memory effects on color (original) (raw)
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The influence of colour on memory performance: a review
The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS, 2013
Human cognition involves many mental processes that are highly interrelated, such as perception, attention, memory, and thinking. An important and core cognitive process is memory, which is commonly associated with the storing and remembering of environmental information. An interesting issue in memory research is on ways to enhance memory performance, and thus, remembering of information. Can colour result in improved memory abilities? The present paper highlights the relationship between colours, attention, and memory performance. The significance of colour in different settings is presented first, followed by a description on the nature of human memory. The role of attention and emotional arousal on memory performance is discussed next. The review of several studies on colours and memory are meant to explain some empirical works done in the area and related issues that arise from such studies.
Emotional reactions to color hue, saturation, and brightness (Munsell color system and color chips) were investigated using the Pleasure-Aiousal-Dominance emotion model. Saturation (S) and brightness (B) evidenced strong and consistent effects on emotions. Regression equations for standardized variables were: Pleasure = .69B + .228, Arousal = -.31B + .60S, Dominance = -.76B + .328. Brightness effects were nearly the same for chromatic and achromatic colors. Blue, blue-green, green, red-purple, purple, and purple-blue were the most pleasant hues, whereas yellow and green-yellow were the least pleasant. Green-yellow, blue-green, and green were the most arousing, whereas purple-blue and yellow-red were the least arousing. Green-yellow induced greater dominance than red-purple.
Color, arousal, and performance-A comparison of three experiments
Color Research & Application, 2009
Three studies of the psychological and physiological effects on people of colored room interiors are described. Experiment 1 compared a colorful and a gray room, whereas in experiments 2 and 3 red and blue rooms were compared. The results indicate that the color of an interior space will have effects on many different levels. The perception of the room itself was affected, and the colors also had an impact on the emotions and physiology of those who stayed in the rooms. Strong, especially red, colors and patterns put the brain into a more excited state, sometimes to such an extent as to cause a paradoxical slowing of the heart rate. Introvert persons, as well as those already in a negative mood, became more affected than others, which caused severe changes in their performance. The series of experiments described here were among the first to be carried out in full-scale rooms painted or otherwise decorated in various colors. One practical implication is that a moderate use of good color design will serve to improve the overall mood and well-being of people. In future research more emphasis should be placed on color, as just one component in the highly complex real-life situations.
Does Red Background Color Enhance Short-term Memory or Blue?
International Journal of Motor Control and Learning
Background Color Cold Color Warm Color Short Term Memory Cognitive Performance Objective: Having in mind the fact that sports performance is done in environments with different colors, environment color, as one of the environmental constraints, can affect attention, acquisition, learning and also memory. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of cold, warm, neutral and favorite colors on short-term memory. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 24 male and female students of the Faculty of Physical Education, University of Tehran, with an age range of 22 ± 1.64 participated. Tachistoscope of RT-887 model, produced by Sina Institute of Behavioral Sciences, was used to measure sensory and short-term memory. Results: The result of analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that cold background color resulted in better short-term memory recall than other colors (P≥0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, color, probably, can be considered as one of an environmental factor leading to short term memory improvement. Therefore, it is suggested that cold colors are used in cognitive learning for emphasizing on short term memory.
(PDF) EFFECT OF COLOUR ON MEMORY; DOES COLOUR BACKGROUND AFFECT THE RATE OF RETENTION?
Color plays an important role in memory performance, especially as it attracts attention and thus enhances the cognitive processing of information which can facilitate the learning process. The experiment investigated whether there was an improvement in the rate of retention and subsequently recall based on the background color of the sheets used to memorize items. The participants were presented with two lists of words, one with a non-white colored background and the other with a white-colored background; they memorized, and were asked to recall the words on each color background afterward. The result showed that the participants recall the words that were presented with the background colors blue, green and yellow better than the ones on the white colored background but recall fewer words on the pink background sheet compared to its white background counterpart. These findings revealed that not just any non-white colored background improves learning, but a rightfully selected background color can unconsciously to the learner; improve his/her rate of retention.
A Colorful Impact: The Psychological Impact of Colors
2020
This paper offers an analysis of research done by professionals and studies of said professionals recreated by an undergraduate student. The goal of this research was to identify a connection between colors and emotions. Through tests and surveys, there was a connection indication; however, it is still unknown the exact connection.
Color Psychology (the " Colour Affects " system
Color psychology is a matter of debate, to say the least. There are very few (if any) undisputed scientific research presented, yet an increasing number of physicists, psychologists, biologists and neuroscientists are taking the subject increasingly more seriously. How does it work? Many people think that color is just a matter of how things look and it is often dismissed as being purely cosmetic. However, the truth is that color is light – the source of life itself; there is nowhere that color does not exist and our instinctive, unconscious response to it is a vital element in our survival. Color is Nature's own powerful signaling system. Scientifically, it is the first thing we register when we are assessing anything: a very simple and obvious example of that is our reaction to a fly in our home: if it is black, we will probably find it a minor irritation, but if it has yellow stripes our reaction will be different. The same instinct tells us when food is unsafe to eat and throughout the animal kingdom color is widely used to signal sexual availability. In today's sophisticated world it is easy to underestimate the power of primitive instincts, as they are largely unconscious. Today we might be contemplating a packet of corn flakes or a new cold cure, rather than a primitive meal or a curative herb, but exactly the same instincts come powerfully into play. The colors of the interior environment wherein we live or work affects us in just the same way as those in the natural world always did. The colors that people wear still send out clear signals that we can all read accurately. Science has always recognized the link between color and mood/behavior and there is a large body of scientific research into it. However, no one has written a monograph on the subject for over thirty years and one reason for this might be that results are so often inconclusive. It is not normally part of a psychologist's remit to study the finer points of color harmony so colors are defined as, for example, "blue and orange" or "red and green" without much consideration of the subtleties of shade and tone. However, most of us agree that response to color is subjective and assumes that it must therefore be unpredictable. According to the research of psychologist Angela Wright (and others), this is not true. Response is subjective but, when the study of color harmony is combined with the science of psychology, reactions can be predicted with startling accuracy. There is no such thing as a universally attractive color. Red, for example, might be your favorite color but another person might hate it. You see it as exciting, friendly and stimulating, he sees it as aggressive and demanding. Blue might be perceived as calm and soothing – or as cold and unfriendly. It is the combination of colors that triggers the response.
Springer eBooks, 2016
Psychological color effects are the outcome of color sensations as determined by human perception and emotion, including color influences on feelings, thinking, and behavior.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of RESEARCH-GRANTHAALAYAH A knowledge Repository EFFECT OF COLOUR
Colours can stimulate and excite people, increase their appetite, make them feel warm or make them feel tranquil. Red simply makes you excited according to those who study chromo dynamics. Coke's website is red-it gives you a feel of a lazy, hot summer day-just when you feel the need to drink Coke.There's more to colours in web design than just the emotional factor. People tend to gamble more under red light conditions than under blue light. Colours have impact on performance. Red lights make people act quicker and feel more powerful, which is not always beneficial, while blue makes people think more before acting. There is a reason STOP signs are red-you need to act right away and stop the vehicle you drive, otherwise you are in danger. Understand the psychological meanings of your choices for website colours Red is attention-getting Orange is adventurous and affordable Yellow is cheerful and fun Green is balancing and reflects nature Turquoise is clarity of thoug...
The influence of color on emotion
Academia, 2025
Color plays a pivotal role in emotional experiences, influencing mood, perception, and behavior. This article reviews research from 2024 that investigates the relationship between color and emotion across various domains, including psychology, neuroscience, marketing, and design. Key findings include enhanced understanding of how warm and cool colors elicit distinct emotional responses, insights from neuroimaging studies that demonstrate the brain's processing of color stimuli, and applications in therapeutic settings that leverage color to regulate mood. Additionally, research into cultural variations and the influence of color in consumer behavior highlights the diverse ways in which color impacts emotion. The integration of color psychology into fields such as marketing, healthcare, and mental health holds significant promise for improving emotional well-being and decision-making.