Prevalence of bovine campylobacteriosis in indigenous cattle of three states in Nigeria (original) (raw)
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Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2012
The prevalence of bovine venereal campylobacteriosis (BVC) was investigated in the Lake Chad basin of Nigeria. Preputial washings and cervico-vaginal mucus samples were obtained from 270 cattle presenting a history of abortion and lowered fertility, kept in traditional and institutional farms. All the samples investigated were cultured using standard bacteriological technique. Campylobacter fetus was isolated from six bulls and four cows. In all cattle sampled, the isolation rates were 2.2% for C. fetus subsp. venerealis and 1.5% for C. fetus subsp. fetus; the herd and within-herd prevalence rates for C. fetus were 22.2% and 3.4%, respectively, while the overall active infectivity rate was 3.7%. BVC probably contributes to lowered fertility and abortions found in cattle in the Lake Chad basin of Nigeria, associated more with C. fetus subsp. venerealis than C. fetus subsp. fetus.
Prevalence of Campylobacter Species on Cattle Breeding Farms in Zimbabwe
Veterinary Medicine International
Infertility remains a challenge in breeding herds in most developing countries. In the current study, 104 penile sheath washes were collected from bulls of different breeds and ages from different cattle breeding farms in Zimbabwe. The samples were submitted to the Central Veterinary Laboratory, Zimbabwe, for screening of Campylobacter species using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Based on the PCR results, the animal-level prevalence was 25.96% (range 0–73.98%) and all the positive samples came from four (57.14%) of the 7 herds tested. The current study shows that Campylobacter spp. could be a causative agent in infertility observed in a number of herds in Zimbabwe. Strategies for treatment and control of campylobacteriosis should be enhanced in the country. More research and surveillance are needed to determine the epidemiology of Campylobacter species in Zimbabwean cattle herds.
Diagnosis and management of venereal campylobacteriosis in beef cattle
BMC veterinary research, 2014
BackgroundBovine venereal campylobacteriosis is caused by Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis and its glycerine-tolerant variant Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis biovars intermedius. The disease can be economically important when present in cattle herds, causing poor reproductive performance, embryo mortality and abortion. Sensitive and specific diagnostic tests are required in the diagnosis of infection and to inform and monitor disease control. Current tests include bacterial culture and fluorescent antibody testing of preputial sheath washings and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and an agglutination test on vaginal mucus, although the predictive values of these tests can be inadequate in field investigations.Artificial insemination is often considered as a simple control method for bovine venereal campylobacteriosis, but is impractical for many beef suckler herds where breeding takes place at pasture. Commercial vaccines are unavailable in the UK, while the efficacy o...
Isolation and prevalence of Campylobacter species in cattle from Sokoto State, Nigeria
The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in cattle in Sokoto State, Nigeria, was determined. The number of samples collected totalled 976, of which 126 (12.9%) yielded Campylobacter spp. The species of Campylobacter isolates from this study were as follows: C. jejuni (65.1%), C. coli (23.0%), C. lari (7.9%), C. hyointestinalis (3.2%) and C. fetus (0.8%). A total of 172 strains of Campylobacter spp. were identified from the positive samples due to identification of more than a single strain (spp.) from a single sample. The strains identified were C. jejuni (62.8%), C. coli (25.0%), C. lari (8.1%), C. hyointestinalis (2.9%) and C. fetus (1.2%). More than one species of Campylobacter was identified in 36.5% of the positive samples. The biotyping in this study revealed C. jejuni biotype I (34.3%) as the most common C. jejuni biotype, while C. jejuni biotype IV (15.7%) was the C. jejuni biotype that was least frequently isolated. However, the most frequently isolated C. coli biotype was biotype I (72.1%) and all the isolates of C. lari were biotype I.
The presence of bovine venereal campylobacteriosis in the Lake Chad Basin of Nigeria was investigated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of IgA antibodies specific to Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis in vaginal mucus (n = 66). IgA antibodies specific to C. fetus subsp. venerealis were detected in 7 (11%) vaginal mucus samples. All but one of the IgA-positive samples originated from cows belonging to herds with a history of abortion and infertility which suggested an association between antibody detection and poor herd fertility. It was concluded that bovine venereal campylobacteriosis is prevalent in the Lake Chad Basin of Nigeria and its contribution to reduced reproductive performance in cattle herds may be grossly underestimated in this part of the world.
Introduction: Low sanitary conditions characterize the rural and urban households in Sub-Saharan African region. Those environmental conditions propitiate the transmission of bacterial infections between animals and humans. Campylobacter spp. is a zoonotic bacterium and cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide, whose main symptom is diarrhea. It is normally found in the digestive tract of many farm animals as a commensal but some species cause diseases in animals. It is important to understand the occurrence of these bacteria in animals, as they may also play a role in transmission to humans. The main objective of this review was to describe the prevalence of Campylobacter in animals in Sub-Saharan Africa. We also report findings on antibiotic resistance. Methods: We followed PRISMA guidelines to find studies about occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in animals in all countries from Sub-Saharan Africa. PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, African Index Medicus, African Journals Online, Google Scholar and Science Direct were searched for studies published between 2000 and 2019. Results: We found 70 studies that described occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in animals in 18 out of 53 countries of Sub-Saharan Africa. Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli were the predominant species isolated. The majority of studies were found in Western Africa. Middle Africa had the lowest amount of data. Most records presented data from Nigeria (n ¼ 25), South Africa (n ¼ 14) and Tanzania (n ¼ 11). Cattle and chickens appear to be important hosts and may be playing an important role in transmitting to humans. Most Campylobacter isolates were resistant to erythromycin (44%), ampicillin (39%), tetracycline (33%), nalidixic acid (31%) and ciprofloxacin (30%). Conclusion: Several studies about Campylobacter spp. in animals have been published in the last 19 years but information on the epidemiology of campylobacteriosis is scarce in most Sub-Saharan African countries. Antibiotic resistance is an increasing concern in many countries. Measures should be taken to prevent infection by this pathogen in the region and to control antibiotic resistance.
Campylobacteriosis in Sub-Saharan Africa
Infectious diseases, 2023
Research and clinical works have documented various species of campylobacter in Africa. Thermophilic campylobacter has been shown to be endemic in the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region, and the prevalence is suspected to be increasing. To define the geographic boundaries of SSA, the United Nations macrogeographic definition of Africa has been used in several studies https://unstats.un.org/unsd/ methodology/m49/. According to this UN definition, sub-Saharan Africa is divided into East Africa, Central Africa, Southern Africa, and West Africa. The zoonotic potential of campylobacter has been extensively studied and documented in the SSA region. Children are the most affected by campylobacter infections, and the infections exhibit seasonal patterns. Research has shown varied sources of infection such as foods of animal and plant origins, as well as unpasteurized milk and water, but animal meat is the most common source of infection. This chapter will delve into finding more recent information on campylobacter in the region such as the species, their prevalence, virulence, and risk factors. It will also explore the options in management such as vaccines and recommended diagnosis therapeutic protocols in humans and animals.
Aim: The study was conducted to determine the prevalence and viability of Campylobacter species isolates from different species of poultry and humans in Sokoto State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in the live birds markets, humans on admission and at outpatient clinics in the randomly selected hospitals in Sokoto State. Isolation and characterization of Campylobacter species were performed using standard culture isolation techniques and biochemical characterization. A total of 798 (506 cloacal and 292 fecal) swabs from poultry and humans, respectively, were collected and analyzed. The viability of 307 isolates stored in 15% glycerol and 85% tryptone broth at −20°C was determined after 7-13 months. Results: A total of 312 (39%) were positive for Campylobacter species which comprises 119 (30%), 20 (30%), 3 (14%), 9 (56%), 1 (50%), and 160 (55%) in chicken, guinea fowls, pigeons, ducks, turkey, and humans, respectively. The total of 38 (24%), 63 (39%), and 59 (37%) humans and 29 (19%), 79 (52%), and 44 (29%) poultry isolates were positive for Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter Coli, and Campylobacter Lari, respectively. A total of 261 (85%) of the stored isolates were still viable on re-isolation with the viability rates of 41 (95%), 67 (85%), and 17 (59%) at 7, 9, and 13 months of storage, respectively. There was a negative correlation between months of storage and viability rates. However, there was no significant statistical association (p>0.05) between prevalence rate and species of poultry. Conclusion: Campylobacter species have been detected with varying degree of prevalence in both poultry and humans and their ability to survive freezing at −20°C (95%) for up to 7 months has been revealed in the study. This is not only a concern to food and livestock industries but also a concern to the public health at large, especially, in view of the study area being considered one of the largest livestock producers in Nigeria. Campylobacteriosis is known to be associated with the cost of gastroenteritis management, antimicrobial resistance, food contamination, and complications such as a paralytic condition called Guillain-Barre syndrome.
Prevalence of Campylobacter species in ground water in Sokoto, Sokoto state, Nigeria
Veterinary World, 2013
Materials and Methods Campylobacteriosis are often associated with Study Area: Sokoto is the capital of Sokoto State, consumption of unpasteurized milk [4,13] or untreated Nigeria. The State is located to the extreme Northwest water [4,13-15]. Campylobacteriosis is characterized o o of Nigeria between longitudes 4 8'E and 6 54'E and by diarrhea, abdominal pain, malaise, fever, nausea and o o between latitudes 12 N and 13 58'N [19]. Sokoto vomiting [4,6,16]. Well water is one of the major metropolis comprises of four local Government area sources of drinking water in Sokoto metropolis. it's (LGA) namely; Sokoto south, Sokoto north, Wamakko usage by humans and animals is due to insufficient and Dange Shuni local government areas. supply of pipe-borne water and poor management of water in the metropolis [17]. Campylobacter may be Collection of sample: A total of 74 water samples were found in water sources such as wells that have been collected from 15 wells in Sokoto metropolis (the wells contaminated with feces from infected humans or that were samples were both government owned wells animals. Most Human or animal waste can enter the and private wells), over a period of four months from water through different routes including sewage May to August 2011. The water samples were collected systems that are not working properly, polluted storm in the morning (between 10.00am and 11.30am) and water runoff and agricultural runoff [7]. The rate of 1ml of the water sample was added to sterile bijour Campylobacter infections worldwide has been bottles containing 9mls of Amies transport media increasing with the number of cases often exceeding (Oxiod, CM0425) and were transported to the those of Salmonellosis and Shigellosis [5,18]. laboratory immediately in ice-packed container for analysis. Isolation and identification of Campylobacter: The water samples contained in the pre-enrichment media www.veterinaryworld.org 285
Study of Campylobacter in Raw Cow Milk in Sokoto State, Nigeria
The study was conducted to establish the presence of Campylobacter species, determine its prevalence and assess some of the epidemiological variables such as breed and season in the distribution of Campylobacter species in raw cow milk in the state. During October, 2007 and September, 2008, a total of 146 raw milk samples were collected from lactating cows in selected dairy herds in the state. The samples were processed for Campylobacter isolations by inoculating in Preston Enrichment broth and incubated for 48h at 37ºC, and subsequently spread-plated on mCCDA incubated at 42ºC for 48 h microaerobically. The colonies were subjected to oxidase reaction, hippurate hydrolysis and sensitivity to nalidixic acid and cephalothin for identification. The identified isolates were biotyped using the new extended scheme of Lior. Only 7(4.8%) of the samples were positive and all the positive isolates were identified as C. jejuni and C. jejuni biotype I. The white Fulani breed of cattle had the highest contamination rate of 2(5.4%) and there was no association between the breed and Campylobacter contamination of milk (P 2 = 0.6997, p>0.005). More contamination rate of 3(6.1%) was observed during the dry hot season than other seasons, there was no association between Campylobacter contamination of milk and the seasons (P 2 = 0.3776, p>0.005). The isolation of C. jejuni from milk in this study is of serious public health concern as C. jejuni is the most common Campylobacter species implicated in human Campylobacteriosis worldwide.