Progress In High Temperature Electrolysis For Hydrogen Production Using Planar SOFC Technology AIChE 2005 Spring National Meeting (original) (raw)
Related papers
Progress in high-temperature electrolysis for hydrogen production using planar SOFC technology
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2007
A research program is under way at the Idaho National Laboratory to assess the performance of solid-oxide cells operating in the steam electrolysis mode for hydrogen production over a temperature range of 800 to 900ºC. The research program includes both experimental and modeling activities. Selected results from both activities are presented in this paper. Experimental results were obtained from a ten-cell planar electrolysis stack, fabricated by Ceramatec 1 , Inc. The electrolysis cells are electrolyte-supported, with scandiastabilized zirconia electrolytes (~140 µm thick), nickel-cermet steam/hydrogen electrodes, and manganite air-side electrodes. The metallic interconnect plates are fabricated from ferritic stainless steel. The experiments were performed over a range of steam inlet mole fractions (0.1 -0.6), gas flow rates (1000 -4000 sccm), and current densities (0 to 0.38 A/cm 2 ). Hydrogen production rates up to 90 Normal liters per hour were demonstrated. Stack performance is shown to be dependent on inlet steam flow rate. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was also created to model high-temperature steam electrolysis in a planar solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC). The model represents a single cell as it would exist in the experimental electrolysis stack. Mass, momentum, energy, and species conservation and transport are provided via the core features of the commercial CFD code FLUENT 1 . A solid-oxide fuel cell (SOFC) model adds the electrochemical reactions and loss mechanisms and computation of the electric field throughout the cell. The FLUENT SOFC user-defined subroutine was modified for this work to allow for operation in the SOEC mode. Model results provide detailed profiles of temperature, Nernst potential, operating potential, anode-side gas composition, cathode-side gas composition, current density and hydrogen production over a range of stack operating conditions. Mean model results are shown to compare favorably with the experimental results obtained from the ten-cell stack tested at INL.
CFD Model of a Planar Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell: Base Case and Variations
ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference, Volume 3, 2007
A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model has been created to model hightemperature steam electrolysis in a planar solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC). The model represents a single cell as it would exist in an electrolysis stack. Details of the model geometry are specific to a stack that was fabricated by Ceramatec 2 , Inc. and tested at the Idaho National Laboratory. Mass, momentum, energy, and species conservation and transport are provided via the core features of the commercial CFD code FLUENT 2 . A solid-oxide fuel cell (SOFC) model adds the electrochemical reactions and loss mechanisms and computation of the electric field throughout the cell. The FLUENT SOFC user-defined subroutine was modified for this work to allow for operation in the SOEC mode. Model results provide detailed profiles of temperature, Nernst potential, operating potential, anode-side gas composition, cathode-side gas composition, current density and hydrogen production over a range of stack operating conditions. Mean model results are shown to compare favorably with experimental results obtained from an actual ten-cell stack tested at INL.
Progress in High-Temperature Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production
Nuclear Science, 2006
A research program is under way at the Idaho National Laboratory to assess the performance of solid-oxide cells operating in the steam electrolysis mode for hydrogen production over a temperature range of 800 to 900ºC. The research program includes both experimental and modeling activities. Selected results from both activities are presented in this paper. Experimental results were obtained from a ten-cell planar electrolysis stack, fabricated by Ceramatec 1 , Inc. The electrolysis cells are electrolyte-supported, with scandiastabilized zirconia electrolytes (~140 µm thick), nickel-cermet steam/hydrogen electrodes, and manganite air-side electrodes. The metallic interconnect plates are fabricated from ferritic stainless steel. The experiments were performed over a range of steam inlet mole fractions (0.1 -0.6), gas flow rates (1000 -4000 sccm), and current densities (0 to 0.38 A/cm 2 ). Hydrogen production rates up to 90 Normal liters per hour were demonstrated. Stack performance is shown to be dependent on inlet steam flow rate. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was also created to model high-temperature steam electrolysis in a planar solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC). The model represents a single cell as it would exist in the experimental electrolysis stack. Mass, momentum, energy, and species conservation and transport are provided via the core features of the commercial CFD code FLUENT 1 . A solid-oxide fuel cell (SOFC) model adds the electrochemical reactions and loss mechanisms and computation of the electric field throughout the cell. The FLUENT SOFC user-defined subroutine was modified for this work to allow for operation in the SOEC mode. Model results provide detailed profiles of temperature, Nernst potential, operating potential, anode-side gas composition, cathode-side gas composition, current density and hydrogen production over a range of stack operating conditions. Mean model results are shown to compare favorably with the experimental results obtained from the ten-cell stack tested at INL.
2008
A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) electrochemical model has been created for detailed analysis of a high-temperature electrolysis stack (solid oxide fuel cells operated as electrolyzers). Inlet and outlet plenum flow distributions are discussed. Maldistribution of plena flow show deviations in per-cell operating conditions due to nonuniformity of species concentrations. Models have also been created to simulate experimental conditions and for code validation. Comparisons between model predictions and experimental results are discussed. Mass, momentum, energy, and species conservation and transport are provided via the core features of the commercial CFD code FLUENT. A solid-oxide fuel cell (SOFC) model adds the electrochemical reactions and loss mechanisms and computation of the electric field throughout the cell. The FLUENT SOFC user-defined subroutine was modified for this work to allow for operation in the electrolysis mode. Model results provide detailed pro...
Thermal and Electrochemical Three Dimensional CFD Model of a Planar Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell
Heat Transfer: Volume 4, 2005
A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model has been created to model high-temperature steam electrolysis in a planar solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC). The model represents a single cell, as it would exist in an electrolysis stack. Details of the model geometry are specific to a stack that was fabricated by Ceramatec, Inc. and tested at the Idaho National Laboratory. Mass, momentum, energy, and species conservation and transport are provided via the core features of the commercial CFD code FLUENT. A solid-oxide fuel cell (SOFC) model adds the electrochemical reactions and loss mechanisms and computation of the electric field throughout the cell. The FLUENT SOFC user-defined subroutine was modified for this work to allow for operation in the SOEC mode. Model results provide detailed profiles of temperature, Nernst potential, operating potential, anode-side gas composition, cathode-side gas composition, current density and hydrogen production over a range of stack...
Volume 4: Energy Systems Analysis, Thermodynamics and Sustainability; Combustion Science and Engineering; Nanoengineering for Energy, Parts A and B, 2011
A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and electrochemical model has been created to model high-temperature electrolysis cell performance and steam electrolysis in an internally manifolded planar solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) stack. This design is being evaluated experimentally at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) for hydrogen production from nuclear power and process heat. Mass, momentum, energy, and species conservation are numerically solved by means of the commercial CFD code FLUENT. A solid-oxide fuel cell (SOFC) model adds the electrochemical reactions and loss mechanisms and computation of the electric field throughout the cell. The FLUENT SOFC user-defined subroutine was modified for this work to allow for operation in the SOEC mode. Model results provide detailed profiles of temperature, operating potential, steam-electrode gas composition, oxygen-electrode gas composition, current density and hydrogen production over a range of stack operating cond...
3D CFD model of a multi-cell high-temperature electrolysis stack
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2009
electrolysis Hydrogen production a b s t r a c t A three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) electrochemical model has been created to model high-temperature electrolysis stack performance and steam electrolysis in the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Integrated Lab Scale (ILS) experiment. The model is made of 60 planar cells stacked on top of each other operated as solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs). Details of the model geometry are specific to a stack that was fabricated by Ceramatec, Inc. [References herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the U.S. Government, any agency thereof, or any company affiliated with the Idaho National Laboratory]. and tested at INL. Inlet and outlet plenum flow and distribution are considered. Mass, momentum, energy, and species conservation and transport are provided via the core features of the commercial CFD code FLUENT. [References herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the U.S. Government, any agency thereof, or any company affiliated with the Idaho National Laboratory]. A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) model adds the electrochemical reactions and loss mechanisms and computation of the electric field throughout the cell.
Three-dimensional thermo-fluid electrochemical modeling of planar SOFC stacks
Journal of Power Sources, 2003
A simulation tool for modeling planar solid oxide fuel cells is demonstrated. The tool combines the versatility of a commercial computational¯uid dynamics simulation code with a validated electrochemistry calculation method. Its function is to predict the¯ow and distribution of anode and cathode gases, temperature and current distributions, and fuel utilization. A three-dimensional model geometry, including internal manifolds, was created to simulate a generic, cross-¯ow stack design. Similar three-dimensional geometries were created for simulation of co-¯ow, and counter¯ow stack designs. Cyclic boundary conditions were imposed at the top and bottom of the model domains, while the lateral walls were assumed adiabatic. The three cases show that, for a given average cell temperature, similar fuel utilizations can result irrespective of the¯ow con®guration. Temperature distributions however, which largely determine thermal stresses during operation, are dependent on the chosen design geometry/¯ow con®guration. The co-¯ow case had the most uniform temperature distribution and the smallest thermal gradients, thus offers thermo-structural advantages over the other¯ow cases. #
Electrochemical model of the integrated planar solid oxide fuel cell (IP-SOFC)
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2004
The Integrated Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (IP-SOFC) is an innovative fuel cell concept which is substantially a cross between tubular and planar geometries, seeking to borrow thermal compliance properties from the former and low cost component fabrication and short current paths from the latter. In this study, a simulation model for the IP-SOFC is presented, with particular highlight on the simulation of the local reaction, taking into account the chemical and electrochemical processes occurring at the electrodes, together with mass transport issues. Some aspects of the overall reactor simulation are discussed as well. The model results have been compared to the experimental data obtained from both a small scale IP-SOFC module and a full-size prototype; in both cases the agreement is good. This electrochemical model is the basis of a detailed model of the full-scale IP-SOFC reactor to be included into a plant simulation tool designed to support thermodynamic analysis of hybrid IP-SOFC/GT (Gas Turbine) systems.
Technological development of hydrogen production by solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2008
Electrochemistry Literature review Material development Mathematical modeling a b s t r a c t High-temperature solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC) has great potential for efficient and economical production of hydrogen fuel. In this paper, the state-of-the-art SOEC technologies are reviewed. The developments of the important steam electrolyzer components, such as the ionic conducting electrolyte and the electrodes, are summarized and discussed. YSZ and LSGM are promising electrolyte materials for SOEC working at high and intermediate temperatures, respectively. When co-doping or a blocking layer is applied, SDC or GDC are possible electrolyte materials for intermediate-temperature SOEC.