Global Water resources (original) (raw)

WATER IN THE WORLD AND ITS HUGE PROBLEMS

The world population currently uses 50% of the planet's fresh water. In 40 years it will use 80%. The geographical distribution of fresh water is uneven. Currently 1/3 of the world's population lives in regions where it is scarce. The use of water improper for consumption is responsible for 60% of the planet's patients. Half of the world's rivers are contaminated by sewage, agrochemicals and industrial waste. UN report on water use confirms that, without measures against waste and in favor of sustainable consumption, access to safe drinking water and sanitation will be further reduced.

World Water Resources and Problems in Terms of Ecology

Dialogue of Civilizations in the Conditions of Global Ecological Crisis, Belarus State University, May 24, 24 May 2012, Republic of Belarus Minsk, Рэспубліка Беларусь Минск 24 мая, 24 Mayıs 2012, 2012

Water is an indispensable element of living things. On our planet, only 2.5% of all water is fresh water. Most of these freshwater resources are held by glaciers. On the other hand, the increasing world population and its water demands continue with great momentum. In this study, the main lines of the world's water resources, and their characteristics will be discussed. In addition, world water problems, water scarcity and pressure will be evaluated. Water is an indispensable element of living things. On our planet, only 2.5% of all water is fresh water. Most of these freshwater resources are held by glaciers. On the other hand, the increasing world population and its water demands continue with great momentum. In this study, the main lines of the world's water resources, and their characteristics will be discussed. In addition, world water problems, water scarcity and pressure will be evaluated. INTRODUCTION: After air, another indispensable part of life is water. Water is an element of the Hydrosphere from Earth Systems. The importance of water is not limited to this. A series of activities from energy production to transportation depend on water. Other fauna and flora besides humans are also tightly dependent on water. The totality of water resources such as all oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, groundwater and springs is called the Water Sphere or Hydrosphere. Thus, all water on Earth enters the hydrosphere. The surface area of the Hydrosphere on Earth is: 361,000,000 square kilometers. In this respect, the Hydrosphere covers 71% of the Earth. 350,170,000 of this is salt water. In other words, 97% of the Hydrosphere consists of seas and oceans. The Hydrosphere is the source of life for living things. The thickness of the hydrosphere varies between +3810 m (Lake Titicaca) and-11033 m

water conservation a global concern

Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology, 2013

Water is a basic necessity for life on the globe. It is used for many purposes in one way or other such as for drinking, irrigation, recreation, and generation of electricity, industrial and commercial purposes etc. Its careless use has resulted in the depletion of its good quality and also quantity. The total volume of water on Earth is about 1.4 billion km3. The volume of freshwater resources is around 35 million km3. Out of these fresh water resources, about 24 million km3 is in the form of ice and permanent snow cover in mountainous regions. Around 30% of the world’s freshwater are stored underground in the form of groundwater. This constitutes about 97% of all the freshwater that is potentially available for human use. Freshwater lakes and rivers contain an estimated 0.3% of the world’s fresh water. The Earth’s atmosphere contains approximately 13,000 km3 of water. The total freshwater supply for ecosystem and humans is about 200,000 km3 of water which is less than 1% of all freshwater resources. Among various continents, Asia has the worse position with 36% of the available fresh water reserves, with over 60% of the world population where water is a scarce commodity. As the population is increasing at an exponential rate and fresh water reserves are depleting so this resource need to be conserved for our future generations. This paper presents various ways and means of water conservation adopted in various countries so far with a focus on India.

Water Conservation

Water is the most important natural resource that living things need. But at the same time, it has also been misused and wasted. To better grasp the full significance of water conservation, take a look at the few yet key facts about water: •Water is the basic demand for every food. It grows our fruits and vegetable, and each livestock consumes it. •A plant's life is dependent on water. Plants help the ecosystem and produce the oxygen necessary to keep us healthy. Trees are generally used for housing, paper, and much more. •Ninety-seven percent (97%) of all water on Earth is saltwater-which is not suitable for drinking. •Only three percent (3%) of water on Earth is freshwater. Only 0.5% is available is suitable for drinking. •The other 2.5% of freshwater is found in glaciers, ice caps, the atmosphere, soil, or under the Earth's surface or is too polluted for consumption.

The State of Water Resources and the Need for a Comprehensive Perspective

The Economics of Water Resources

The role of water across sectors and societies and the evolution of its services over time have been reflected in many aspects of human life. Water, as a resource, has been studied by many disciplines. They all agree that water is unevenly distributed over time and in space, giving rise to large gaps between water needs and water availability in certain times and certain locations and stressing the need for proper demand-and-supply management. It is the reduction of the spatial and temporal gaps between supply and demand that water economics plays a crucial role in. This chapter describes the interaction between water resources and society over time in various parts of the world, the effects of climate change on the available water supplies, the technological means available to cope with water scarcity and deteriorated quality, the institutional and legal means experienced by various countries, and the types of decisions needed to implement and manage such means. . Background Water is a natural resource with flow and stock dimensions and with several origins.  Most water is natural, resulting from precipitation (rain and snow) that flows in rivers, and is stored in lakes and groundwater aquifers. Some aquifers are replenishable (from precipitation) and some are fossil, being stored a long time ago (thousands of years) in deep aquifers  We would like to acknowledge the research assistance of Vincent Ta, allowing us to present the various trends, both inter-temporal and cross-sectional, of the various variables presented in this chapter. We benefited from access to data and maps that were produced upon our request by Dr.

Water is a Unique Natural Resource

Water is a unique and irreplaceable natural resource of limited quantities and uneven spatial and temporal distribution. From the fact that all forms of life and all human activities are more or less connected to water, the importance of the relationship to water and the meaning of the documents regulating this relationship clearly emerge. Economic development and urbanization lead, on the one hand, to a large increase in the need for water, and on the other, to endangering water resources and the water environment. Water can thus become a limiting factor in development and a threat to human health and the sustainability of natural ecosystems.