Biomechanics of the Temporomandibular Joint (original) (raw)
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Balancing the bite: A comprehensive guide to temporomandibular joint disorder
Journal of Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, 2023
This comprehensive article delves into temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD), covering their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments. The article highlights the TMJ's role in crucial functions like chewing and speech, underlining its anatomy with bony components, ligaments, muscles, and synovial cavity. TMD's disruptive impact on TMJ equilibrium, stemming from stress-induced habits, trauma, malocclusion, and joint conditions, is extensively discussed. The article unveils the diverse spectrum of TMD symptoms, including jaw pain, chewing difficulties, clicking sounds, headaches, earaches, and jaw locking. Diagnosis involves a detailed assessment, and treatments encompass lifestyle adjustments, orthodontics, medications, therapy, oral appliances, and surgeries. Emphasis is placed on prevention and regular dental check-ups. In conclusion, the article empowers readers to grasp TMD comprehensively, enabling informed decisions and effective management for a life free from TMD-related discomfort. Keywords: The temporomandibular joint, TMJ disorders, TMD symptoms, Jaw pain, Clicking sounds.
Current Concepts About Temporomandibular joint disorders: A Review Article
Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science, 2020
Temporomandibular joint is formed by the mandibular condyle inserting into the mandibular fossa of temporal bone. It’s considered as ginglymoarthroidal joint which mean that is capable of both hinge type and gliding movements. TMD affects up to 15% of adults, with a peak incidence at 20 to 40 years of age. However, it can be classified as intra-articular or extra- articular. The incidence varies from 21.5% to 50.5%. The prevalence of TMD is about 3.7-12% greater in women than men. There are two types of treatment: conservative and surgical. We all believe that the valid diagnosis is the key to successful treatment on account of TMD multifactorial nature and often of patients suffering from other disorder simultaneously that can make the correct diagnosis difficult. Manual TMJ inspection was and remain self-evident manner used to detect joint dysfunction related to clinical findings. The primary study should be plain radiography (transcranial, trans maxillary views) or panoramic radi...
International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering, 2020
Temporomandibular joints (TMJs) constitute a pair of joints that connect the jawbone to the skull. TMJs are bilateral joints which work as one unit in conducting daily functions such as speaking, mastication, and other activities associated with the movement of the jaw. Issues associated with the TMJs may arise due to various factors-one such factor being the internal load on the TMJ. These issues may contribute to temporomandibular disorders (TMD). This study aims to evaluate the mandibular trajectories and the associated stress changes during the process of opening the mouth on the TMJs of an asymptomatic subject. The mouth opening motion was recorded by a motion capturing system using models of the mandible and maxilla constructed based on the computed tomography (CT). Two discs constructed based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Finite element analysis was performed on the relative motion of the mandible to the maxilla and validated. The process modelled by these displacements provided less than 10% error in terms of deformation. The simulation results indicate that the lateral intermediate zone-the head and neck of the mandible-and the articular eminence sustained the most significant stresses during the mouth opening motion. The results also suggested that the stresses This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. increase as the range of opening increases with the greatest von Mises stress, tensile, and compressive stress found at the position of maximal opening.
Temporomandibular joint disorders: A case series
INNOVATIVE PUBLICATION, 2019
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is a musculoskeletal disorder that influences masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joint (TMJ), teeth, and periodontal associated structures. The article emphasises on TMJ Disorders Case series
Skeletal pattern in subjects with temporomandibular joint disorders
Archives of Medical Science, 2013
I In nt tr ro od du uc ct ti io on n: : To establish the skeletal pattern in subjects with malocclusions and temporomandibular disorders (TMD); to assess the relationship between craniofacial skeletal structures and TMD in subjects with malocclusions. M Ma at te er ri ia al l a an nd d m me et th ho od ds s: : Sixty-four subjects with malocclusions, over 18 years of age, were included in the study. Temporomandibular disorders were clinically assessed according to the Helkimo Anamnestic Index. Subjects underwent a lateral cephalogram. Subjects were grouped according to the sagittal skeletal pattern (ANB angle) into class I, II and III. Parametric Student tests with equal or unequal variations were used (variations were previously tested with Levene test). R Re es su ul lt ts s: : Twenty-four patients with TMD (experimental sample); 40 patients without TMD (control group); interincisal angle was higher in class I and II (p < 0.05) experimental subjects; overjet was larger in experimental subjects; midline shift and Wits appraisal were broader in the experimental group in all three classes. In class III subjects, the SNB angle was higher in the experimental group (p = 0.01). Joint noises followed by reduced mandible mobility, muscular pain and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain were the most frequent symptoms in subjects with TMD and malocclusions. C Co on nc cl lu us si io on ns s: : Temporomandibular joint status is an important factor to consider when planning orthodontic treatment in patients with severe malocclusions; midline shift, large overjet and deep overbite have been associated with signs and symptoms of TMD.
Differences in loading of the temporomandibular joint during opening and closing of the jaw
Journal of Biomechanics, 2010
Kinematics of the human masticatory system during opening and closing of the jaw have been reported widely. Evidence has been provided that the opening and closing movement of the jaw differ from one another. However, different approaches of movement registration yield divergent expectations with regard to a difference in loading of the temporomandibular joint between these movements. Because of these diverging expectations, it was hypothesized that joint loading is equal during opening and closing. This hypothesis was tested by predicting loading of the temporomandibular joint during an unloaded opening and closing movement of the jaw by means of a three-dimensional biomechanical model of the human masticatory system. Model predictions showed that the joint reaction forces were markedly higher during opening than during closing. The predicted opening trace of the centre of the mandibular condyle was located cranially of the closing trace, with a maximum difference between the traces of 0.45 mm. The hypothesis, postulating similarity of joint loading during unloaded opening and closing of the jaw, therefore, was rejected. Sensitivity analysis showed that the reported differences were not affected in a qualitative sense by muscular activation levels, the thickness of the cartilaginous layers within the temporomandibular joint or the gross morphology of the model. Our predictions indicate that the TMJ is loaded more heavily during unloaded jaw opening than during unloaded jaw closing.
Temporomandibular joint disorders – a lookback in time
International Journal of Dental Research, 2017
The variety of terms used has contributed to a great amount of confusion that exists in this already complicated field of study. Lack of communication and coordination of research efforts often begins with differences in terminology. Therefore in an attempt to coordinate efforts, the American Dental Association began to use TMD to include all functional disturbances of the masticatory system. The article reviews the research work done by various authors pertaining to the disorders of the temporomandibular joint.
Demystifying Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Disorders- A Diagnostic Narrative Review
Indian journal of health sciences and care, 2023
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is one of the most vital and complex joint in humans that is closely associated and innervated with some of the most vital structures such as brain, eyes, ear, oral cavity that help in maintaining the normal human physiology and functioning for overall being hence, it is very important to demystify the approach towards diagnosing and differentiating various disorders associated with this joint. Hence, this article highlights various questionnaires, clinical charts and classifications available to form a diagnosis and also further investigate the diseases associated with the joint with help of latest imaging and diagnostic methods available.
Prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders in patients: An institutional-based study
SRM Journal of Research in Dental Sciences, 2020
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) represent a class of conditions influencing the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the muscles of mastication, and/or related structures. Muscles associated with and incorporating the jaw joint control its position and movement. The TMJ associates the mandible to the temporal bone. TMDs is an aggregate term that depicts a subgathering of painful orofacial disorders, including grievances of agony on the TMJ region and exhaustion of the cranio-cervico-facial muscles, especially of masticatory muscles, impediment of mandibular movement, and the presence of articular clicking. TMJ dysfunction is a cryptic issue even today because of its multifactorial etiology. However, it is generally assumed that TMDs would mainly affect adult patients; nevertheless, children have also shown a similar incidence. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of TMJ disorders among patient visiting the outpatient department (OPD) of a private dental college situated in Haryana.
MULTIPLE ETIOLOGIES OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISORDERS -A REVIEW REVIEW ARTICLE
MULTIPLE ETIOLOGIES OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISORDERS – A REVIEW, 2019
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ), is a synovial joint, involves two bones particularly mandible and temporal bone. Since TMJ involve muscles of mastication and jaw movement therefore, its disorders damages surrounding tissues and minimizes its function. The etiology of TMJ disorders is complex and multifactorial including genetic, traumatic, inflammatory, degenerative and idiopathic disorders as well as behavioral factors (parafunctional habits). Generally females are more affected because of increased level of estrogen hormone affecting bone and cartilage; moreover, emotional factors (anxiety, stress and depression) are also higher in females compared to males. Genetic disorders of TMJ include many genes, which contribute in bone formation and inflammation mediation. This article is focused on etiology of temporomandibular joint disorders and involvement of certain genes and other predisposing factors leading to pathophysiology of its development. Information regarding TMJ disorders was retrieved through PubMed, Medline and other authentic search engines available in the University, information was collected through reviews, research, and epidemiological studies published up to 2016. This review article concludes urgent management is sought in 1-2% young children, 5% teenagers and 5-12% adults. In order to avoid any iatrogenic injury it is mandatory to do prior extensive and detailed physical examination of TMJ.