior wall. A novel angular wall loss model based on a separate incidence angle in azimuth and elevation plane is proposed in this paper. In the second part of this study, an Extended Building Penetration (EBP) model is proposed, and the performance of EBP model is compared with the GBP model. In EBP model, the additional fifth path known as the "Direct path" is proposed to be included in the GBP model. Based on the evaluation results, the impact of the direct path is found significant for the indoor users having the same or closed by height as that of the height of the transmitter. For the indoor users located far away from the exterior wall of building, a modified and enhanced approach of ray tracing type is proposed in this article. In the light of acquired simulation results, the impact of a modified ray tracing approach is emphasized.
Modeling the effects of nearby buildings on inter-floor radio-wave propagation
… and Propagation, IEEE …, 2009
Two buildings (A and B) have been modeled and analyzed with a 2D TE implementation of the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm in order to identify and characterize the mechanisms allowing signals to propagate between floors, specifically reflection and scattering from nearby buildings. Results have been extended to 2.5D by assuming isotropic spreading in the third dimension. In both scenarios considered, reflections from surrounding buildings are found to increase the average received power on adjacent floors-up to 9.7 dB and 32 dB for Buildings A and B respectively. Measurements of the impulse response in Building A, made with a sliding correlator channel sounder, show a number of long-delay pulses, which can be attributed to specific reflection paths. Based on these findings, a simple two-component propagation model to predict the sector-average signal strengths is proposed and validated against measurements of the received power. The direct component is modeled as free space with a 22 dB/floor attenuation factor, and the reflected component is modeled as free space with reflection/transmission coefficients of 0.5. The RMS prediction error for this model is 3.2 dB.
An Investigation on the Effects of Wall Parameters on the Indoor Wireless Propagations
2007 5th Student Conference on Research and Development, 2007
The type of the construction materials of the interior walls of the indoor environments plays a great role in the propagation of the transmitted signals inside the buildings. A comparison of calculated and simulated Fresnel reflection and transmitted coefficients at 2.4 GHz and 900 MHz for a variety of typical exterior building surfaces has been achieved. The effect of the different types of wall on the path loss prediction had been conducted by using a ray tracing program with real time reflection and refraction phenomena.
A Study on mm-Wave Propagation in and Around Buildings
IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation
mm-waves are envisaged as a key enabler for 5G and 6G wireless communications, thanks to the wide bandwidth and to the possibility of implementing large-scale antenna arrays and advanced transmission techniques, such as massive MIMO and beamforming, that can take advantage of the multidimensional properties of the wireless channel. In order to analyze in depth the peculiar characteristics of mm-wave propagation, joint measurement and simulation campaigns in indoor and outdoor microcellular environments have been carried out. The investigation highlights that the assumption that mm-wave NLoS connectivity is hardly feasible is not necessarily true as significant reflections, scattering and even transmission mechanisms can provide good NLoS coverage in the considered indoor and outdoor scenarios. This is also reflected in the limited angle-spread differences between LoS and NLoS locations in some cases. Finally, the contribution of different propagation mechanisms (reflection, diffraction, scattering and combination of them) to the received signal is analyzed in the paper with the help of ray tracing simulations. These outcomes can be helpful to predict the performance of mm-wave wireless systems and for the development of deterministic and geometric-stochastic mm-wave channel models. INDEX TERMS Channel modeling, mm-waves, propagation mechanisms, ray-tracing.
Comparison Of Empirical Path Loss Propagation Models With Building Penetration Path Loss Model
International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation, 2016
Path loss Propagation models plays a fundamental role in planning and designing of mobile radio communication link. In this paper a building penetration path loss model was developed using AUTOCAD. The model involved the combination of three mechanisms of signal propagation; refraction, reflection and diffraction. The signal penetration through building wall was modelled as refraction using Fresnel Refraction Coefficient and the signal propagation through the roof was modelled as diffraction using the principle of knife-edge diffraction. The developed building penetration path loss model was compared with some empirical path loss models namely, Log distance path loss, Okumura, HATA and COST-231 models and the results showed that the models compared accurately with the existing path loss models. Hence, it can be stated that the developed building penetration path loss model can be used to accurately predict signal attenuation in buildings located in an urban environment.