Green leaf volatiles enhance sex attractant pheromone of the tobacco budworm,Heliothis virescens (Lep.: Noctuidae) (original) (raw)
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Chemoecology, 1993
The capture of adult male moths in female sex pheromone traps of two key agricultural pests, the corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea) and the codling moth (Cydia pomonella), is enhanced or synergized by a certain group of host-plant volatiles, the "green-leaf volatiles" (GLVs). Since female adults of both species call and release their sex pheromones while perched upon the leaves of their host-plants, the volatile constituents from the leaves of a number of host-plants were compared. Sex pheromone traps containing one of the prominent leaf volatiles of certain H. zea hosts, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, not only significantly increased the capture of H. zea males but were preferred over traps baited only with sex pheromone. Similarly, traps baited with synthetic sex pheromome of C. pomonella plus a blend of GLVs captured significantly more males than traps baited only with sex pheromone. Since male moths are not captured in traps baited only with these GLVs, it appears that these GLVs act as pheromone synergists which increase or enhance the attraction or arrestment of male moths in pheromone traps.
Environmental Entomology, 1997
Compared with the laboratory colony females, 1st-generation feral (wild FJ) females of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescells (F.), produced little sex pheromone unless exposed to a host plant. Pheromone production in wild F I females was induced by both cotton, CossypiulIl hirsutlllll L., squares and tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum L., buds. With either of the hosts, physical contact evoked a significantly higher response than lid exposure to volatile compounds from these plant parts. Of the 12 tobacco chemicals and a corn, Zea l1WYS L., silk extract tested with wild FJ females, oxidized a+f3-4,8,13-duvatriene-l,3-diols (oxy-DVT-diols), a-4,8,13-duvatriene-l,3-diol (a-DVT-diol), (13E)-labda-13-ene-8a,15-diol (labdenediol), and the com silk extract evoked high pheromone production. Pheromone production may require host plant-based signals to assure that a suitable host is available for oviposition by the female, once it is mated.
Studies of the Female Sex Pheromone of the Native Budworm, Heliothis Punctiger
Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 1982
Field screening tests indicated that males of the native budworm, Heliothis punctiger Wallengren (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were attracted to a 20:20:1 mixture of (Z)‐11‐hexadecenal (Z11‐16:ALD), (Z)‐11‐hexadecenyl acetate (Z11‐16:Ac) and (Z)‐9‐tetradecenal (Z9‐14:ALD), respectively. Inconsistent results were obtained when the Z11‐16:Ac in the blend was replaced by the corresponding alcohol, (Z)‐11‐hexadecenol (Z11‐16:OH). The presence of Z11‐16:ALD, Z11‐16:Ac and Z11‐16:OH in ovipositor washings from virgin females was confirmed by gas chromatographic (GC) and electroantennographic (EAG) analyses. Despite the field results, there was no evidence of Z9‐14:ALD in the virgin female extracts although this compound would not have been detected at levels below 0.5% of the total pheromone blend.RÉSUMÉÉtude de la phéromone sexuelle des femelles d‘Heliothis punctigerDes études de terrain sur l'attraction des mâles d'Heliothis punctiger (Wallengren) par des substances chimiques montren...
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2000
Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) from Brassica oleracea subsp. capitata L. have been identified as 1-hexanol, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, 1-hexen-3-ol, hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, hexyl acetate, and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, by their mass spectra and retention times in comparison with authentic samples. No isothiocyanates were found in the extract. The activity of these chemicals has been determined on mated and unmated males and females of the diamondback moth (DBM) Plutella xylostella in the laboratory (wind tunnel) and in the field. On unmated males, mixtures of (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (E)-2-hexenal, and (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol with the pheromone induced attractant/arresting behavior in 80-100% of the males tested, significantly higher than the effect induced by the pheromone alone. On mated males and unmated females the effect of the GLVs alone or in combination with the pheromone was poor, while on mated females these compounds elicited upwind flight and arresting behavior in 40-60% of the females assayed. There was no synergism when these chemicals were mixed with the pheromone. In the field, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, the most active GLV in laboratory tests, when mixed with the pheromone in 1:1 ratio, enhanced 6-7-fold the number of females and 20-30% the number of males caught by traps over those baited with the pheromone alone. Our results indicate that the enhancement of the attraction of both males and females of the DBM to traps baited with pheromone blended with the relatively inexpensive and environmentally safe (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate may be important for future control strategies of the pest.
Synergism of pheromone and host-plant volatile blends in the attraction of Grapholita molesta males
Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 2011
Control of Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a major pest of stone and 2 pome fruits, is successfully achieved by mating disruption. Under these conditions, tools other 3 than conventional pheromone dispensers are needed for flight monitoring. The objective of 4 the present work was to determine whether plant volatiles synergize male G. molesta 5 attraction to a suboptimal dose of synthetic sex pheromone. The plant blend (5VB), a mixture 6 of three green leaf volatiles ((Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (Z)-3-hexenol and (E)-2-hexenal), and two 7 aromatics (benzaldehyde and benzonitrile), was added to the suboptimal pheromone dose (2 8 ng on filter paper) in log steps (up to 10,000x the pheromone dose) to test synergism of 9 pheromone and plant blends. In addition, the effect of individual plant volatiles on male 10 responses was investigated by adding to the suboptimal pheromone dose each of the four-11 compound plant-volatile blends resulting from eliminating a different plant volatile from the 12 5VB at a time, or each plant volatile alone. Flight behaviour and the time to reach the source 13 were recorded. The 5VB alone was not attractive to G. molesta males, but at a ratio of 1:1000 14 (Ph:5VB) or higher increased the attractiveness of the suboptimal pheromone dose, to a level 15 similar to that of the optimal pheromone dose (10 ng). All tested plant volatiles, except 16 benzaldehyde, synergized the response to the pheromone when added individually, but only 17 (Z)-3-hexenol and benzonitrile did so to a level not significantly different from the Ph:5VB 18 blend. Aromatics had a stronger effect than GLVs, because their removal, but not the removal 19 of GLVs, decreased landing responses. The addition of the 5VB decreased significantly the 20 time males needed to reach the odour source. The observed enhanced male attraction to 21 mixtures of pheromone and plant volatiles will facilitate the development of lures for G. 22 molesta adult flight monitoring.
European Journal of Entomology, 2016
The possibility of interfering with chemical communication in insects using pheromone analogs is an interesting approach with potential use in pest management programs (Prestwich, 1987; Renou & Guerrero, 2000; Plettner, 2002). Among the structural analogs, methyl ketones (MKs) and, particularly, trifl uoromethyl ketones (TFMKs), in which the acetate group has been replaced by CH 3 CO or CF 3 CO, respectively, are good disruptants of pheromone perception in a number of lepidopteran species, such as Spodo ptera littoralis Boisduval (
Environmental Entomology, 2011
Attraction of emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, to a volatile pheromone was demonstrated in three Þeld experiments using baited green sticky traps. A doseÐresponse curve was generated for male A. planipennis to increasing release rates of (3Z)-dodecen-12-olide ((3Z)lactone) in combination with the green leaf volatile, (3Z)-hexenol. Only the lowest release rate (Ͻ2.50 g/d) of (3Z)-lactone signiÞcantly increased captures of male A. planipennis, as compared with traps baited with (3Z)-hexenol alone. Effect of trap height, (3Z)-lactone, and (3Z)-hexenol and their interactions on the trap capture of A. planipennis was determined in a factorial experiment. Number of males per trap was signiÞcantly and positively affected by (3Z)-lactone, (3Z)-hexenol, and trap height whereas number of females per trap was affected by trap height only; none of the interactions were signiÞcant. As predicted, the greatest mean catch of males was in traps baited with (3Z)-lactone and (3Z)-hexenol placed high in the canopy. Electroantennogram tests on the bark volatile, 7-episesquithujene, demonstrated the ability of male and female A. planipennis antennae to detect and respond to this compound, particularly the (ϩ)-7-epi-sesquithujene isomer. Results from an olfactometer bioassay and Þeld testing did not demonstrate attraction of either males or females to (ϩ)-7-epi-sesquithujene. These data increase our understanding of the pheromone ecology of the invasive emerald ash borer, provide further conÞrmation of the behavioral activity of the femaleproduced lactone pheromone, and should increase the ability to detect A. planipennis infestations where they are present.
In order to locate mates, food, and oviposition sites, insects mainly rely on volatile cues released by their sexual partners, food sources, and host and non-host plants. Calling, mating, and oviposition behaviors, as well as fecundity and longevity, of newly emerged Spodoptera littoralis (Bois.) moths were recorded in the presence of volatiles from leaves of a host plant, Gossypium hirsutum (cotton) and two non-host plants, Adhatoda vasica (Av) or Picea abies (spruce), either alone or in host/non-host combinations. Females exposed to cotton volatiles started calling earlier than females exposed to non-host plant volatiles (NHV), or the blank control. Likewise, moth pairs exposed to cotton volatiles started mating earlier than the other treatments. The period of calling in females alone was longer than females kept with males, having the opportunity to mate. However, the callings, as well as mating durations in the moth pairs, in different treatments were not different. Longevity was decreased either in the absence of cotton or the presence of Av, and spruce leaves. Fecundity was reduced in moths exposed to a combination of spruce and cotton. The effect of NHVon attraction of 2-3-day-old male moths towards a pheromone (Ph) source was studied in a wind tunnel. In the no-choice assay, more males arrived at close approach and landed on the Ph source when the host plant, cotton, was offered in the background as compared to the non-hosts. In the dualchoice assay, more males landed on the Ph source in front of the host plant compared to the Ph source in front of non-hosts. Gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection on female S. littoralis revealed five antennally active compounds in headspace collections of spruce and three compounds in Av.
Environmental Entomology, 2011
Attraction of emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, to a volatile pheromone was demonstrated in three Þeld experiments using baited green sticky traps. A doseÐresponse curve was generated for male A. planipennis to increasing release rates of (3Z)-dodecen-12-olide ((3Z)lactone) in combination with the green leaf volatile, (3Z)-hexenol. Only the lowest release rate (Ͻ2.50 g/d) of (3Z)-lactone signiÞcantly increased captures of male A. planipennis, as compared with traps baited with (3Z)-hexenol alone. Effect of trap height, (3Z)-lactone, and (3Z)-hexenol and their interactions on the trap capture of A. planipennis was determined in a factorial experiment. Number of males per trap was signiÞcantly and positively affected by (3Z)-lactone, (3Z)-hexenol, and trap height whereas number of females per trap was affected by trap height only; none of the interactions were signiÞcant. As predicted, the greatest mean catch of males was in traps baited with (3Z)-lactone and (3Z)-hexenol placed high in the canopy. Electroantennogram tests on the bark volatile, 7-episesquithujene, demonstrated the ability of male and female A. planipennis antennae to detect and respond to this compound, particularly the (ϩ)-7-epi-sesquithujene isomer. Results from an olfactometer bioassay and Þeld testing did not demonstrate attraction of either males or females to (ϩ)-7-epi-sesquithujene. These data increase our understanding of the pheromone ecology of the invasive emerald ash borer, provide further conÞrmation of the behavioral activity of the femaleproduced lactone pheromone, and should increase the ability to detect A. planipennis infestations where they are present.